This repo is my implementation of Scott Lawson's work. I did my best to simplify the installation process. The original Readme text can be found below my updated Readme.
This repo is designed to work with Python 3+. Python 2 is no longer supported but it may still work without (m)any changes. I haven't done an integration with ESP8266 yet but still plan to in the future.
The steps in this repo can be applied globally on your Pi or inside virtual environments like venv or conda. My tutorial does everything globally!
See the new demo at: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7YLF-N0596I
Join the Conversation on EasyProgramming at: https://www.easyprogramming.net/raspberrypi/audio_reactive_led.php
You can also watch the old demo at the following URL. You can see just how much time the new implementation saves: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vY4P0MU62X8
A full video tutorial can be found on YouTube at https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7YLF-N0596I
More information on the tutorial can be found at https://www.easyprogramming.net/raspberrypi/audio_reactive_led.php
See the old tutorial on Branch v1.0.0.
The following assumes that you have Raspberry Pi OS installed and your Pi is up to date with sudo apt update && sudo apt upgrade.
I normally start the lite version of Raspberry Pi OS without desktop and recommended software so it usually doesn't come with Git installed. So let's install it:
sudo apt install git -yAfter we install git, clone this repo:
git clone https://github.com/naztronaut/dancyPi-audio-reactive-led.gitThen let's head into our install directory and continue to the next step:
cd dancyPi-audio-reactive-led/python/installIn the previous version, there were MANY steps before the lights would work. I tried my best to simply this into one simple command which modifies the audio config files as needed and installs all dependencies globally. Once you are in the install directory, run this command:
sudo python3 install.pyThe installation should take a few minutes (depends on your internet speed and how many of the packages need a full install). The script is very simple. It runs a bunch of sudo apt install
and pip3 install commands followed by placing the asound.conf file in its proper location and modifying the alsa.conf as necessary by commenting out hardware that is not needed/used
and making sure the correct audio device is used.
The script also installs the rpi_ws281x library which is used to actually turn the lights on and off. In the previous version, this install required about 8 steps on its own. Now it's done
through the install script. Since it's done this way, there's no more "demo" script that you can run. I will maybe work on one later (may or may not be in another repo).
You'll still need to make some edits to fit your needs.
DEVICE = 'pi'
USE_GUI = False
DISPLAY_FPS = False
N_PIXELS = 144
MIC_RATE = 48000
FPS = 50I'm using the standalone Raspberry Pi with a 144 LED strip. The USB Microphone that I'm using has a rate of 48000 hz. And I turned the FPS down to 50 but I was easily getting 90 FPS without issues.
I'm also using this headless so the GUI and FPS have been turned off for better performance.
Added the following after line 9 to allow reading command line arguments:
import sys
visualization_type = sys.argv[1]Also added if/elif statements starting on line 256 to assign the above visualization_type variable to visualization_effect variable on line 265. This now accepts an extra
command line argument which tells the script which visualization to run. The options are spectrum, energy, or scroll. To run this, simply run:
sudo python3 visualization.py scrollYou can substitute scroll for either energy or spectrumfor the other two effects.
Contains python code to turn off all the LEDs after the off command was sent. Change the LED_COUNT if your LED count is different from 144.
Turn off your pi, plug your USB Mic in, then turn your Pi back on. I've noticed that sometimes, the Pi won't easily recognize a new usb device.
#2 PHP URL commands not activating visualizations
Most users should not have to do this but if you are experiencing the following error when trying to run the script via a browser:
sudo: no tty present and no askpass program specified
Add the following to your /etc/sudoers file:
www-data ALL = NOPASSWD: /usr/bin/python
- Nazmus Nasir - Nazm.us - Owner of EasyProgramming.net
This project is licensed under the MIT License - see the LICENSE.txt file for details
Have questions? You can reach me through several different channels. You can ask a question in the issues forum, on EasyProgramming.net, or on the video comments on YouTube.
I will accept Pull requests fixing bugs or adding new features after I've vetted them. Feel free to create pull requests!
Real-time LED strip music visualization using Python and the ESP8266 or Raspberry Pi.
The repository includes everything needed to build an LED strip music visualizer (excluding hardware):
- Python visualization code, which includes code for:
- Recording audio with a microphone (microphone.py)
- Digital signal processing (dsp.py)
- Constructing 1D visualizations (visualization.py)
- Sending pixel information to the ESP8266 over WiFi (led.py)
- Configuration and settings (config.py)
- Arduino firmware for the ESP8266 (ws2812_controller_esp8266.ino)
To build a visualizer using a computer and ESP8266, you will need:
- Computer with Python 2.7 or 3.5 (Anaconda is recommended on Windows)
- ESP8266 module with RX1 pin exposed. These modules can be purchased for as little as $5 USD. These modules are known to be compatible, but many others will work too:
- NodeMCU v3
- Adafruit HUZZAH
- Adafruit Feather HUZZAH
- WS2812B LED strip (such as Adafruit Neopixels). These can be purchased for as little as $5-15 USD per meter.
- 5V power supply
- 3.3V-5V level shifter (optional, must be non-inverting)
Limitations when using a computer + ESP8266:
- The communication protocol between the computer and ESP8266 currently supports a maximum of 256 LEDs.
You can also build a standalone visualizer using a Raspberry Pi. For this you will need:
- Raspberry Pi (1, 2, or 3)
- USB audio input device. This could be a USB microphone or a sound card. You just need to find some way of giving the Raspberry Pi audio input.
- WS2812B LED strip (such as Adafruit Neopixels)
- 5V power supply
- 3.3V-5V level shifter (optional)
Limitations when using the Raspberry Pi:
- Raspberry Pi is just fast enough the run the visualization, but it is too slow to run the GUI window as well. It is recommended that you disable the GUI when running the code on the Raspberry Pi.
- The ESP8266 uses a technique called temporal dithering to improve the color depth of the LED strip. Unfortunately the Raspberry Pi lacks this capability.
Visualization code is compatible with Python 2.7 or 3.5. A few Python dependencies must also be installed:
- Numpy
- Scipy (for digital signal processing)
- PyQtGraph (for GUI visualization)
- PyAudio (for recording audio with microphone)
On Windows machines, the use of Anaconda is highly recommended. Anaconda simplifies the installation of Python dependencies, which is sometimes difficult on Windows.
Create a conda virtual environment (this step is optional but recommended)
conda create --name visualization-env python=3.5
activate visualization-env
Install dependencies using pip and the conda package manager
conda install numpy scipy pyqtgraph
pip install pyaudio
The pip package manager can also be used to install the python dependencies.
pip install numpy
pip install scipy
pip install pyqtgraph
pip install pyaudio
If pip is not found try using python -m pip install instead.
ESP8266 firmare is uploaded using the Arduino IDE. See this tutorial to setup the Arduino IDE for ESP8266.
Download Here or using library manager, search for "NeoPixelBus".
The ESP8266 has hardware support for I²S and this peripheral is used to control the ws2812b LED strip. This signficantly improves performance compared to bit-banging the IO pin. Unfortunately, this means that the LED strip must be connected to the RX1 pin, which is not accessible in some ESP8266 modules (such as the ESP-01).
The RX1 pin on the ESP8266 module should be connected to the data input pin of the ws2812b LED strip (often labelled DIN or D0).
For the NodeMCU v3 and Adafruit Feather HUZZAH, the location of the RX1 pin is shown in the images below. Many other modules also expose the RX1 pin.
Since the Raspberry Pi is a 3.3V device, the best practice is to use a logic level converter to shift the 3.3V logic to 5V logic (WS2812 LEDs use 5V logic). There is a good overview on the best practices here.
Although a logic level converter is the best practice, sometimes it will still work if you simply connect the LED strip directly to the Raspberry Pi.
You cannot power the LED strip using the Raspberry Pi GPIO pins, you need to have an external 5V power supply.
The connections are:
- Connect GND on the power supply to GND on the LED strip and GND on the Raspberry Pi (they MUST share a common GND connection)
- Connect +5V on the power supply to +5V on the LED strip
- Connect a PWM GPIO pin on the Raspberry Pi to the data pin on the LED strip. If using the Raspberry Pi 2 or 3, then try Pin 18(GPIO5).
- Install Python and Python dependencies
- Install Arduino IDE and ESP8266 addon
- Download and extract all of the files in this repository onto your computer
- Connect the RX1 pin of your ESP8266 module to the data input pin of the ws2812b LED strip. Ensure that your LED strip is properly connected to a 5V power supply and that the ESP8266 and LED strip share a common electrical ground connection.
- In ws2812_controller.ino:
- Set
const char* ssidto your router's SSID - Set
const char* passwordto your router's password - Set
IPAddress gatewayto match your router's gateway - Set
IPAddress ipto the IP address that you would like your ESP8266 to use (your choice) - Set
#define NUM_LEDSto the number of LEDs in your LED strip
- Upload the ws2812_controller.ino firmware to the ESP8266. Ensure that you have selected the correct ESP8266 board from the boards menu. In the dropdown menu, set
CPU Frequencyto 160 MHz for optimal performance. - In config.py:
- Set
N_PIXELSto the number of LEDs in your LED strip (must matchNUM_LEDSin ws2812_controller.ino) - Set
UDP_IPto the IP address of your ESP8266 (must matchipin ws2812_controller.ino) - If needed, set
MIC_RATEto your microphone sampling rate in Hz. Most of the time you will not need to change this.
If you encounter any problems running the visualization on a Raspberry Pi, please open a new issue. Also, please consider opening an issue if you have any questions or suggestions for improving the installation process.
Download and extract all of the files in this repository onto your pi to begin.
Install python dependencies using apt-get
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install python-numpy python-scipy python-pyaudio
For the Raspberry Pi, a USB audio device needs to be configured as the default audio device.
Create/edit /etc/asound.conf
sudo nano /etc/asound.conf
Set the file to the following text
pcm.!default {
type hw
card 1
}
ctl.!default {
type hw
card 1
}
Next, set the USB device to as the default device by editing /usr/share/alsa/alsa.conf
sudo nano /usr/share/alsa/alsa.conf
Change
defaults.ctl.card 0
defaults.pcm.card 0
To
defaults.ctl.card 1
defaults.pcm.card 1
- cd rpi_ws281x/python/examples
- sudo nano strandtest.py
- Configure the options at the top of the file. Enable logic inverting if you are using an inverting logic-level converter. Set the correct GPIO pin and number of pixels for the LED strip. You will likely need a logic-level converter to convert the Raspberry Pi's 3.3V logic to the 5V logic used by the ws2812b LED strip.
- Run example with 'sudo python strandtest.py'
In config.py, set the device to 'pi' and configure the GPIO, LED and other hardware settings.
If you are using an inverting logic level converter, set LED_INVERT = True in config.py. Set LED_INVERT = False if you are not using an inverting logic level converter (i.e. connecting LED strip directly to GPIO pin).
The visualization program streams audio from the default audio input device (set by the operating system). Windows users can change the audio input device by following these instructions.
Examples of typical audio sources:
- Audio cable connected to the audio input jack (requires USB sound card on Raspberry Pi)
- Webcam microphone, headset, studio recording microphone, etc
You can use a "virtual audio device" to transfer audio playback from one application to another. This means that you can play music on your computer and connect the playback directly into the visualization program.
On Windows, you can use "Stereo Mix" to copy the audio output stream into the audio input. Stereo Mix is only support on certain audio chipsets. If your chipset does not support Stereo Mix, you can use a third-party application such as Voicemeeter.
Go to recording devices under Windows Sound settings (Control Panel -> Sound). In the right-click menu, select "Show Disabled Devices".
Enable Stereo Mix and set it as the default device. Your audio playback should now be used as the audio input source for the visualization program. If your audio chipset does not support Stereo Mix then it will not appear in the list.
Linux users can use Jack Audio to create a virtual audio device.
On OSX, Loopback can be use to create a virtual audio device.
Once everything has been configured, run visualization.py to start the visualization. The visualization will automatically use your default recording device (microphone) as the audio input.
A PyQtGraph GUI will open to display the output of the visualization on the computer. There is a setting to enable/disable the GUI display in config.py
If you encounter any issues or have questions about this project, feel free to open a new issue.
- ESP8266 supports a maximum of 256 LEDs. This limitation will be removed in a future update. The Raspberry Pi can use more than 256 LEDs.
- Even numbers of pixels must be used. For example, if you have 71 pixels then use the next lowest even number, 70. Odd pixel quantities will be supported in a future update.
This project was developed by Scott Lawson and is released under the MIT License.
