Commodore 64 BASIC and KERNAL Source

This repository contains the Commodore 64 BASIC and KERNAL source in a format that is easy to edit and can be built using modern tools on modern systems. It is derived from the original sources, with all original symbols and comments intact.

Building

• Requires
  • cc65.
  • make, Python, crc32
• Use make to build.
• The resulting files are
  • basic.bin ($A000-$BFFF): identical with basic.901226-01.bin
  • kernal.bin ($E000-$FFFF): identical with kernal.901227-03.bin

Modifying

The major parts of KERNAL reside in their own segments that will always be linked to their original addresses, so if you want to remove tape or RS232 support, for example, the other sections will still remain where they should be in the image.

Checksums

Commodore built all ROMs so that the 8 bit checksum matches the upper 8 bits of the location in the address space, e.g. BASIC is located at $A000, so its checksum has to be $A0. There is one "checksum adjust byte" at a dedicated location in every ROM that is updated after the build to cause the correct checksum. In BASIC, this is at $BF52 (CKSMA0) and in KERNAL, it's at $E4AC.

The algorithm looks like this:

10 A=0:C=0
20 FOR I=16384 TO 24575
30 B=PEEK(I)
40 A=A+B+C:C=0
50 IF A>255 THEN A=A-256:C=1
60 NEXT
70 PRINTA

Starting in 1983 though, they started using a slightly different algorithm (that adds the final carry) with most ROMs:

65 A=A+C

The only version of C64 BASIC is from 1982 and uses the old checksum. The -03 version of the KERNAL is from 1983 and uses the new checksum.

Any ROMs after 1983 (so also all ROMs we create today) should be checksummed using the new algorithm. The Makefile will use the old algorithm on BASIC if it's unchanged from the 901226-01 version, otherwise it will use the new algorithm. The KERNAL checksum will always use the new algorithm.

Credits

This version is maintained by Michael Steil [email protected], www.pagetable.com

Unofficial patches

This repository includes unofficial patches to the BASIC and KERNAL ROMs.

Added patches:

• Remove extra space when printing positve numbers (Robin @ 8-Bit Show and Tell)
• Remove extra space in "ERROR" messages and two extra in "BREAK ERROR" (Robin @ 8-Bit Show and Tell)
• Don't count 1 extra jiffy per 24 hour day. (Robin @ 8-Bit Show and Tell)
• Assigning TI$ should only accept numbers. (Robin @ 8-Bit Show and Tell)
• Placeholder for your favorite patch...

See additional comments in the source code / diffs.

In order to build the version with the unofficial patches you need to add ASFLAGS=-DENABLE_PATCHES to the make command. The example below also shows overriding the SHELL variable since the Makefile uses it and it breaks if your shell is something like fish.

$ env SHELL=/bin/bash make ASFLAGS=-DENABLE_PATCHES