chore: Bump Rust version and workflow actions

[sbernauer]

Description

Part of #898

Definition of Done Checklist

• Not all of these items are applicable to all PRs, the author should update this template to only leave the boxes in that are relevant
• Please make sure all these things are done and tick the boxes

Author

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1. Changes are OpenShift compatible
2. CRD changes approved
3. Integration tests passed (for non trivial changes)

Reviewer

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1. Code contains useful comments
2. (Integration-)Test cases added
3. Documentation added or updated
4. Changelog updated
5. Cargo.toml only contains references to git tags (not specific commits or branches)

Acceptance

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1. Feature Tracker has been updated
2. Proper release label has been added

[NickLarsenNZ]

LGTM.

While I think of it, there is the ubi9 image builder updates:
https://github.com/stackabletech/docker-images/blob/main/ubi9-rust-builder/Dockerfile#L13

This was normally taken care of in the product update tracking task but maybe it should become part of the same tracking issue as this?

stackabletech/docker-images#831

I will add a placeholder task in #898 for now.

[sbernauer]

Unpopular opinion: I would bump the Rust version after a SDP release and keep it like that - as it does not offer any users benefits and we have stability before the release.
Anyway, I just wanted to mention this, but I'm sticking to the templates you created!

Also approved your PR, thanks for your review here!

[Techassi]

I feel like this should be a task in the "Update Rust Toolchain of Operators" tracking issue template as the comment in the Dockerfile also mentions that the version should be kept in-sync with operator-templating.