dnf.mark: mark packages in DNF state database

This adjustment allows the definition of the mark with the RPMs and runs
DNF after installing the RPMs to put the proper markings in the DNF
state database. See osbuild#455.

This ensures that packages don't get removed during `autoremove` leading
to broken systems.

This stage conditionally selects `dnf5` or `dnf` semantics.

stages/org.osbuild.dnf.mark

@@ -0,0 +1,127 @@
+#!/usr/bin/python3
+"""
+Mark packages in the DNF state database.
+"""
+
+import itertools
+import operator
+import shutil
+import subprocess
+import sys
+
+from osbuild import api
+
+SCHEMA_2 = """
+"options": {
+  "additionalProperties": false,
+  "properties": {
+    "packages": {
+      "type": "array",
+      "minItems": 1,
+      "description": "Packages and their marks.",
+      "items": {
+        "type": "object",
+        "additionalProperties": false,
+        "required": ["name", "mark"],
+        "properties": {
+          "name": {
+            "type": "string",
+            "description": "Package name."
+          },
+          "mark": {
+            "type": "string",
+            "enum": ["user", "dependency", "weak", "group"],
+            "description": "Package mark."
+          },
+          "group": {
+            "type": "string",
+            "description": "Group to mark package for when `mark` is `group`."
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  }
+}
+"""
+
+
+def mark(packages):
+    dnf_bin = shutil.which("dnf5")
+
+    # let's start by finding out which version of dnf we have
+    version = subprocess.run(
+        [dnf_bin, "--version"], capture_output=True, encoding="utf8", check=True
+    ).stdout
+
+    # now it's important to note that dnf and dnf5 have different version outputs,
+    # dnf outputs it's version directly and dnf5 has a prefix. we can strip that
+    # prefix and it'll be a no-op if it isn't there, both have this on the first
+    # line
+    version = version.splitlines()[0]
+    version = version.removeprefix("dnf5 version ")
+    version, _ = version.split(".", 1)
+
+    # if that's a 5, then we have dnf5
+    is_dnf5 = version == "5"
+
+    # now there is an alternative and that is dnf5 installed separately, in which
+    # case we adjust our path and turn on dnf5
+    dnf5_bin = shutil.which("dnf5")
+
+    if dnf5_bin:
+        dnf_bin = dnf5_bin
+        is_dnf5 = True
+
+    # group by markings
+    markings = dict(
+        itertools.groupby(
+            sorted(packages, key=operator.itemgetter("name")),
+            operator.itemgetter("name"),
+        )
+    )
+
+    if is_dnf5:
+        mark5(dnf_bin, markings)
+    else:
+        mark4(dnf_bin, markings)
+
+
+def mark4(executable, markings):
+    subprocess.run(
+        [executable, "mark", "-y", "install"]
+        + [package["name"] for package in markings["user"]],
+        check=True,
+    )
+
+    # XXX how do i pass the group marking to dnf4?
+    subprocess.run(
+        [executable, "mark", "-y", "group"]
+        + [package["name"] for package in markings["group"]],
+        check=True,
+    )
+
+
+def mark5(executable, markings):
+    for mark_as in ["user", "dependency", "weak"]:
+        subprocess.run(
+            [executable, "mark", "-y", mark_as]
+            + [package["name"] for package in markings[mark]],
+            check=True,
+        )
+
+    for package in markings["group"]:
+        subprocess.run(
+            [executable, "mark", "-y", "group", package["group"], package["name"]],
+            check=True,
+        )
+
+
+def main(_, options):
+    mark(options["packages"])
+    return 0
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    args = api.arguments()
+    r = main(args["tree"], args["options"])
+    sys.exit(r)