Bump kubeadm constants for kubernetes images #12576

Job	Run time
build_minikube	8m 18s
build_minikube_test_binaries	4m 9s
lint	2m 46s
unit_test	1m 49s
functional_docker_ubuntu	6m 48s
functional_docker_containerd_ubuntu	9m 16s
functional_baremetal_ubuntu22_04	5m 23s
functional_docker_rootless_containerd_ubuntu	8m 18s
functional_podman_ubuntu	10m 52s
upload_all_reports	24s
	58m 3s

Provide feedback