fix: python version up to 3.12 from 3.11 in Dockerfile #9654

[lkhagvadorj-amp]

Problem

By the time Python 3.13 is released (October 2024), we'll want to upgrade it to use Python 3.12 so that users are getting an up-to-date Python version that is a stable release still receiving bug fixes (and not merely security fixes).

Solution

This pull request includes updates to the docker/Dockerfile to upgrade the Python version and several Python packages.

• Updated Python version from 3.11.2 to 3.12.8 (docker/Dockerfile)
• Upgraded pip, setuptools, and wheel to newer versions in the RUN apt-get update section (docker/Dockerfile)

Checklist

• I have read the contributing guide and understand what's expected of me.
• I have run this code in development, and it appears to resolve the stated issue.
• This PR includes tests, or tests are not required or relevant for this PR.
• This PR has no interface changes (e.g., macros, CLI, logs, JSON artifacts, config files, adapter interface, etc.) or this PR has already received feedback and approval from Product or DX.
• This PR includes type annotations for new and modified functions.

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[github-actions]

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