[WIP] updates for BPX v0.4.0 compatibility

[rtimms]

Description

Add support for blended electrodes and user-defined parameters in BPX. Create parameters from BPX file in a loop using partial.

PyBaMM now requires bpx>=0.4.0

Note: BPX set initial concentrations based on SOC, which is not yet supported in pybamm for blended electrodes (see #2682). If a user supplies a "blended electrode" BPX file then they must manually provide initial concentrations after the ParameterValues class has been created (or supply them in the "user-defined" section).

Fixes #3679

Type of change

Please add a line in the relevant section of CHANGELOG.md to document the change (include PR #) - note reverse order of PR #s. If necessary, also add to the list of breaking changes.

• New feature (non-breaking change which adds functionality)
• Optimization (back-end change that speeds up the code)
• Bug fix (non-breaking change which fixes an issue)

Key checklist:

• No style issues: $ pre-commit run (or $ nox -s pre-commit) (see CONTRIBUTING.md for how to set this up to run automatically when committing locally, in just two lines of code)
• All tests pass: $ python run-tests.py --all (or $ nox -s tests)
• The documentation builds: $ python run-tests.py --doctest (or $ nox -s doctests)

You can run integration tests, unit tests, and doctests together at once, using $ python run-tests.py --quick (or $ nox -s quick).

Further checks:

• Code is commented, particularly in hard-to-understand areas
• Tests added that prove fix is effective or that feature works

[rtimms]

@Saransh-cpp I'd also like to get this into 24.1 after review (so long as we can review and merge fairly quickly - I don't want to hold things up too much)

[codecov]

Codecov Report

All modified and coverable lines are covered by tests ✅

Comparison is base (21c460f) 99.59% compared to head (c8264b8) 99.59%.
Report is 2 commits behind head on develop.

Additional details and impacted files

@@           Coverage Diff            @@
##           develop    #3414   +/-   ##
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  Coverage    99.59%   99.59%           
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  Files          258      258           
  Lines        20827    20820    -7     
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- Hits         20742    20736    -6     
+ Misses          85       84    -1     

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[Saransh-cpp]

@rtimms ideally no new features (and especially no new breaking changes) should be added to a release after the release candidate is out. I think we should not add this to v24.1, given that this is not a bug fix.

[rtimms]

@Saransh-cpp ok, thanks, let’s leave this out

[rtimms]

there is new functionality in BPX v0.4 that won’t work with pybamm until this is merged, so we should either merge this or pin BPX < 0.4

this isn’t a huge breaking change in that is immediately fixed by updating the BPX version, but happy to wait to add it as a new feature in the next version

[brosaplanella]

Looks good, my main coverage is that coverage needs to be improved. Happy either for this to make it in the release or waiting until 24.5 (and pinning version for this release).