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# toipe | ||
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> Otra prueba de tipeo, pero con sabor a cangrejo. | ||
> Un confiable evaluador de tipeo de terminal. | ||
> Mรกs informaciรณn: <https://github.com/Samyak2/toipe>. | ||
- Inicia el examen de tipeo con la lista de palabras por defecto: | ||
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`toipe` | ||
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- Usa una lista de palabras especรญfica: | ||
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`toipe {{-w|--wordlist}} {{nombre_de_la_lista}}` | ||
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- Utiliza una lista de palabras personalizada: | ||
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`toipe {{-f|--file}} {{ruta/al/archivo}}` | ||
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- Especifique el nรบmero de palabras de cada prueba: | ||
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`toipe {{-n|--num}} {{nรบmero_de_palabras}}` | ||
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- Incluya signos de puntuaciรณn: | ||
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`toipe {{-p|--punctuation}}` |
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# systool | ||
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> Vea informaciรณn de dispositivos del sistema por bus, y clases. | ||
> Este comando es parte del paquete `sysfs`. | ||
> Mรกs informaciรณn: <https://github.com/linux-ras/sysfsutils>. | ||
- Lista todos los atributos de los dispositivos de un bus (ej. `pci`, `usb`). Vea todos los buses usando `ls /sys/bus`: | ||
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`systool -b {{bus}} -v` | ||
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- Lista todos los atributos de una clase de dispositivos (ej. `drm`, `block`). Vea todas las clases usando `ls /sys/class`: | ||
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`systool -c {{clase}} -v` | ||
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- Mostrar solo los controladores de un bus (ej. `pci`, `usb`): | ||
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`systool -b {{bus}} -D` |
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# cal | ||
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> ํ์ฌ ๋ ์ง๊ฐ ๊ฐ์กฐ๋ ๋ฌ๋ ฅ์ ํ์ํฉ๋๋ค. | ||
> ๋ ๋ง์ ์ ๋ณด: <https://man.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?cal>. | ||
- ํ์ฌ ์์ ๋ฌ๋ ฅ ํ์: | ||
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`cal` | ||
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- ํน์ ์ฐ๋์ ๋ฌ๋ ฅ ํ์: | ||
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`cal {{์ฐ๋}}` | ||
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- ํน์ ์๊ณผ ์ฐ๋์ ๋ฌ๋ ฅ ํ์: | ||
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`cal {{์}} {{์ฐ๋}}` | ||
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- ํ์ฌ ์ฐ๋์ ์ ์ฒด ๋ฌ๋ ฅ ํ์: | ||
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`cal -y` | ||
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- ์ค๋์ ๊ฐ์กฐํ์ง ์๊ณ ๋ ์ง๋ฅผ ์ค์ฌ์ผ๋ก [3]๊ฐ์ ํ์: | ||
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`cal -h -3 {{์}} {{์ฐ๋}}` | ||
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- ํ์ฌ ์ฐ๋์ ํน์ ์์ ์ด์ 2๊ฐ์๊ณผ ์ดํ 3๊ฐ์ ํ์: | ||
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`cal -A 3 -B 2 {{์}}` | ||
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- ์จ๋ฆฌ์ฐ์ค๋ ฅ ๋ ์ง ํ์ (1๋ถํฐ ์์ํ์ฌ 1์ 1์ผ๋ถํฐ ๋ฒํธ ๋งค๊น): | ||
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`cal -j` |
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# chfn | ||
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> ์ด ๋ช ๋ น์ด๋ `chpass`์ ์์ผ๋ฆฌ์ด์ค (๋ณ์นญ) ์ ๋๋ค. | ||
- ์๋ณธ ๋ช ๋ น์ ๋ํ๋ฉํ ์ด์ (์ค๋ช ์) ๋ณด๊ธฐ: | ||
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`tldr chpass` |
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# chpass | ||
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> ์ฌ์ฉ์ ๋ฐ์ดํฐ๋ฒ ์ด์ค ์ ๋ณด, ๋ก๊ทธ์ธ ์ ๋ฐ ๋น๋ฐ๋ฒํธ๋ฅผ ์ถ๊ฐํ๊ฑฐ๋ ๋ณ๊ฒฝํฉ๋๋ค. | ||
> ๊ฐ์ด ๋ณด๊ธฐ: `passwd`. | ||
> ๋ ๋ง์ ์ ๋ณด: <https://man.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?chpass>. | ||
- ํ์ฌ ์ฌ์ฉ์์ ์ฌ์ฉ์ ๋ฐ์ดํฐ๋ฒ ์ด์ค ์ ๋ณด๋ฅผ ๋ํ์์ผ๋ก ์ถ๊ฐํ๊ฑฐ๋ ๋ณ๊ฒฝ: | ||
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`su -c chpass` | ||
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- ํ์ฌ ์ฌ์ฉ์์ ๋ก๊ทธ์ธ ์ ์ค์ : | ||
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`chpass -s {{๊ฒฝ๋ก/๋์/์}}` | ||
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- ํน์ ์ฌ์ฉ์์ ๋ก๊ทธ์ธ ์ ์ค์ : | ||
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`chpass -s {{๊ฒฝ๋ก/๋์/์}} {{์ฌ์ฉ์๋ช }}` | ||
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- ๊ณ์ ๋ง๋ฃ ์๊ฐ ๋ณ๊ฒฝ (์ํฌํฌ๋ก๋ถํฐ ์ด ๋จ์, UTC): | ||
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`su -c 'chpass -e {{์๊ฐ}} {{์ฌ์ฉ์๋ช }}'` | ||
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- ์ฌ์ฉ์ ๋น๋ฐ๋ฒํธ ๋ณ๊ฒฝ: | ||
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`su -c 'chpass -p {{์ํธํ๋_๋น๋ฐ๋ฒํธ}} {{์ฌ์ฉ์๋ช }}'` | ||
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- ์กฐํํ NIS ์๋ฒ์ ํธ์คํธ๋ช ๋๋ ์ฃผ์ ์ง์ : | ||
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`su -c 'chpass -h {{ํธ์คํธ๋ช }} {{์ฌ์ฉ์๋ช }}'` | ||
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- ํน์ NIS ๋๋ฉ์ธ ์ง์ (๊ธฐ๋ณธ๊ฐ์ ์์คํ ๋๋ฉ์ธ ์ด๋ฆ): | ||
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`su -c 'chpass -d {{๋๋ฉ์ธ}} {{์ฌ์ฉ์๋ช }}'` |
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# chsh | ||
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> ์ด ๋ช ๋ น์ด๋ `chpass`์ ์์ผ๋ฆฌ์ด์ค (๋ณ์นญ) ์ ๋๋ค. | ||
- ์๋ณธ ๋ช ๋ น์ ๋ํ๋ฉํ ์ด์ (์ค๋ช ์) ๋ณด๊ธฐ: | ||
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`tldr chpass` |
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# df | ||
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> ํ์ผ ์์คํ ๋์คํฌ ๊ณต๊ฐ ์ฌ์ฉ๋ ๊ฐ์๋ฅผ ํ์ํฉ๋๋ค. | ||
> ๋ ๋ง์ ์ ๋ณด: <https://man.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?df>. | ||
- 512๋ฐ์ดํธ ๋จ์๋ก ๋ชจ๋ ํ์ผ ์์คํ ๊ณผ ๋์คํฌ ์ฌ์ฉ๋ ํ์: | ||
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`df` | ||
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- [h]uman-readable(1024์ ๊ฑฐ๋ญ์ ๊ณฑ์ ๊ธฐ๋ฐํ) ๋จ์๋ฅผ ์ฌ์ฉํด ์ดํฉ ํ์: | ||
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`df -h -c` | ||
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- [H]uman-readable(1000์ ๊ฑฐ๋ญ์ ๊ณฑ์ ๊ธฐ๋ฐํ) ๋จ์ ์ฌ์ฉ: | ||
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`df -{{-si|H}}` | ||
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- ์ฃผ์ด์ง ํ์ผ ๋๋ ๋๋ ํ ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ํฌํจํ๋ ํ์ผ ์์คํ ๋ฐ ๋์คํฌ ์ฌ์ฉ๋ ํ์: | ||
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`df {{๊ฒฝ๋ก/๋์/ํ์ผ_๋๋_ํด๋}}` | ||
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- [i]๋ ธ๋์ ์ ๋ฐ ์ฌ์ฉ๋ ๋ ธ๋ ์๋ฅผ ํฌํจํด ํ์ผ ์์คํ [T]ypes์ ๋ํ ํต๊ณ ํฌํจ: | ||
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`df -iT` | ||
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- ๊ณต๊ฐ ๊ฐ์ ์ธ ๋ 1024๋ฐ์ดํธ ๋จ์ ์ฌ์ฉํ๊ธฐ: | ||
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`df -k` | ||
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- [P]ortableํ ๋ฐฉ์์ผ๋ก ์ ๋ณด ํ์: | ||
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`df -P` |
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# look | ||
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> ์ ๋ ฌ๋ ํ์ผ์์ ์ ๋์ฌ๋ก ์์ํ๋ ์ค์ ํ์ํฉ๋๋ค. | ||
> ๊ฐ์ด ๋ณด๊ธฐ: `grep`, `sort`. | ||
> ๋ ๋ง์ ์ ๋ณด: <https://man.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?look>. | ||
- ํน์ ํ์ผ์์ ํน์ ์ ๋์ฌ๋ก ์์ํ๋ ์ค์ ๊ฒ์: | ||
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`look {{์ ๋์ฌ}} {{๊ฒฝ๋ก/๋์/ํ์ผ}}` | ||
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- ์ํ๋ฒณ๊ณผ ์ซ์๋ง ๋์๋ฌธ์๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ๋ถํ์ง ์๊ณ ๊ฒ์: | ||
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`look {{-f|--ignore-case}} {{-d|--alphanum}} {{์ ๋์ฌ}} {{๊ฒฝ๋ก/๋์/ํ์ผ}}` | ||
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- ์ข ๊ฒฐ ๋ฌธ์ ์ง์ (๊ธฐ๋ณธ๊ฐ์ ๊ณต๋ฐฑ): | ||
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`look {{-t|--terminate}} {{,}}` | ||
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- `/usr/share/dict/words`์์ ๊ฒ์ (`--ignore-case` ๋ฐ `--alphanum`์ด ๊ฐ์ ๋จ): | ||
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`look {{์ ๋์ฌ}}` |
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# pkg | ||
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> FreeBSD ํจํค์ง ๊ด๋ฆฌ์์ ๋๋ค. | ||
> ๋ ๋ง์ ์ ๋ณด: <https://man.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pkg&sektion=8>. | ||
- ์ ํจํค์ง ์ค์น: | ||
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`pkg install {{ํจํค์ง}}` | ||
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- ํจํค์ง ์ญ์ : | ||
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`pkg delete {{ํจํค์ง}}` | ||
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- ๋ชจ๋ ํจํค์ง ์ ๊ทธ๋ ์ด๋: | ||
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`pkg upgrade` | ||
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- ํจํค์ง ๊ฒ์: | ||
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`pkg search {{ํค์๋}}` | ||
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- ์ค์น๋ ํจํค์ง ๋ชฉ๋ก: | ||
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`pkg info` | ||
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- ํ์์๋ ์์กด์ฑ ์ ๊ฑฐ: | ||
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`pkg autoremove` |
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# sed | ||
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> ์คํฌ๋ฆฝํธ๋ก ํ ์คํธ๋ฅผ ํธ์งํฉ๋๋ค. | ||
> ๊ฐ์ด ๋ณด๊ธฐ: `awk`, `ed`. | ||
> ๋ ๋ง์ ์ ๋ณด: <https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?sed>. | ||
- ๋ชจ๋ ์ ๋ ฅ ๋ผ์ธ์์ `apple` (๊ธฐ๋ณธ ์ ๊ทํํ์)์ `mango` (๊ธฐ๋ณธ ์ ๊ทํํ์)๋ก ๋์ฒดํ๊ณ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ `stdout`์ ์ธ์: | ||
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`{{๋ช ๋ น}} | sed 's/apple/mango/g'` | ||
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- ํน์ ์คํฌ๋ฆฝํธ [f]ํ์ผ์ ์คํํ๊ณ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ `stdout`์ ์ธ์: | ||
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`{{๋ช ๋ น}} | sed -f {{๊ฒฝ๋ก/๋์/์คํฌ๋ฆฝํธ.sed}}` | ||
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- ๊ด๋ จ `w` ํจ์ ๋๋ ํ๋๊ทธ๊ฐ ํฌํจ๋ ๋ช ๋ น์ด ์ ๋ ฅ ์ค์ ์ ์ฉ๋ ๋๊น์ง ๊ฐ ํ์ผ ์ด๊ธฐ ์ง์ฐ: | ||
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`{{๋ช ๋ น}} | sed -fa {{๊ฒฝ๋ก/๋์/์คํฌ๋ฆฝํธ.sed}}` | ||
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- ๋ชจ๋ ์ ๋ ฅ ๋ผ์ธ์์ `apple` (ํ์ฅ ์ ๊ทํํ์)์ `APPLE` (ํ์ฅ ์ ๊ทํํ์)๋ก ๋์ฒดํ๊ณ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ `stdout`์ ์ธ์: | ||
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`{{๋ช ๋ น}} | sed -E 's/(apple)/\U\1/g'` | ||
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- ์ฒซ ๋ฒ์งธ ์ค๋ง `stdout`์ ์ธ์: | ||
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`{{๋ช ๋ น}} | sed -n '1p'` | ||
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- ํน์ ํ์ผ์์ `apple` (๊ธฐ๋ณธ ์ ๊ทํํ์)์ `mango` (๊ธฐ๋ณธ ์ ๊ทํํ์)๋ก ๋ชจ๋ ๋์ฒดํ๊ณ ์๋ณธ ํ์ผ ๋ฎ์ด์ฐ๊ธฐ: | ||
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`sed -i 's/apple/mango/g' {{๊ฒฝ๋ก/๋์/ํ์ผ}}` |
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# sockstat | ||
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> ์คํ๋ ์ธํฐ๋ท ๋๋ UNIX ๋๋ฉ์ธ ์์ผ์ ๋์ดํฉ๋๋ค. | ||
> ๋ ๋ง์ ์ ๋ณด: <https://man.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?sockstat>. | ||
- ์ด๋ค ์ฌ์ฉ์/ํ๋ก์ธ์ค๊ฐ ์ด๋ค ํฌํธ์์ [l]isteningํ๋์ง ๋ณด๊ธฐ: | ||
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`sockstat -l` | ||
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- ํน์ [p]ort์์ ์ฌ์ฉ ์ค์ธ IPv[4]/IPv[6] ์์ผ ์ ๋ณด ๋ณด๊ธฐ, ํน์ [P]rotocol ์ฌ์ฉ: | ||
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`sockstat -{{4|6}} -l -P {{tcp|udp|sctp|divert}} -p {{port1,port2...}}` | ||
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- [c]onnected ์์ผ๋ ํ์, ์ซ์ํ์์ UID๋ฅผ ์ฌ์ฉ์ ์ด๋ฆ์ผ๋ก ํด์ํ์ง ์๊ณ [w]ider ํ๋ ํฌ๊ธฐ ์ฌ์ฉ: | ||
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`sockstat -cnw` | ||
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- ํน์ [j]ail ID ๋๋ ์ด๋ฆ์ ์ํ๋ ์์ผ๋ง [v]erbose ๋ชจ๋๋ก ํ์: | ||
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`sockstat -jv` | ||
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- ํ๋กํ ์ฝ [s]tate ๋ฐ ์๊ฒฉ [U]DP ์บก์ํ ํฌํธ ๋ฒํธ ํ์ (ํ์ฌ SCTP ๋ฐ TCP์๋ง ๊ตฌํ๋จ): | ||
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`sockstat -sU` | ||
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- [C]ongestion control ๋ชจ๋ ๋ฐ ํ๋กํ ์ฝ [S]tack ํ์ (ํ์ฌ TCP์๋ง ๊ตฌํ๋จ): | ||
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`sockstat -CS` | ||
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- ๋ก์ปฌ ๋ฐ ์ธ๋ถ ์ฃผ์๊ฐ ๋ฃจํ๋ฐฑ ๋คํธ์ํฌ ์ ๋์ด 127.0.0.0/8์ด ์๋๊ฑฐ๋ IPv6 ๋ฃจํ๋ฐฑ ์ฃผ์ ::1์ ํฌํจํ์ง ์๋ ๊ฒฝ์ฐ์๋ง ์ธํฐ๋ท ์์ผ ํ์: | ||
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`sockstat -L` | ||
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- ํค๋๋ฅผ ํ์ํ์ง ์์ ([q]uiet ๋ชจ๋), [u]nix ์์ผ ํ์ํ๊ณ `inp_gencnt` ํ์: | ||
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`sockstat -qui` |
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# ypchfn | ||
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> ์ด ๋ช ๋ น์ด๋ `chpass`์ ์์ผ๋ฆฌ์ด์ค (๋ณ์นญ) ์ ๋๋ค. | ||
- ์๋ณธ ๋ช ๋ น์ ๋ํ๋ฉํ ์ด์ (์ค๋ช ์) ๋ณด๊ธฐ: | ||
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`tldr chpass` |
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# ypchpass | ||
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> ์ด ๋ช ๋ น์ด๋ `chpass`์ ์์ผ๋ฆฌ์ด์ค (๋ณ์นญ) ์ ๋๋ค. | ||
- ์๋ณธ ๋ช ๋ น์ ๋ํ๋ฉํ ์ด์ (์ค๋ช ์) ๋ณด๊ธฐ: | ||
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`tldr chpass` |
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# ypchsh | ||
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> ์ด ๋ช ๋ น์ด๋ `chpass`์ ์์ผ๋ฆฌ์ด์ค (๋ณ์นญ) ์ ๋๋ค. | ||
- ์๋ณธ ๋ช ๋ น์ ๋ํ๋ฉํ ์ด์ (์ค๋ช ์) ๋ณด๊ธฐ: | ||
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`tldr chpass` |
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# cal | ||
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> ๋ฌ๋ ฅ์ ํ์ํฉ๋๋ค. | ||
> ๋ ๋ง์ ์ ๋ณด: <https://man.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?cal>. | ||
- ํ์ฌ ์์ ๋ฌ๋ ฅ ํ์: | ||
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`cal` | ||
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- ํน์ ์ฐ๋์ ๋ฌ๋ ฅ ํ์: | ||
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`cal {{์ฐ๋}}` | ||
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- ํน์ ์๊ณผ ์ฐ๋์ ๋ฌ๋ ฅ ํ์: | ||
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`cal {{์}} {{์ฐ๋}}` | ||
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- 1๋ถํฐ ์์ํ๋ ์จ๋ฆฌ์ฐ์ค๋ ฅ์ ์ฌ์ฉํด ํ์ฌ ์ฐ๋์ ์ ์ฒด ๋ฌ๋ ฅ ํ์: | ||
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`cal -y -j` | ||
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- ์ค๋์ ๊ฐ์กฐํ๊ณ ๋ ์ง๋ฅผ ํฌํจํด 3๊ฐ์ ํ์: | ||
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`cal -h -3 {{์}} {{์ฐ๋}}` | ||
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- ํ์ฌ ์ฐ๋์ ํน์ ์์ ์ด์ 2๊ฐ์๊ณผ ์ดํ 3๊ฐ์ ํ์: | ||
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`cal -A 3 -B 2 {{์}}` | ||
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- ์ง์ ํ ์์ ์ด์ ๋ฐ ์ดํ์ ์ ์๋ฅผ ์ง์ : | ||
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`cal -C {{์ ์}} {{์}}` | ||
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- ์ฃผ์ ์์ ์์ผ์ ์ง์ (0: ์ผ์์ผ, 1: ์์์ผ, ..., 6: ํ ์์ผ): | ||
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`cal -d {{0..6}}` |
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# chfn | ||
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> ์ด ๋ช ๋ น์ด๋ `chpass`์ ์์ผ๋ฆฌ์ด์ค (๋ณ์นญ) ์ ๋๋ค. | ||
- ์๋ณธ ๋ช ๋ น์ ๋ํ๋ฉํ ์ด์ (์ค๋ช ์) ๋ณด๊ธฐ: | ||
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`tldr chpass` |
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# chpass | ||
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> ์ฌ์ฉ์ ๋ฐ์ดํฐ๋ฒ ์ด์ค ์ ๋ณด, ๋ก๊ทธ์ธ ์ ธ ๋ฐ ๋น๋ฐ๋ฒํธ๋ฅผ ์ถ๊ฐํ๊ฑฐ๋ ๋ณ๊ฒฝํฉ๋๋ค. | ||
> ๊ฐ์ด ๋ณด๊ธฐ: `passwd`. | ||
> ๋ ๋ง์ ์ ๋ณด: <https://man.openbsd.org/chsh>. | ||
- ํ์ฌ ์ฌ์ฉ์์๊ฒ ํน์ ๋ก๊ทธ์ธ ์ ธ์ ๋ํ์์ผ๋ก ์ค์ : | ||
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`su -c chpass` | ||
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- ํ์ฌ ์ฌ์ฉ์์๊ฒ ํน์ ๋ก๊ทธ์ธ ์ ธ ์ค์ : | ||
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`chpass -s {{๊ฒฝ๋ก/๋์/์ ธ}}` | ||
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- ํน์ ์ฌ์ฉ์์๊ฒ ๋ก๊ทธ์ธ ์ ธ ์ค์ : | ||
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`chpass chsh -s {{๊ฒฝ๋ก/๋์/์ ธ}} {{์ฌ์ฉ์๋ช }}` | ||
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- `passwd` ํ์ผ ํ์์ผ๋ก ์ฌ์ฉ์ ๋ฐ์ดํฐ๋ฒ ์ด์ค ํญ๋ชฉ ์ง์ : | ||
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`su -c 'chpass -a {{์ฌ์ฉ์๋ช :์ํธํ๋_๋น๋ฐ๋ฒํธ:uid:gid:...}} -s {{๊ฒฝ๋ก/๋์/ํ์ผ}}' {{์ฌ์ฉ์๋ช }}` | ||
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- ๋ก์ปฌ ๋น๋ฐ๋ฒํธ ํ์ผ๋ง ์ ๋ฐ์ดํธ: | ||
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`su -c 'chpass -l -s {{๊ฒฝ๋ก/๋์/์ ธ}}' {{์ฌ์ฉ์๋ช }}` | ||
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- ๋ฐ์ดํฐ๋ฒ ์ด์ค [y]P ๋น๋ฐ๋ฒํธ ๋ฐ์ดํฐ๋ฒ ์ด์ค ํญ๋ชฉ์ ๊ฐ์ ๋ก ๋ณ๊ฒฝ: | ||
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`su -c 'chpass -y -s {{๊ฒฝ๋ก/๋์/์ ธ}}' {{์ฌ์ฉ์๋ช }}` |
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# chsh | ||
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> ์ด ๋ช ๋ น์ด๋ `chpass`์ ์์ผ๋ฆฌ์ด์ค (๋ณ์นญ) ์ ๋๋ค. | ||
- ์๋ณธ ๋ช ๋ น์ ๋ํ๋ฉํ ์ด์ (์ค๋ช ์) ๋ณด๊ธฐ: | ||
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`tldr chpass` |
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