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convert jsx callout components to markdown '>'
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@shawazi
shawazi committed Oct 7, 2024
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60 changes: 27 additions & 33 deletions content/courses/onchain-development/intro-to-anchor.md
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Expand Up @@ -35,6 +35,11 @@ platform, and prediction market is a program.
This lesson will give you a basic introduction to writing and deploying a Solana
program using the Rust programming language and the Anchor framework.

> This and the further lessons in this course will give a good base to start
> building Solana programs with Anchor, however if you want to get more into
> Anchor, we would recommend checking out the
> [The Anchor Book](https://book.anchor-lang.com/).
### What is Anchor?

Anchor makes writing Solana programs easier, faster, and more secure, making it
Expand All @@ -61,7 +66,7 @@ Some important macros provided by Anchor are:

- `declare_id` - a macro for declaring the program’s onchain address
- `#[program]` - an attribute macro used to denote the module containing the
program’s instruction handlers. program’s instruction logic
program’s instruction handlers.
- `Accounts` - a trait applied to structs representing the list of accounts
required for an instruction.
- `#[account]` - an attribute macro used to define custom account types for the
Expand Down Expand Up @@ -145,9 +150,9 @@ takes a generic of your `Accounts` struct, eg, if `AddMovieReview` was the
struct holding the accounts, the context for the `add_movie_review()` function
would be `Context<AddMovieReview>`.

<callout type="info" title="Naming convention">
Yes, the Accounts struct is typically named the same thing as the instruction handler, just in TitleCase. Eg, the struct with the accounts for add_movie_review() is called AddMovieReview!
</callout>
> Yes, the Accounts struct is typically named the same thing as the instruction
> handler, just in TitleCase. Eg, the struct with the accounts for
> add_movie_review() is called AddMovieReview!
Through this context argument the instruction can then access:

Expand Down Expand Up @@ -497,12 +502,10 @@ counter program for Solana.
`solana-cli` can be installed by following this
[installation guide](https://solana.com/docs/intro/installation).

<Callout type="info" title="Notes for installing solana-cli">
Our counter program will use the `agave` fork of `solana`, found at
https://github.com/anza-xyz/agave. The latest mainnet-beta release as of
9/25/2024 is v1.18.23.

To install it on any Linux distribution, you can follow these commands below:
> Our counter program will use the `agave` fork of `solana`, found at
> https://github.com/anza-xyz/agave. The latest mainnet-beta release as of
> 9/25/2024 is v1.18.23. To install it on any Linux distribution, you can follow
> these commands below:
```shell
curl -O https://raw.githubusercontent.com/anza-xyz/agave/v1.18.23/scripts/agave-install-init-x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu
Expand All @@ -514,8 +517,6 @@ echo 'export PATH="$HOME/.agave/bin:$PATH"' >> ~/.bashrc
source ~/.bashrc
```

</Callout>

Go to your terminal and ensure that the following commands output usable
versions. Anchor will fail to create the tests directory if you don't have npm
installed on your OS, so ensure npm is installed alongside the other
Expand All @@ -529,9 +530,10 @@ solana --version
rustc --version
```

<Callout type="warning" title="Don't forget about npm">
The Anchor documentation doesn't mention [npm](https://docs.npmjs.com/downloading-and-installing-node-js-and-npm), but it is critical for `anchor init` to generate the tests directory and the package.json.
</Callout>
> The Anchor documentation doesn't mention
> [npm](https://docs.npmjs.com/downloading-and-installing-node-js-and-npm), but
> it is critical for `anchor init` to generate the tests directory and the
> package.json.
The output for the latest versions as of 09/25/24 is:

Expand All @@ -548,11 +550,10 @@ rustc 1.81.0 (eeb90cda1 2024-09-04)
To install anchor, follow the
[instructions](https://www.anchor-lang.com/docs/installation).

<Callout type="warning" title="Don't fear!">
The most recent version of anchor (v0.30.1) has a minor conflict with rust
versions ^1.79.0, so it might be necessary to follow this [solution](https://github.com/coral-xyz/anchor/issues/3131#issuecomment-2264178262) during
installation. Don't
worry, it's an extremely fast and easy fix.
> The most recent version of anchor (v0.30.1) has a minor conflict with rust
> versions ^1.79.0, so it might be necessary to follow this
> [solution](https://github.com/coral-xyz/anchor/issues/3131#issuecomment-2264178262)
> during installation. Don't worry, it's an extremely fast and easy fix.
If you'd rather just downgrade rust, you can set the development environment's
rust version to 1.79.0 using rustup:
Expand All @@ -562,8 +563,6 @@ rustup install 1.79.0
rustup default 1.79.0
```

</Callout>

Verify you've installed avm and the latest anchor versions:

```shell
Expand Down Expand Up @@ -736,12 +735,9 @@ It'll need the following accounts:
- `system_program` - the system program is required for the initialization of
any new accounts

<Callout type="info" title="Calculating space allocation">
You'll see `INIT_SPACE` accessed here, thanks to the `derive(InitSpace)` macro
from earlier. You can read more about the mechanics of
space allocation from the official
[anchor documentation](https://www.anchor-lang.com/docs/space).
</Callout>
> You'll see `INIT_SPACE` accessed here, thanks to the `derive(InitSpace)` macro
> from earlier. You can read more about the mechanics of space allocation from
> the official [anchor documentation](https://www.anchor-lang.com/docs/space).
Inside of `instructions/initialize.rs`, adjust the code to match the following:

Expand Down Expand Up @@ -1001,7 +997,7 @@ connect to it by running

Now it’s your turn to build something independently. Because we're starting with
simple programs, yours will look almost identical to what we just created. It's
useful to try and get to the point where you can write it from scratch without
useful to try to get to the point where you can write it from scratch without
referencing prior code, so try not to copy and paste here.

1. Write a new program that initializes a `counter` account
Expand All @@ -1017,7 +1013,5 @@ instructions if you want - and have fun!
Try to do this independently if you can! But if you get stuck, feel free to
the [solution code](https://github.com/shawazi/anchor-counter).

<Callout type="success" title="Completed the lab?">
Push your code to GitHub and
[tell us what you thought of this lesson](https://form.typeform.com/to/IPH0UGz7#answers-lesson=334874b7-b152-4473-b5a5-5474c3f8f3f1)!
</Callout>
> Push your code to GitHub and
> [tell us what you thought of this lesson](https://form.typeform.com/to/IPH0UGz7#answers-lesson=334874b7-b152-4473-b5a5-5474c3f8f3f1)!

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