ISO: Bump Go version from 1.21.6 to 1.23.2

[spowelljr]

Our Go version in the ISO is too old and preventing us from updating deps (#19891):
go: go.mod requires go >= 1.22.0 (running go 1.21.6)

[k8s-ci-robot]

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[spowelljr]

ok-to-build-iso

[spowelljr]

ISO is failing to build due to Go 1.19.11 coming from somewhere

16:11:27 >>> host-go 1.23.2 Configuring
16:11:27 >>> host-go 1.23.2 Building
16:11:27 cd /home/jenkins/go/src/k8s.io/minikube/out/buildroot/output-aarch64/build/host-go-1.23.2/src && GO111MODULE=off GOCACHE=/home/jenkins/go/src/k8s.io/minikube/out/buildroot/output-aarch64/host/share/host-go-cache GOROOT_BOOTSTRAP=/home/jenkins/go/src/k8s.io/minikube/out/buildroot/output-aarch64/host/lib/go-1.19.11 GOROOT_FINAL=/home/jenkins/go/src/k8s.io/minikube/out/buildroot/output-aarch64/host/lib/go GOROOT="/home/jenkins/go/src/k8s.io/minikube/out/buildroot/output-aarch64/build/host-go-1.23.2" GOBIN="/home/jenkins/go/src/k8s.io/minikube/out/buildroot/output-aarch64/build/host-go-1.23.2/bin" GOOS=linux CC=/usr/bin/gcc CXX=/usr/bin/g++ CGO_ENABLED=1 CC_FOR_TARGET="/home/jenkins/go/src/k8s.io/minikube/out/buildroot/output-aarch64/host/bin/aarch64-minikube-linux-gnu-gcc" CXX_FOR_TARGET="/home/jenkins/go/src/k8s.io/minikube/out/buildroot/output-aarch64/host/bin/aarch64-minikube-linux-gnu-g++" GOOS="linux" GOARCH=arm64   GO_ASSUME_CROSSCOMPILING=1 ./make.bash 
16:11:28 Building Go cmd/dist using /home/jenkins/go/src/k8s.io/minikube/out/buildroot/output-aarch64/host/lib/go-1.19.11. (go1.19.11 linux/amd64)
16:11:28 found packages main (build.go) and building_Go_requires_Go_1_20_6_or_later (notgo120.go) in /home/jenkins/go/src/k8s.io/minikube/out/buildroot/output-aarch64/build/host-go-1.23.2/src/cmd/dist
16:11:28 make[2]: *** [package/pkg-generic.mk:283: /home/jenkins/go/src/k8s.io/minikube/out/buildroot/output-aarch64/build/host-go-1.23.2/.stamp_built] Error 1

[spowelljr]

go-bootstrap-stage3 was added to LTS Buildroot in 2024.02.7, we will need to update to at least that version to bump the go version to 1.22 or beyond.

[spowelljr]

Rolling this change into #18433