Add query fuzz test case for protobuf codec #10361

Job	Run time
lint	4m 15s
build	4m 1s
test	15m 32s
CodeQL	7m 21s
integration-configs-db	2m 42s
integration (requires_docker)	6m 51s
integration (integration_alertmanager)	3m 59s
integration (integration_backward_compatibility)	10m 20s
integration (integration_memberlist)	7m 28s
integration (integration_querier)	15m 13s
integration (integration_ruler)	5m 39s
integration (integration_query_fuzz)	4m 26s
deploy_website	0s
deploy	0s
	1h 27m 47s

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