feat: Implementation of Safe Type Conversion Templates in C++

[beats-dh]

Objective

This Pull Request introduces a series of C++ templates designed to facilitate safe and efficient type conversions. The aim is to replace explicit static_cast calls in the existing codebase, enhancing both the safety and readability of the code.

Key Changes

• Template get_default_value<T>(): Provides default values for type T, distinguishing between arithmetic and non-arithmetic types.
• Template number_to_string<U>(value): Efficiently converts numerical values to strings using std::to_chars, applicable to both integral and floating-point types.
• Template safe_convert<T, U>(value, callerName, defaultValue): Ensures safe type conversions, incorporating checks for overflow, underflow, precision loss, and non-finite floating-point values. Specialized for various type combinations, including conversions from enum to arithmetic types, and from string to numeric types.

Benefits

• Enhanced Safety: Integrates thorough checks to mitigate common conversion issues such as overflow and loss of precision.
• Increased Flexibility: Compatible with a broad array of data types and conversion scenarios.
• Improved Code Readability and Maintenance: Streamlines the code by replacing numerous static_cast instances with more expressive and intentional function calls.

Usage Examples

Examples illustrating the practical application of each template are included in "src/utils/safe_convert.hpp", demonstrating their utility across diverse type conversion situations.

Notes

• This PR refines the codebase without altering its fundamental logic, providing a more robust and legible method for type conversion.
• A detailed review of the template implementations is advised to ensure comprehensive coverage of all project use cases.

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[luan]

Looks good to me. I realize it's mostly a search and replace job so I only review the concept here.

Just gotta fix the builds.

[sonarqubecloud]

Quality Gate failed

Failed conditions

C Reliability Rating on New Code (required ≥ A)

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[github-actions]

This PR is stale because it has been open 45 days with no activity.

[github-actions]

This PR is stale because it has been open 45 days with no activity.