This directory contains libraries and example applications for developing Tock apps that sit above the kernel.
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If you have not yet done so, it might be a good idea to start with the TockOS getting started guide, which will lead you through the installation of some tools that will be useful for developing and deploying applications on TockOS. In particular, it will give you a rust environment (required to install
elf2tab
) andtockloader
, which you need to deploy applications on most boards.And it will of course give you a board with TockOS installed which you can use to run the applications found in this repository.
So, if you haven't been there before, just head over there until it sends you back here.
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Clone this repository.
$ git clone https://github.com/tock/libtock-c $ cd libtock-c
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The main requirement to build the C applications in this repository is having cross compilers for embedded targets. You will need an
arm-none-eabi
toolchain for Cortex-M targets.MacOS:
$ brew tap ARMmbed/homebrew-formulae && brew update && brew install arm-none-eabi-gcc
Ubuntu (18.04LTS or later):
$ sudo apt install gcc-arm-none-eabi
Arch:
$ sudo pacman -Syu arm-none-eabi-gcc
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Optional: libtock-c also includes support for building for RISC-V targets. These are not included by default since obtaining the toolchain can be difficult (as of June 2020). You will need a
riscv64-unknown-elf
GCC toolchain that supports rv32 targets as well (i.e. is compiled with multilib support).To actually build for the RISC-V targets, add
RISCV=1
to the make command:$ make RISCV=1
MacOS:
$ brew tap riscv/riscv && brew update && brew install riscv-gnu-toolchain --with-multilib
Warning: this will compile from source, and takes a while. Also this will build a bleeding-edge version of GCC, and there is a small chance it will not work. However, we have successfully obtained a toolchain this way.
Ubuntu (19.10 or later):
$ sudo apt install gcc-riscv64-unknown-elf
Unfortunately, Ubuntu does not currently (June 2020) provide a package for RISC-V libc. We have created a .deb file you can use to install a suitable libc based on newlib:
$ wget http://cs.virginia.edu/~bjc8c/archive/newlib_3.3.0-1_amd64.deb $ sudo dpkg -i newlib_3.3.0-1_amd64.deb
If you would rather compile your own newlib-based libc, follow the steps below. Section [newlib-nano][newlib-nano] describes some extra config options to build a size optimised newlib.
# Download newlib 3.3 from https://sourceware.org/newlib/ wget ftp://sourceware.org/pub/newlib/newlib-3.3.0.tar.gz tar -xvf newlib-3.3.0.tar.gz cd newlib-3.3.0 # Disable stdlib for building export CFLAGS=-nostdlib # Run configure ./configure --disable-newlib-supplied-syscalls --with-gnu-ld --with-newlib --enable-languages=c --target=riscv64-unknown-elf --host=x86 --disable-multi-lib --prefix /usr # Build and then install make -j8 sudo make install
Alternatively, you may use a pre-compiled toolchain that we created with Crosstool-NG.
$ wget http://cs.virginia.edu/~bjc8c/archive/gcc-riscv64-unknown-elf-8.3.0-ubuntu.zip $ unzip gcc-riscv64-unknown-elf-8.3.0-ubuntu.zip # add gcc-riscv64-unknown-elf-8.3.0-ubuntu/bin to your `$PATH` variable.
Arch:
$ sudo pacman -Syu riscv64-elf-gcc riscv32-elf-newlib
newlib-nano:
newlib can require a large amount of memory, espicially for printing. If this is a concern you can instead use a more size optimised version. As of August 2020 there are a few options for this. * See if the version of newlib from your distro already has the flags below enabled. If it does it's already size optimsed. * See if your distro pacakges a newlib-nano (Debian does this) that will already include the flags below. * See if your distro packages picolibc, which is a optimised fork of newlib. * You can compile newlib with these extra flags:
--enable-newlib-reent-small \ --disable-newlib-fvwrite-in-streamio \ --disable-newlib-fseek-optimization \ --disable-newlib-wide-orient \ --enable-newlib-nano-malloc \ --disable-newlib-unbuf-stream-opt \ --enable-lite-exit \ --enable-newlib-global-atexit \ --enable-newlib-nano-formatted-io
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Optional: libtock-c also includes support for building RISC-V targets with the LLVM clang compiler. If you have a compatible clang toolchain, you can add
CLANG=1
to the make command to use clang instead of the default GCC.$ make RISCV=1 CLANG=1
This support is only included for RISC-V targets as Cortex-M targets require the FDPIC support only present in GCC.
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You will also need an up-to-date version of elf2tab. The build system will install and update this automatically for you, but you'll need Rust's cargo installed. If you have followed the getting started guide, everything should be in place.
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You will also likely need Tockloader, a tool for programming apps onto boards. If you haven't installed it during the TockOS getting started guide:
MacOS:
$ pip3 install tockloader
Ubuntu:
$ pip3 install tockloader --user
To compile all the examples, switch to the examples
directory and
execute the build script:
$ cd examples
$ ./build_all.sh
This will install elf2tab
if it is not yet installed and compile all the
examples for cortex-m0, cortex-m3, cortex-m4, cortex-m7, and rv32imac. It does
this because the compiler emits slightly (or significantly) different
instructions for each variant. When installing the application, tockloader
will select the correct version for the architecture of the board being
programmed.
The build process will ultimately create a tab
file (a "Tock Application
Bundle") for each example application. The tab
contains the
executable code for the supported architectures and can be
deployed to a board using tockloader
. For example to one of the
Nordic development boards:
$ tockloader install --board nrf52dk --jlink blink/build/blink.tab
Installing apps on the board...
Using known arch and jtag-device for known board nrf52dk
Finished in 2.567 seconds
You can remove an application with
$ tockloader uninstall --board nrf52dk --jlink blink
or remove all installed applications with
$ tockloader uninstall --board nrf52dk --jlink
Tock applications are designed to be generic and run on any Tock-compatible
board. However, compiled applications typically depend on specific drivers,
which not all boards provide. For example, some applications expect an IEEE
802.15.4 radio interface which not all boards support. If you load an
application onto a board that does not support every driver/system call it
uses, some system calls will return error codes (ENODEVICE
or ENOSUPPORT
).
The next step is to read the overview that describes how applications in TockOS are structured and then look at some of the examples in detail. The description of the compilation environment may also be of interest.
Licensed under either of
- Apache License, Version 2.0 (LICENSE-APACHE or http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0)
- MIT license (LICENSE-MIT or http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT)
at your option.
We welcome contributions from all. We use the bors-ng bot to manage, approve,
and merge PRs. In short, when someone replies bors r+
, your PR has been
approved and will be automatically merged. If a maintainer replies
bors delegate+
, then you have been granted the authority to mark your own
PR for approval (usually this will happen if there are some trivial changes
required). For a full list of bors commands,
see the bors documentation.
Unless you explicitly state otherwise, any contribution intentionally submitted for inclusion in the work by you, as defined in the Apache-2.0 license, shall be dual licensed as above, without any additional terms or conditions.