Update prometheus to v0.48.0 (#5671) #8096

Job	Run time
lint	16m 31s
build	3m 45s
test	17m 51s
integration-configs-db	1m 48s
integration (requires_docker)	5m 5s
integration (integration_alertmanager)	3m 47s
integration (integration_backward_compatibility)	11m 30s
integration (integration_memberlist)	7m 24s
integration (integration_querier)	13m 12s
integration (integration_ruler)	3m 36s
integration (integration_query_fuzz)	1m 51s
deploy	2m 27s
deploy_website	40s
	1h 29m 27s

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