System tests: Enable preCICE debug messages and symbols via an argument

[MakisH]

This adds an additional argument to the system tests to pass the CMake preset to the preCICE build. It defaults to production-audit, which also enables debug messages, but one could then manually switch it, e.g., to optimized-debug.

My motivation for making this an argument is that we should be testing something close to the user, but sometimes it would be useful to get additional debug symbols (e.g., in the coredump file that is included in the archive). Note that for this we would also need to get the binary from the Docker container. This is a bit more complicated, but we could get it from the VM, if needed.

It also now writes debug and trace log files for every tutorial.

Respective system tests job: https://github.com/precice/tutorials/actions/runs/11798415337

closes #586

Checklist:

• I added a summary of any user-facing changes (compared to the last release) in the changelog-entries/<PRnumber>.md.
• I will remember to squash-and-merge, providing a useful summary of the changes of this PR.