feat: client query negation

[awill1988]

👋🏻 I am new here so I apologize in advance for what is likely a contribution that needs work so I am happy to take plenty of feedback and work towards whatever solution makes the most sense.

The goal of this is to add a concise (and safe) way to specify some negative matching criteria on the HTTP API by expanding the way the query parameters are interpreted when requesting a list of OAuth2 Clients.

Related issue(s)

#3804

Checklist

• I have read the contributing guidelines.
• I have referenced an issue containing the design document if my change
  introduces a new feature.
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Further Comments

Before I forget to mention it, thank you for this wonderful software!

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