Reference Manual

Term	Explanation
local	Your copy of the repository
remote (aka. upstream repository)	Shared repository. This is where all commits are pushed
working directory	This is where all of your local changes
index (aka. staging area)	This is where changes are added for the next commit
staged	The changes that have been added to the index

For more in depth reference, go to

• Git Man pages
• Visual Cheat sheet
• Github Cheat sheet

Writing an Effective Commit Message

Concise summary of changes (50 chars or less). Prefer imperative mood.

Short explanation of what changes were made and why they were necessary.
Think of this as where you explain to your future self why this commit 
is significant.

# Please enter the commit message for your changes. Lines starting
# with '#' will be ignored, and an empty message aborts the commit.
#
# On branch master
# Your branch is up to date with 'origin/master'.
#
# Changes to be committed:
#       modified:   README.md
#

For further reading on creating good commit messages:

• Medium article
• https://chris.beams.io/posts/git-commit/