feat: Implement Spark-compatible CAST from string to integral types #709

Job	Run time
ubuntu-latest/java 8-spark-3.2/java	46m 32s
ubuntu-latest/java 8-spark-3.3/java	50m 12s
ubuntu-latest/java 8-spark-3.4/rust	1m 2s
ubuntu-latest/java 8-spark-3.4/java	47m 29s
ubuntu-latest/java 11-spark-3.3/java	48m 5s
ubuntu-latest/java 17-spark-3.4/rust	1m 25s
ubuntu-latest/java 17-spark-3.4/java	45m 34s
ubuntu-latest/java 17-spark-3.3/java	46m 7s
macos-14(Silicon)/java 8-spark-3.4/rust	45s
macos-14(Silicon)/java 8-spark-3.4/java	33m 43s
${{ matrix.os }}/java ${{ matrix.java_version }}-spark-${{ matrix.spark-version }}/${{ matrix.test-target }}	0s
macos-14(Silicon)/java 8-spark-3.2/java	31m 1s
macos-14(Silicon)/java 17-spark-3.4/rust	36s
macos-14(Silicon)/java 17-spark-3.3/java	33m 0s
macos-14(Silicon)/java 17-spark-3.4/java	35m 6s
	7h 0m 37s

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