Bump kubeadm constants for kubernetes images #10256

Job	Run time
lint	4m 56s
unit_test	5m 24s
build_minikube	13m 41s
build_minikube_test_binaries	9m 36s
functional_docker_rootless_containerd_ubuntu	12m 59s
functional_docker_containerd_ubuntu	8m 1s
functional_baremetal_ubuntu20_04	7m 42s
functional_docker_ubuntu	9m 34s
functional_podman_ubuntu	11m 2s
functional_virtualbox_macos	6s
upload_all_reports	18s
	1h 23m 19s

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