Copy just used pages from huge ANONYMOUS|NORESERVE mappings.

ASan creates a "shadow" of the used memory.
This is done in a mapping of around 20 TB address space,
but most of it is not yet used.

This patch helps an ASan-enabled rr build in following tests:
  nested_detach
  nested_detach_kill
  nested_detach_kill_stuck
  nested_detach_wait
  nested_release

Avoids error message:
  ERROR: AddressSanitizer: requested allocation size 0x20000000000 (0x20000001000 after adjustments for alignment, red zones etc.) exceeds maximum supported size of 0x10000000000 (thread T0)

Changes in V2:
- Fallback if pagemap is not available in copy_mem_mapping_just_used.
- Allocate memory by std::vector instead of new.
- Attempt to improve readability.
- Explain better intended behaviour of copy_mem_mapping_just_used.
- Added bit 62 (swap) like used in function process_execve.
- Add check for return value of pread.
- Change test to better exercise the handling of consecutive pages
  at the end of a mapping.

CMakeLists.txt

@@ -934,6 +934,7 @@ set(BASIC_TESTS
   daemon
   desched_blocking_poll
   desched_sigkill
+  detach_huge_mmap
   detach_state
   detach_threads
   detach_sigkill

src/Task.cc

@@ -3696,6 +3696,73 @@ static void copy_mem_mapping(Task* from, Task* to, const KernelMapping& km) {
   }
 }
 
+static bool copy_mem_mapping_just_used(Task* from, Task* to, const KernelMapping& km)
+{
+  ScopedFd& fd = from->pagemap_fd();
+  if (!fd.is_open()) {
+    LOG(debug) << "Failed to open " << from->proc_pagemap_path();
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  size_t pagesize = page_size();
+
+  vector<uint64_t> buf;
+#if defined(__i386__)
+  const auto buf_page_count = 64*1024;
+#else
+  const auto buf_page_count = 1024*1024;
+#endif
+  buf.resize(buf_page_count);
+
+  uint64_t pages_present = 0; // Just for logging
+
+  for (uintptr_t offset = 0; offset < km.size(); offset += buf.size() * pagesize) {
+
+    auto read_offset = ((km.start().as_int() + offset) / pagesize) * sizeof(uint64_t);
+    auto read_count = buf.size() * sizeof(uint64_t);
+    ssize_t bytes_read = pread(fd, buf.data(), read_count, read_offset);
+    if (bytes_read <= 0) {
+        FATAL() << "pread of pagemap fd failed, errno=" << errno;
+    }
+
+    // A chunk was read from pagemap above, now iterate through it to detect
+    // if memory is physically present (bit 63) or in swap (bit 62) in Task "from".
+    // If yes, just transfer those pages to the new Task "to".
+    // Also try to find consecutive pages to copy them in one operation.
+    // The file /proc/PID/pagemap consists of 64-bit values, each describing
+    // the state of one page. See https://www.kernel.org/doc/Documentation/vm/pagemap.txt
+
+    for (size_t page = 0; page < buf.size() && page < bytes_read / sizeof(uint64_t); ++page) {
+      if (buf[page] & ((1ULL << 63) | (1ULL << 62))) {
+        auto start = km.start() + offset + page * pagesize;
+        if (start >= km.end()) {
+          break;
+        }
+        ++pages_present;
+
+        // Check for consecutive used pages
+        while (page < buf.size()-1 &&
+               buf[page + 1] & ((1ULL << 63) | (1ULL << 62)))
+        {
+          if (km.start() + offset + pagesize * (page + 1) >= km.end()) {
+            break;
+          }
+          ++page;
+          ++pages_present;
+        }
+
+        auto end = km.start() + offset + pagesize * (page + 1);
+        LOG(debug) << km << " copying start: 0x" << hex << start << " end: 0x" << end
+                   << dec << " pages: " << (end - start) / pagesize;
+        auto pages = km.subrange(start, end);
+        copy_mem_mapping(from, to, pages);
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  LOG(debug) << km << " pages_present: " << pages_present << " pages_total: " << km.size() / pagesize;
+  return true;
+}
+
 static void move_vdso_mapping(AutoRemoteSyscalls &remote, const KernelMapping &km) {
   for (const auto& m : remote.task()->vm()->maps()) {
     if  (m.map.is_vdso() && m.map.start() != km.start()) {
@@ -3783,6 +3850,16 @@ void Task::dup_from(Task *other) {
       create_mapping(this, remote_this, km);
       LOG(debug) << "Copying mapping into " << tid;
       if (!(km.flags() & MAP_SHARED)) {
+        // Make the effort just for bigger mappings, copy smaller as a whole.
+        if (km.flags() & (MAP_ANONYMOUS | MAP_NORESERVE) &&
+            km.size() >= 0x10000000/*256MB*/)
+        {
+          LOG(debug) << "Using copy_mem_mapping_just_used";
+          if (copy_mem_mapping_just_used(other, this, km)) {
+            continue;
+          }
+          LOG(debug) << "Fallback to copy_mem_mapping";
+        }
         copy_mem_mapping(other, this, km);
       }
     }

src/test/detach_huge_mmap.c

@@ -0,0 +1,74 @@
+/* -*- Mode: C; tab-width: 8; c-basic-offset: 2; indent-tabs-mode: nil; -*- */
+
+#include "util_internal.h"
+
+static const int magic = 0xab;
+static uint64_t size = 0x10000000; /* 256 MB, at least the value in Task::dup_from */
+static size_t page_size;
+static void* pages[10];
+static unsigned int idx; /*next index of pages*/
+
+void test_alloc(char* mem, unsigned int count, off_t offset) {
+
+  test_assert(0 == munmap(mem + size, page_size));
+
+  /* one page near the start */
+  test_assert(idx < sizeof(pages)/sizeof(pages[0]));
+  pages[idx] = mem + page_size;
+  memset(pages[idx], magic, page_size);
+  idx++;
+
+  /* one or more pages near or at the end */
+  for (unsigned int i = 0; i < count; i++) {
+    test_assert(idx < sizeof(pages)/sizeof(pages[0]));
+    pages[idx] = mem + offset + i * page_size;
+    memset(pages[idx], magic, page_size);
+    idx++;
+  }
+}
+
+int main(void) {
+  page_size = sysconf(_SC_PAGESIZE);
+
+  /* Create one big mapping, then break it up by munmap
+   * into smaller ones, to better test the handling in
+   * the end of mappings. */
+
+  void* mem1 = mmap(NULL, 4 * (size + page_size), PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE,
+                   MAP_PRIVATE | MAP_ANONYMOUS | MAP_NORESERVE, -1, 0);
+  test_assert(mem1 != MAP_FAILED);
+
+  void* mem2 = mem1 + size + page_size;
+  void* mem3 = mem2 + size + page_size;
+  void* mem4 = mem3 + size + page_size;
+
+  test_alloc(mem1, 1, size - page_size);     /* one page used at last page */
+  test_alloc(mem2, 1, size - page_size * 2); /* one page used before last page */
+  test_alloc(mem3, 2, size - page_size * 2); /* two consecutive pages at last two pages */
+  test_alloc(mem4, 2, size - page_size * 3); /* two consecutive pages before last page */
+
+  pid_t pid = fork();
+  if (pid == 0) {
+    if (running_under_rr()) {
+      rr_detach_teleport();
+    }
+
+    /* create one page for easier comparison */
+    char* cmp = malloc(page_size * 3);
+    test_assert(cmp != NULL);
+    memset(cmp, magic, page_size * 3);
+
+    /* check if the saved pages have the expected value */
+    for (unsigned int i = 0; i < idx; i++) {
+      test_assert(memcmp(pages[i], cmp, page_size) == 0);
+    }
+
+    return 0;
+  }
+
+  int status;
+  wait(&status);
+  test_assert(WIFEXITED(status) && WEXITSTATUS(status) == 0);
+  atomic_puts("EXIT-SUCCESS");
+  return 0;
+}