Enable the vhost backend for the virtio-net interfaces in the KVM hyp…

…ervisor

Using vhost as the backend for virtio-net in a QEMU/KVM setup bypasses QEMU's
user-space network packet processing by moving packet handling directly into
the Linux kernel. Normally, QEMU would process network I/O in user space,
which incurs significant CPU overhead and latency due to frequent context
switching between user space (QEMU) and kernel space. With vhost, packet
processing is handled by a dedicated kernel thread, avoiding QEMU for most
networking tasks. This direct kernel handling minimizes the need for QEMU’s
intervention, resulting in lower latency, higher throughput, and better
CPU efficiency for network-intensive applications running on virtual machines.

Using vhost is a clear choice with no downsides, as it is already included
in eve-kernel and does not increase the EVE image size. Reducing QEMU overhead
is especially important for EVE, where we enforce cgroup CPU quotas to limit
an application to using no more than N CPUs at a time, with N being the number
of vCPUs assigned to the app in its configuration (see pkg/pillar/containerd/oci.go,
method UpdateFromDomain()). These CPU quotas apply to both the application and
QEMU itself, so removing QEMU from packet processing is essential to prevent
it from consuming CPU cycles needed by the application.

Signed-off-by: Milan Lenco <[email protected]>

pkg/pillar/hypervisor/kvm.go

@@ -372,6 +372,7 @@ const qemuNetTemplate = `
   br = "{{.Bridge}}"
   script = "/etc/xen/scripts/qemu-ifup"
   downscript = "no"
+  vhost = "on"
 
 [device "net{{.NetID}}"]
   driver = "{{.Driver}}"

pkg/pillar/hypervisor/kvm_test.go

@@ -324,6 +324,7 @@ func TestCreateDomConfigOnlyCom1(t *testing.T) {
   br = "bn0"
   script = "/etc/xen/scripts/qemu-ifup"
   downscript = "no"
+  vhost = "on"
 
 [device "net0"]
   driver = "virtio-net-pci"
@@ -346,6 +347,7 @@ func TestCreateDomConfigOnlyCom1(t *testing.T) {
   br = "bn0"
   script = "/etc/xen/scripts/qemu-ifup"
   downscript = "no"
+  vhost = "on"
 
 [device "net1"]
   driver = "virtio-net-pci"
@@ -610,6 +612,7 @@ func TestCreateDomConfigOnlyCom1(t *testing.T) {
   br = "bn0"
   script = "/etc/xen/scripts/qemu-ifup"
   downscript = "no"
+  vhost = "on"
 
 [device "net0"]
   driver = "virtio-net-pci"
@@ -632,6 +635,7 @@ func TestCreateDomConfigOnlyCom1(t *testing.T) {
   br = "bn0"
   script = "/etc/xen/scripts/qemu-ifup"
   downscript = "no"
+  vhost = "on"
 
 [device "net1"]
   driver = "virtio-net-pci"
@@ -863,6 +867,7 @@ func TestCreateDomConfigOnlyCom1(t *testing.T) {
   br = "bn0"
   script = "/etc/xen/scripts/qemu-ifup"
   downscript = "no"
+  vhost = "on"
 
 [device "net0"]
   driver = "virtio-net-pci"
@@ -885,6 +890,7 @@ func TestCreateDomConfigOnlyCom1(t *testing.T) {
   br = "bn0"
   script = "/etc/xen/scripts/qemu-ifup"
   downscript = "no"
+  vhost = "on"
 
 [device "net1"]
   driver = "virtio-net-pci"
@@ -1352,6 +1358,7 @@ func domConfigArm64() string {
   br = "bn0"
   script = "/etc/xen/scripts/qemu-ifup"
   downscript = "no"
+  vhost = "on"
 
 [device "net0"]
   driver = "virtio-net-pci"
@@ -1374,6 +1381,7 @@ func domConfigArm64() string {
   br = "bn0"
   script = "/etc/xen/scripts/qemu-ifup"
   downscript = "no"
+  vhost = "on"
 
 [device "net1"]
   driver = "virtio-net-pci"
@@ -1649,6 +1657,7 @@ func domConfigAmd64FML() string {
   br = "bn0"
   script = "/etc/xen/scripts/qemu-ifup"
   downscript = "no"
+  vhost = "on"
 
 [device "net0"]
   driver = "virtio-net-pci"
@@ -1671,6 +1680,7 @@ func domConfigAmd64FML() string {
   br = "bn0"
   script = "/etc/xen/scripts/qemu-ifup"
   downscript = "no"
+  vhost = "on"
 
 [device "net1"]
   driver = "virtio-net-pci"
@@ -1950,6 +1960,7 @@ func domConfigAmd64Legacy() string {
   br = "bn0"
   script = "/etc/xen/scripts/qemu-ifup"
   downscript = "no"
+  vhost = "on"
 
 [device "net0"]
   driver = "e1000"
@@ -1972,6 +1983,7 @@ func domConfigAmd64Legacy() string {
   br = "bn0"
   script = "/etc/xen/scripts/qemu-ifup"
   downscript = "no"
+  vhost = "on"
 
 [device "net1"]
   driver = "e1000"
@@ -2234,6 +2246,7 @@ func domConfigAmd64() string {
   br = "bn0"
   script = "/etc/xen/scripts/qemu-ifup"
   downscript = "no"
+  vhost = "on"
 
 [device "net0"]
   driver = "virtio-net-pci"
@@ -2256,6 +2269,7 @@ func domConfigAmd64() string {
   br = "bn0"
   script = "/etc/xen/scripts/qemu-ifup"
   downscript = "no"
+  vhost = "on"
 
 [device "net1"]
   driver = "virtio-net-pci"
@@ -2520,6 +2534,7 @@ func domConfigContainerVNC() string {
   br = "bn0"
   script = "/etc/xen/scripts/qemu-ifup"
   downscript = "no"
+  vhost = "on"
 
 [device "net0"]
   driver = "virtio-net-pci"
@@ -2542,6 +2557,7 @@ func domConfigContainerVNC() string {
   br = "bn0"
   script = "/etc/xen/scripts/qemu-ifup"
   downscript = "no"
+  vhost = "on"
 
 [device "net1"]
   driver = "virtio-net-pci"