deploy: 73f8aee

categories/distributed-system/index.html

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+<i class=material-icons id=darkModeToggleIcon2>dark_mode</i></button></div></nav><div class=single-column-header-container id=pageHead v-bind:style="{ transform: 'translateZ(0px) translateY('+.3*scrollY+'px)', opacity: 1-navOpacity }"><a href=https://blog.coherence.codes/><div class=single-column-header-title>Coherence's Blog</div></a></div><div id=content><div id=streamContainer class=stream-container><div class="post-list-container post-list-container-shadow"><div class="post-item-wrapper post-item-wrapper-no-hover"><div class="post-item post-item-no-gaps"><div class=post-item-info-wrapper><div class="post-item-title post-item-title-small"><a href=/categories/>Categories</a> / Distributed System</div></div></div></div><a href=/posts/2023/mit_6.824_2_raft/ class=a-block><div class=post-item-wrapper><div class="post-item post-item-no-gaps"><div class=post-item-info-wrapper><div class=post-item-title>MIT 6.824 学习笔记(二) Raft</div><div class=post-item-meta>2023-10-01
+&emsp;
+&emsp;</div></div></div></div></a><a href=/posts/2023/mit_6.824_1_gfs/ class=a-block><div class=post-item-wrapper><div class="post-item post-item-no-gaps"><div class=post-item-info-wrapper><div class=post-item-title>MIT 6.824 学习笔记(一) GFS</div><div class=post-item-meta>2023-09-05
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categories/distributed-system/index.xml

@@ -1,4 +1,9 @@
-<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" standalone="yes"?><rss version="2.0" xmlns:atom="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom"><channel><title>Distributed System on Coherence's Blog</title><link>https://blog.coherence.codes/categories/distributed-system/</link><description>Recent content in Distributed System on Coherence's Blog</description><generator>Hugo -- gohugo.io</generator><language>zh-cn</language><copyright>Coherence. 本站遵循 CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 协议</copyright><lastBuildDate>Tue, 05 Sep 2023 00:00:00 +0000</lastBuildDate><atom:link href="https://blog.coherence.codes/categories/distributed-system/index.xml" rel="self" type="application/rss+xml"/><item><title>MIT 6.824 学习笔记(一) GFS</title><link>https://blog.coherence.codes/posts/2023/mit_6.824_1_gfs/</link><pubDate>Tue, 05 Sep 2023 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate><guid>https://blog.coherence.codes/posts/2023/mit_6.824_1_gfs/</guid><description>存储系统通常是一个分布式系统的基石，通常应用可以是无状态的，而所有状态便由存储系统来管理。
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" standalone="yes"?><rss version="2.0" xmlns:atom="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom"><channel><title>Distributed System on Coherence's Blog</title><link>https://blog.coherence.codes/categories/distributed-system/</link><description>Recent content in Distributed System on Coherence's Blog</description><generator>Hugo -- gohugo.io</generator><language>zh-cn</language><copyright>Coherence. 本站遵循 CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 协议</copyright><lastBuildDate>Sun, 01 Oct 2023 00:00:00 +0000</lastBuildDate><atom:link href="https://blog.coherence.codes/categories/distributed-system/index.xml" rel="self" type="application/rss+xml"/><item><title>MIT 6.824 学习笔记(二) Raft</title><link>https://blog.coherence.codes/posts/2023/mit_6.824_2_raft/</link><pubDate>Sun, 01 Oct 2023 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate><guid>https://blog.coherence.codes/posts/2023/mit_6.824_2_raft/</guid><description>Note: 为了保持准确性，我会尽量使用英文术语。
+为了解决单点故障问题，Raft 采用了 Majority Vote，基本上任何操作都需要得到多数确认才能够执行。为了避免 tie，Raft 的节点数量必须为奇数。因此在一个 2f+1 个节点的系统中，最多允许 f 个节点故障，f+1 即为法定人数（quorum）。
+如果 server 不出错，网络也很稳定，共识算法是很简单的，比如在 Raft 中，leader 被选举出来，client 的请求由 leader 处理并转发给 followers，所有 server 都和 leader 保持一致，这个过程是很简单并且直观的。这些算法真正处理的、细节繁杂的地方是 server 出错、RPC 受网络影响（包括包的延迟，重复，顺序改变，丢失，网络分区）的时候。
+Introduction 在过去十年, Leslie Lamport 的 Paxos 几乎成了共识的同义词.. Paxos 首先定义了一种协议来对单个决定达成共识, 比如一条单个的 log entry, 这被称为 single-decree Paxos. 其支持多个决定的版本 (比如 log) 被称为 muti-Paxos。然而，Paxos 的缺点是难以理解，并且没有提供一个良好的基础来构建可行的实现。
+相较于 Paxos，Raft 的目标是易于理解且符合直觉。为了使 Raft 易于理解，作者采取了解耦 (Raft 将共识问题分解成几个子问题 leader election, log replication, safety, and membership changes) 和缩减状态空间的方式。
+Raft 和已有的共识算法类似（尤其是 Viewstamped Replication），但它有一些新特性。Raft 采取了强 leader 的设计，例如 log entry 只会从 leader 向其他节点分发。这可能是为了性能考虑（比无 leader 要更快，RPC 也更少）Raft 采用基于随机计时器的 leader 选举, 从而用一种简单的方法来解决冲突。另外还有处理成员变更方面的改进。</description></item><item><title>MIT 6.824 学习笔记(一) GFS</title><link>https://blog.coherence.codes/posts/2023/mit_6.824_1_gfs/</link><pubDate>Tue, 05 Sep 2023 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate><guid>https://blog.coherence.codes/posts/2023/mit_6.824_1_gfs/</guid><description>存储系统通常是一个分布式系统的基石，通常应用可以是无状态的，而所有状态便由存储系统来管理。
 Google 文件系统（The Google File System, GFS）在 2003 年于一篇同名论文中被提出，发表在系统领域顶会 SOSP 上，是 Google 大数据三驾马车之一1。GFS 是一个成功的系统，在 00 年代早期，人们对于分布式文件系统已经有很好的理解了，但是尚未有一个可以扩展到上千个节点的系统被实现出来。很多 GFS 的设计被 HDFS 等后来的分布式文件系统上。
 GFS 基于以下几个方面的观察：
 节点故障是常见的，因为其运行在大量普通机器（commodity components）上 存储的文件以大文件（数百 MB 到数 GB）为主，小文件应当被支持，但不应对其优化 对文件的大多数写入操作是追加 （append）而不是覆盖/随机写，大多数读取操作是顺序读 （1 MB 或更多） 所以系统必须有良好的并发追加操作的语义 工作负载通常是批处理任务，所以高吞吐量比低延时重要 同时设计应用和文件系统 API 有利于整个系统的灵活性 架构 GFS 采用 Master/Slave 架构，集群中存在一个 master 和多个 chunkservers，并且被多个 clients 访问。（由于单 master 的存在，GFS 存在单点故障的可能性，虽然 master 同样有备份，但恢复可能需要人工干预）一个文件将被分割成多个 chunk。chunk 的特性如下：

categories/index.html

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categories/index.xml

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+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" standalone="yes"?><rss version="2.0" xmlns:atom="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom"><channel><title>Categories on Coherence's Blog</title><link>https://blog.coherence.codes/categories/</link><description>Recent content in Categories on Coherence's Blog</description><generator>Hugo -- gohugo.io</generator><language>zh-cn</language><copyright>Coherence. 本站遵循 CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 协议</copyright><lastBuildDate>Sun, 01 Oct 2023 00:00:00 +0000</lastBuildDate><atom:link href="https://blog.coherence.codes/categories/index.xml" rel="self" type="application/rss+xml"/><item><title>Distributed System</title><link>https://blog.coherence.codes/categories/distributed-system/</link><pubDate>Sun, 01 Oct 2023 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate><guid>https://blog.coherence.codes/categories/distributed-system/</guid><description/></item><item><title>Windows</title><link>https://blog.coherence.codes/categories/windows/</link><pubDate>Fri, 02 Nov 2018 18:23:47 +0000</pubDate><guid>https://blog.coherence.codes/categories/windows/</guid><description/></item></channel></rss>

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