Introduce index cache tracing #8175

Job	Run time
build	3m 47s
test	17m 56s
lint	25m 39s
integration-configs-db	1m 53s
integration (requires_docker)	5m 16s
integration (integration_alertmanager)	3m 40s
integration (integration_backward_compatibility)	14m 33s
integration (integration_memberlist)	7m 57s
integration (integration_querier)	13m 0s
integration (integration_ruler)	3m 35s
integration (integration_query_fuzz)	1m 41s
deploy_website	0s
deploy	0s
	1h 38m 57s

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