Vaccines outline

content/20.pharmaceuticals.md

@@ -790,6 +790,8 @@ Dendritic cells are potent antigen-presenting immune cells that easily take up m
 Ultimately, primed T follicular helper cells can stimulate germinal center B cells that also present the viral antigen to produce antibodies against the virus [@doi:10.1016/j.immuni.2014.10.004].
 These cells are isolated from the patient, grown and transfected _ex vivo_, and reintroduced to the patient [@doi:10.1038/nrd.2017.243].
 
+####### ModernaTX mRNA Vaccine
+
 mRNA-1273 was the first COVID-19 vaccine to enter a phase I clinical in the United States.
 ModernaTX, Inc. is currently spearheading an investigation on the immunogenicity and reactogenicity of mRNA-1273, a conventional lipid nanoparticle encapsulated RNA encoding a full-length prefusion stabilized spike (S) protein for SARS-CoV-2 [@clinicaltrials:NCT04283461].
 In a study that is ongoing, forty-five participants were enrolled and given intramuscular injections of mRNA-1273 in their deltoid muscle on day 1 and day 29, and then followed for the next twelve months.
@@ -809,7 +811,36 @@ As of August 2020, placebo-blinded and randomized results for mRNA vaccines are
 In the dose ranging study, even the lowest dose of 25 μg of mRNA-1273 appeared to be sufficient to induce an immunogenicity profile comparable to that observed in convalescent plasma and appeared to be well tolerated among the population of healthy, non-pregnant participants from 18-55 years of age.
 Based on the preliminary results from mRNA-1273 [@doi:10.1056/NEJMoa2022483], a new trial aims to enroll 30,000 participants who will be randomized for two injections of 100 μg of mRNA-1273 or placebo, again spaced 28 days apart [@clinicaltrials:NCT04470427].
 
-##### Adjuvants for Vaccines
+###### Pfizer/BioNTech BNT162b2
+
+###### Viral Vector Vaccines
+
+####### COVID-19 Vaccine AstraZeneca
+
+####### Sputnik-V
+
+####### Janssen’s Ad26.COV2-S
+
+###### Inactivated Whole Virus Vaccines
+
+<!--Rephrase to match figure? Or rephrase figure?-->
+
+####### SinoVac's CoronaVac
+<!--https://www.thelancet.com/journals/laninf/article/PIIS1473-3099(20)30843-4/fulltext-->
+
+####### Sinopharm (2 candidates)
+
+###### Protein Subunit Vaccines
+
+<!--Do we need to add this to the figure? Or does it fall in one of the other categories?-->
+
+####### Novavax NVX-CoV2373
+
+###### Vaccine Development Summary
+
+##### Complementary Approaches to Vaccine Development
+
+###### Adjuvants for Vaccines
 
 Adjuvants include a variety of molecules or larger microbial-related products that have an effect on the immune system or an immune response of interest.
 They can either be comprised of or contain immunostimulants or immunomodulators.
@@ -820,7 +851,7 @@ A variety of possible mechanisms for adjuvants have been researched [@doi:10.103
 Selection of one or more adjuvants requires considering how to promote the advantageous effects of the components and/or immune response and, likewise, to inhibit possible deleterious effects.
 There are also considerations related to the method of delivering (or co-delivering) the adjuvant and antigen components of a vaccine.
 
-##### Trained Immunity
+###### Trained Immunity
 
 Another approach that is being investigated explores the potential for vaccines that are not made from the SARS-CoV-2 virus to confer what has been termed trained immunity. 
 In a recent review [@doi:10.1038/s41577-020-0285-6], trained immunity was defined as forms of memory that are temporary (e.g., months or years) and reversible.