Add black caching [ci] (#99967) #147863

Job	Run time
Collect information & changes data	17s
Prepare pre-commit base	17s
Prepare dependencies (3.11)	12s
Check mypy	34s
Check all requirements	30s
Check hassfest	52s
Check pylint	13m 2s
Check other linters	1m 14s
Check ruff	27s
Check black	5m 4s
Run postgres:12.14 tests Python 3.11	10m 27s
Run postgres:15.2 tests Python 3.11	14m 19s
Run tests Python 3.11 (1)	19m 43s
Run tests Python 3.11 (2)	22m 43s
Run tests Python 3.11 (3)	19m 48s
Run tests Python 3.11 (4)	21m 1s
Run tests Python 3.11 (5)	18m 42s
Run tests Python 3.11 (6)	19m 54s
Run tests Python 3.11 (7)	21m 51s
Run tests Python 3.11 (8)	22m 42s
Run tests Python 3.11 (9)	20m 19s
Run tests Python 3.11 (10)	18m 40s
Run mariadb:10.3.32 tests Python 3.11	11m 53s
Run mariadb:10.6.10 tests Python 3.11	9m 38s
Run mariadb:10.10.3 tests Python 3.11	14m 56s
Run mysql:8.0.32 tests Python 3.11	14m 2s
Upload test coverage to Codecov	1s
	5h 3m 8s

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