catch generic exception in catch_jinja and reraise as CompilationError

[MichelleArk]

resolves #225

Description

Catch generic Exception and re-raise as compilation error with node context for improved user. debugging experience.

Checklist

• I have read the contributing guide and understand what's expected of me
• I have signed the CLA
• I have run this code in development and it appears to resolve the stated issue
• I have opened an issue to add/update docs, or docs changes are not required/relevant for this PR
• I have run changie new to create a changelog entry

🎩

-- test_model.sql
{% set yesterday = modules.datetime.datetime(2002, 13, 27, 6, 0, 0) %}
select 1 as x, timestamp '2024-10-28' as event_time
union all
select 2 as x, timestamp '2024-10-29' as event_time
union all
select 4 as x, timestamp '2024-10-31' as event_time
union all
select 5 as x, timestamp '2024-11-01' as event_time
union all
select 5 as x, timestamp '2024-11-01' as event_time
union all
select 6 as x, timestamp '2024-11-07' as event_time

❯ dbt parse
14:15:14  Running with dbt=1.9.0-rc1
14:15:15  Registered adapter: bigquery=1.9.0-b1
14:15:15  Encountered an error:
Compilation Error in model test_model (models/test_model.sql)
  month must be in 1..12

[github-actions]

Thank you for your pull request! We could not find a changelog entry for this change. For details on how to document a change, see the contributing guide.

[codecov-commenter]

Codecov Report

Attention: Patch coverage is 0% with 4 lines in your changes missing coverage. Please review.

Project coverage is 68.42%. Comparing base (f1f6e6f) to head (058ed7e).

Files with missing lines	Patch %	Lines
dbt_common/clients/jinja.py	0.00%	4 Missing ⚠️

Additional details and impacted files

@@            Coverage Diff             @@
##             main     #224      +/-   ##
==========================================
- Coverage   68.50%   68.42%   -0.09%     
==========================================
  Files          52       52              
  Lines        3391     3395       +4     
==========================================
  Hits         2323     2323              
- Misses       1068     1072       +4     

Flag	Coverage Δ
unit	68.42% <0.00%> (-0.09%)	⬇️

Flags with carried forward coverage won't be shown. Click here to find out more.

☔ View full report in Codecov by Sentry.
📢 Have feedback on the report? Share it here.

[MichelleArk]

For good measure, running dbt-core tests here before merging

[MichelleArk]

Re-running dbt-core tests here: https://github.com/dbt-labs/dbt-core/actions/runs/12122320481?pr=11085