Introduce index cache tracing #8179

Job	Run time
test	19m 14s
build	4m 34s
lint	16m 30s
integration-configs-db	2m 2s
integration (requires_docker)	4m 55s
integration (integration_alertmanager)	3m 54s
integration (integration_backward_compatibility)	10m 57s
integration (integration_memberlist)	7m 23s
integration (integration_querier)	12m 32s
integration (integration_ruler)	3m 37s
integration (integration_query_fuzz)	1m 54s
deploy_website	0s
deploy	0s
	1h 27m 32s

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