Change legacy string formatting to f-strings (#1374)

fsspec/archive.py

@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ class AbstractArchiveFileSystem(AbstractFileSystem):
     """
 
     def __str__(self):
-        return "<Archive-like object %s at %s>" % (type(self).__name__, id(self))
+        return f"<Archive-like object {type(self).__name__} at {id(self)}>"
 
     __repr__ = __str__
 

fsspec/asyn.py

@@ -426,7 +426,7 @@ async def _process_limits(self, url, start, end):
                 end = ""
             if isinstance(end, numbers.Integral):
                 end -= 1  # bytes range is inclusive
-        return "bytes=%s-%s" % (start, end)
+        return f"bytes={start}-{end}"
 
     async def _cat_file(self, path, start=None, end=None, **kwargs):
         raise NotImplementedError

fsspec/caching.py

@@ -222,8 +222,9 @@ def __init__(self, blocksize, fetcher, size, maxblocks=32):
         self._fetch_block_cached = functools.lru_cache(maxblocks)(self._fetch_block)
 
     def __repr__(self):
-        return "<BlockCache blocksize={}, size={}, nblocks={}>".format(
-            self.blocksize, self.size, self.nblocks
+        return (
+            f"<BlockCache blocksize={self.blocksize}, "
+            f"size={self.size}, nblocks={self.nblocks}>"
         )
 
     def cache_info(self):
@@ -277,9 +278,8 @@ def _fetch_block(self, block_number):
         """
         if block_number > self.nblocks:
             raise ValueError(
-                "'block_number={}' is greater than the number of blocks ({})".format(
-                    block_number, self.nblocks
-                )
+                f"'block_number={block_number}' is greater than "
+                f"the number of blocks ({self.nblocks})"
             )
 
         start = block_number * self.blocksize
@@ -606,8 +606,9 @@ def __init__(self, blocksize, fetcher, size, maxblocks=32):
         self._fetch_future_lock = threading.Lock()
 
     def __repr__(self):
-        return "<BackgroundBlockCache blocksize={}, size={}, nblocks={}>".format(
-            self.blocksize, self.size, self.nblocks
+        return (
+            f"<BackgroundBlockCache blocksize={self.blocksize}, "
+            f"size={self.size}, nblocks={self.nblocks}>"
         )
 
     def cache_info(self):
@@ -719,9 +720,8 @@ def _fetch_block(self, block_number, log_info="sync"):
         """
         if block_number > self.nblocks:
             raise ValueError(
-                "'block_number={}' is greater than the number of blocks ({})".format(
-                    block_number, self.nblocks
-                )
+                f"'block_number={block_number}' is greater than "
+                f"the number of blocks ({self.nblocks})"
             )
 
         start = block_number * self.blocksize

fsspec/compression.py

@@ -39,13 +39,11 @@ def register_compression(name, callback, extensions, force=False):
 
     # Validate registration
     if name in compr and not force:
-        raise ValueError("Duplicate compression registration: %s" % name)
+        raise ValueError(f"Duplicate compression registration: {name}")
 
     for ext in extensions:
         if ext in fsspec.utils.compressions and not force:
-            raise ValueError(
-                "Duplicate compression file extension: %s (%s)" % (ext, name)
-            )
+            raise ValueError(f"Duplicate compression file extension: {ext} ({name})")
 
     compr[name] = callback
 

fsspec/core.py

@@ -92,7 +92,7 @@ def __reduce__(self):
         )
 
     def __repr__(self):
-        return "<OpenFile '{}'>".format(self.path)
+        return f"<OpenFile '{self.path}'>"
 
     def __enter__(self):
         mode = self.mode.replace("t", "").replace("b", "") + "b"
@@ -195,7 +195,7 @@ def __getitem__(self, item):
         return out
 
     def __repr__(self):
-        return "<List of %s OpenFile instances>" % len(self)
+        return f"<List of {len(self)} OpenFile instances>"
 
 
 def open_files(
@@ -498,7 +498,7 @@ def get_compression(urlpath, compression):
     if compression == "infer":
         compression = infer_compression(urlpath)
     if compression is not None and compression not in compr:
-        raise ValueError("Compression type %s not supported" % compression)
+        raise ValueError(f"Compression type {compression} not supported")
     return compression
 
 

fsspec/fuse.py

@@ -275,7 +275,7 @@ def format_help(self):
     for item in args.option or []:
         key, sep, value = item.partition("=")
         if not sep:
-            parser.error(message="Wrong option: {!r}".format(item))
+            parser.error(message=f"Wrong option: {item!r}")
         val = value.lower()
         if val.endswith("[int]"):
             value = int(value[: -len("[int]")])

fsspec/gui.py

@@ -70,7 +70,7 @@ class which owns it.
             same name.
         """
         if name not in self.signals:
-            raise ValueError("Attempt to assign an undeclared signal: %s" % name)
+            raise ValueError(f"Attempt to assign an undeclared signal: {name}")
         self._sigs[name] = {
             "widget": widget,
             "callbacks": [],
@@ -141,7 +141,7 @@ def _emit(self, sig, value=None):
 
         Calling of callbacks will halt whenever one returns False.
         """
-        logger.log(self._sigs[sig]["log"], "{}: {}".format(sig, value))
+        logger.log(self._sigs[sig]["log"], f"{sig}: {value}")
         for callback in self._sigs[sig]["callbacks"]:
             if isinstance(callback, str):
                 self._emit(callback)
@@ -319,7 +319,7 @@ def fs(self):
     def urlpath(self):
         """URL of currently selected item"""
         return (
-            (self.protocol.value + "://" + self.main.value[0])
+            (f"{self.protocol.value}://{self.main.value[0]}")
             if self.main.value
             else None
         )

fsspec/implementations/cached.py

@@ -304,10 +304,10 @@ def _open(
             hash, blocks = detail["fn"], detail["blocks"]
             if blocks is True:
                 # stored file is complete
-                logger.debug("Opening local copy of %s" % path)
+                logger.debug("Opening local copy of %s", path)
                 return open(fn, mode)
             # TODO: action where partial file exists in read-only cache
-            logger.debug("Opening partially cached copy of %s" % path)
+            logger.debug("Opening partially cached copy of %s", path)
         else:
             hash = self._mapper(path)
             fn = os.path.join(self.storage[-1], hash)
@@ -320,7 +320,7 @@ def _open(
                 "uid": self.fs.ukey(path),
             }
             self._metadata.update_file(path, detail)
-            logger.debug("Creating local sparse file for %s" % path)
+            logger.debug("Creating local sparse file for %s", path)
 
         # call target filesystems open
         self._mkcache()
@@ -343,9 +343,9 @@ def _open(
         if "blocksize" in detail:
             if detail["blocksize"] != f.blocksize:
                 raise BlocksizeMismatchError(
-                    "Cached file must be reopened with same block"
-                    "size as original (old: %i, new %i)"
-                    "" % (detail["blocksize"], f.blocksize)
+                    f"Cached file must be reopened with same block"
+                    f" size as original (old: {detail['blocksize']},"
+                    f" new {f.blocksize})"
                 )
         else:
             detail["blocksize"] = f.blocksize
@@ -570,7 +570,7 @@ def _make_local_details(self, path):
             "uid": self.fs.ukey(path),
         }
         self._metadata.update_file(path, detail)
-        logger.debug("Copying %s to local cache" % path)
+        logger.debug("Copying %s to local cache", path)
         return fn
 
     def cat(
@@ -627,7 +627,7 @@ def _open(self, path, mode="rb", **kwargs):
             detail, fn = detail
             _, blocks = detail["fn"], detail["blocks"]
             if blocks is True:
-                logger.debug("Opening local copy of %s" % path)
+                logger.debug("Opening local copy of %s", path)
 
                 # In order to support downstream filesystems to be able to
                 # infer the compression from the original filename, like
@@ -639,8 +639,8 @@ def _open(self, path, mode="rb", **kwargs):
                 return f
             else:
                 raise ValueError(
-                    "Attempt to open partially cached file %s"
-                    "as a wholly cached file" % path
+                    f"Attempt to open partially cached file {path}"
+                    f" as a wholly cached file"
                 )
         else:
             fn = self._make_local_details(path)
@@ -723,7 +723,7 @@ def _open(self, path, mode="rb", **kwargs):
 
         sha = self._mapper(path)
         fn = os.path.join(self.storage[-1], sha)
-        logger.debug("Copying %s to local cache" % path)
+        logger.debug("Copying %s to local cache", path)
         kwargs["mode"] = mode
 
         self._mkcache()

fsspec/implementations/ftp.py

@@ -156,7 +156,7 @@ def cb(x):
             outfile.write(x)
 
         self.ftp.retrbinary(
-            "RETR %s" % rpath,
+            f"RETR {rpath}",
             blocksize=self.blocksize,
             callback=cb,
         )
@@ -172,7 +172,7 @@ def cb(x):
             out.append(x)
 
         self.ftp.retrbinary(
-            "RETR %s" % path,
+            f"RETR {path}",
             blocksize=self.blocksize,
             rest=start,
             callback=cb,
@@ -321,7 +321,7 @@ def callback(x):
 
         try:
             self.fs.ftp.retrbinary(
-                "RETR %s" % self.path,
+                f"RETR {self.path}",
                 blocksize=self.blocksize,
                 rest=start,
                 callback=callback,
@@ -339,7 +339,7 @@ def callback(x):
     def _upload_chunk(self, final=False):
         self.buffer.seek(0)
         self.fs.ftp.storbinary(
-            "STOR " + self.path, self.buffer, blocksize=self.blocksize, rest=self.offset
+            f"STOR {self.path}", self.buffer, blocksize=self.blocksize, rest=self.offset
         )
         return True
 

fsspec/implementations/git.py

@@ -81,7 +81,7 @@ def ls(self, path, detail=True, ref=None, **kwargs):
                             "type": "directory",
                             "name": "/".join([path, obj.name]).lstrip("/"),
                             "hex": obj.hex,
-                            "mode": "%o" % obj.filemode,
+                            "mode": f"{obj.filemode:o}",
                             "size": 0,
                         }
                     )
@@ -91,7 +91,7 @@ def ls(self, path, detail=True, ref=None, **kwargs):
                             "type": "file",
                             "name": "/".join([path, obj.name]).lstrip("/"),
                             "hex": obj.hex,
-                            "mode": "%o" % obj.filemode,
+                            "mode": f"{obj.filemode:o}",
                             "size": obj.size,
                         }
                     )
@@ -102,7 +102,7 @@ def ls(self, path, detail=True, ref=None, **kwargs):
                     "type": "file",
                     "name": obj.name,
                     "hex": obj.hex,
-                    "mode": "%o" % obj.filemode,
+                    "mode": f"{obj.filemode:o}",
                     "size": obj.size,
                 }
             ]

fsspec/implementations/github.py

@@ -79,9 +79,7 @@ def repos(cls, org_or_user, is_org=True):
         List of string
         """
         r = requests.get(
-            "https://api.github.com/{part}/{org}/repos".format(
-                part=["users", "orgs"][is_org], org=org_or_user
-            )
+            f"https://api.github.com/{['users', 'orgs'][is_org]}/{org_or_user}/repos"
         )
         r.raise_for_status()
         return [repo["name"] for repo in r.json()]
@@ -90,8 +88,7 @@ def repos(cls, org_or_user, is_org=True):
     def tags(self):
         """Names of tags in the repo"""
         r = requests.get(
-            "https://api.github.com/repos/{org}/{repo}/tags"
-            "".format(org=self.org, repo=self.repo),
+            f"https://api.github.com/repos/{self.org}/{self.repo}/tags",
             **self.kw,
         )
         r.raise_for_status()
@@ -101,8 +98,7 @@ def tags(self):
     def branches(self):
         """Names of branches in the repo"""
         r = requests.get(
-            "https://api.github.com/repos/{org}/{repo}/branches"
-            "".format(org=self.org, repo=self.repo),
+            f"https://api.github.com/repos/{self.org}/{self.repo}/branches",
             **self.kw,
         )
         r.raise_for_status()

fsspec/implementations/http.py

@@ -165,7 +165,7 @@ async def _ls_real(self, url, detail=True, **kwargs):
                 l = l[1]
             if l.startswith("/") and len(l) > 1:
                 # absolute URL on this server
-                l = parts.scheme + "://" + parts.netloc + l
+                l = f"{parts.scheme}://{parts.netloc}{l}"
             if l.startswith("http"):
                 if self.same_schema and l.startswith(url.rstrip("/") + "/"):
                     out.add(l)
@@ -655,8 +655,8 @@ async def async_fetch_range(self, start, end):
         logger.debug(f"Fetch range for {self}: {start}-{end}")
         kwargs = self.kwargs.copy()
         headers = kwargs.pop("headers", {}).copy()
-        headers["Range"] = "bytes=%i-%i" % (start, end - 1)
-        logger.debug(str(self.url) + " : " + headers["Range"])
+        headers["Range"] = f"bytes={start}-{end - 1}"
+        logger.debug(f"{self.url} : {headers['Range']}")
         r = await self.session.get(
             self.fs.encode_url(self.url), headers=headers, **kwargs
         )
@@ -812,7 +812,7 @@ async def get_range(session, url, start, end, file=None, **kwargs):
     # explicit get a range when we know it must be safe
     kwargs = kwargs.copy()
     headers = kwargs.pop("headers", {}).copy()
-    headers["Range"] = "bytes=%i-%i" % (start, end - 1)
+    headers["Range"] = f"bytes={start}-{end - 1}"
     r = await session.get(url, headers=headers, **kwargs)
     r.raise_for_status()
     async with r:
@@ -831,7 +831,7 @@ async def _file_info(url, session, size_policy="head", **kwargs):
     Default operation is to explicitly allow redirects and use encoding
     'identity' (no compression) to get the true size of the target.
     """
-    logger.debug("Retrieve file size for %s" % url)
+    logger.debug("Retrieve file size for %s", url)
     kwargs = kwargs.copy()
     ar = kwargs.pop("allow_redirects", True)
     head = kwargs.get("headers", {}).copy()
@@ -844,7 +844,7 @@ async def _file_info(url, session, size_policy="head", **kwargs):
     elif size_policy == "get":
         r = await session.get(url, allow_redirects=ar, **kwargs)
     else:
-        raise TypeError('size_policy must be "head" or "get", got %s' "" % size_policy)
+        raise TypeError(f'size_policy must be "head" or "get", got {size_policy}')
     async with r:
         r.raise_for_status()
 

fsspec/implementations/jupyter.py

@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ def __init__(self, url, tok=None, **kwargs):
 
     def ls(self, path, detail=True, **kwargs):
         path = self._strip_protocol(path)
-        r = self.session.get(self.url + "/" + path)
+        r = self.session.get(f"{self.url}/{path}")
         if r.status_code == 404:
             return FileNotFoundError(path)
         r.raise_for_status()
@@ -61,7 +61,7 @@ def ls(self, path, detail=True, **kwargs):
 
     def cat_file(self, path, start=None, end=None, **kwargs):
         path = self._strip_protocol(path)
-        r = self.session.get(self.url + "/" + path)
+        r = self.session.get(f"{self.url}/{path}")
         if r.status_code == 404:
             return FileNotFoundError(path)
         r.raise_for_status()
@@ -83,7 +83,7 @@ def pipe_file(self, path, value, **_):
             "format": "base64",
             "type": "file",
         }
-        self.session.put(self.url + "/" + path, json=json)
+        self.session.put(f"{self.url}/{path}", json=json)
 
     def mkdir(self, path, create_parents=True, **kwargs):
         path = self._strip_protocol(path)
@@ -96,11 +96,11 @@ def mkdir(self, path, create_parents=True, **kwargs):
             "content": None,
             "type": "directory",
         }
-        self.session.put(self.url + "/" + path, json=json)
+        self.session.put(f"{self.url}/{path}", json=json)
 
     def _rm(self, path):
         path = self._strip_protocol(path)
-        self.session.delete(self.url + "/" + path)
+        self.session.delete(f"{self.url}/{path}")
 
     def _open(self, path, mode="rb", **kwargs):
         path = self._strip_protocol(path)