Add generic retry in query frontend #7759

Job	Run time
lint	3m 45s
test	21m 23s
build	5m 50s
integration-configs-db	2m 58s
integration (requires_docker)	7m 9s
integration (integration_alertmanager)	5m 37s
integration (integration_backward_compatibility)	11m 0s
integration (integration_memberlist)	8m 48s
integration (integration_querier)	15m 37s
integration (integration_ruler)	4m 42s
integration (integration_query_fuzz)	2m 54s
deploy_website	0s
deploy	0s
	1h 29m 43s

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