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reading docs, im sure oppising isnt a word

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After looking at the current documentation, it does not seem to change anything. I only saw that you documented a version splash for when the CLI is used, but not when the module is imported. So removing it should not break the api docs.

In the future, users can still have version information with `import manim; print(manim.__version__)`.

Closes #3326

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Maybe we should add unit tests for that, but haven't found an obvious place to put unit tests.

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* Hyperlinks to types work - removed Module Attributes section

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Remove ``import re``

* Added freeglut-devel to workflows for Linux

Hopefully (?) fix the GLU import error

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* Improve documentation section about contributing to docs (#3555)

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* Run poetry lock --no-update (#3621)

* Update jupyter.rst (#3630)

Pinpoint IPython==8.21.0 for Google Colab, because more recent versions are incompatible with their runtime.

* Fix Vector3 -> Vector3D in contributing docs (#3639)

* Bump black from 23.12.1 to 24.3.0 (#3649)

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* Bump cryptography from 42.0.0 to 42.0.4 (#3629)

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* Added some examples for `Mobject`/`VMobject` methods (#3641)

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* Fixes!

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Co-authored-by: adeshpande <[email protected]>

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It is not about flake8-comprehensions.

* max-complexity = 29

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* Fix some minor grammatical errors in the index page of the docs

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* Bump actions/cache from 3 to 4 (#3607)

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* Bump FedericoCarboni/setup-ffmpeg from 2 to 3 (#3608)

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* Bump ssciwr/setup-mesa-dist-win from 1 to 2 (#3609)

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* Bump idna from 3.6 to 3.7 (#3693)

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* Bump pillow from 10.2.0 to 10.3.0 (#3672)

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* Clean Graph layouts and increase flexibility (#3434)

* allow user-defined layout functions for Graph
+ fixup type annotations

* only pass relevant args

* write tests

* [pre-commit.ci] auto fixes from pre-commit.com hooks

for more information, see https://pre-commit.ci

* change_layout forward root_vertex and partitions
- deduplicated layout code in __init__ and change_layout
- fixed change_layout backwards compatibility

* [pre-commit.ci] auto fixes from pre-commit.com hooks

for more information, see https://pre-commit.ci

* add test for change_layout

* [pre-commit.ci] auto fixes from pre-commit.com hooks

for more information, see https://pre-commit.ci

* fix copy/paste error

* fix

* fixup types for CodeQL

* static type the Layout Names

* [pre-commit.ci] auto fixes from pre-commit.com hooks

for more information, see https://pre-commit.ci

* fix dynamic union type for Python 3.9

* add example scenes to LayoutFunction protocol documentation

* [pre-commit.ci] auto fixes from pre-commit.com hooks

for more information, see https://pre-commit.ci

* Replace references to np.ndarray with standard Manim types

* Label NxGraph as a TypeAlias

* [pre-commit.ci] auto fixes from pre-commit.com hooks

for more information, see https://pre-commit.ci

---------

Co-authored-by: pre-commit-ci[bot] <66853113+pre-commit-ci[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: Tristan Schulz <[email protected]>
Co-authored-by: Benjamin Hackl <[email protected]>

* Follow-up to graph layout cleanup: improvements for tests and typing (#3728)

* suggestions from review on #3434

* [pre-commit.ci] auto fixes from pre-commit.com hooks

for more information, see https://pre-commit.ci

---------

Co-authored-by: pre-commit-ci[bot] <66853113+pre-commit-ci[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>

* Update coordinate_systems.py (#3730)

small change

* build(ci): change from macos-latest to macos-13 (#3729)

* Add ``--preview_command`` cli flag (#3615)

* Add preview_command cli flag

* Edit help for --preview_command

* Change back from subprocess.run

* Remove old comment

* Bug with timg stopped happening with sp.run

* Fix docstring

* Revert "Fix docstring"

This reverts commit d2c00fc24dc46586f994237f1d2758528b78d6a3.

* Actually fix docstring

* Change help for option

Co-authored-by: Benjamin Hackl <[email protected]>

---------

Co-authored-by: Benjamin Hackl <[email protected]>

* AnimationGroup: optimized interpolate() and fixed alpha bug on finish() (#3542)

* Optimized AnimationGroup computation of start-end times with lag ratio

* Added extra comment for init_run_time

* Added full path to imports in composition.py

* Optimized AnimationGroup.interpolate

* Fixed final bugs

* Removed accidental print

* Final fix to AnimationGroup.interpolate

* Fixed animations being skipped unintentionally

* Addressed requested changes

---------

Co-authored-by: Benjamin Hackl <[email protected]>

* Fixed ```get_anchors()``` Return Type Inconsistency (#3214)

* changed return type of get_anchors()

* Ensured consistency with OpenGLVMobject

* Fixed CodeQl, updated docstring

* Update manim/mobject/types/vectorized_mobject.py

Co-authored-by: Benjamin Hackl <[email protected]>

* Update manim/mobject/opengl/opengl_vectorized_mobject.py

Co-authored-by: Benjamin Hackl <[email protected]>

* fixed typo, t -> e

* fixed doctest

---------

Co-authored-by: Tristan Schulz <[email protected]>
Co-authored-by: Benjamin Hackl <[email protected]>
Co-authored-by: Francisco Manríquez Novoa <[email protected]>

* fixed [""] being set as loaded plugins (#3734)

* Prepare new release: v0.18.1 (#3719)

* add note about changelog in changelog.rst

* bump version

* Update CITATION.cff

* feat: Add three animations that together simulate a typing animation (#3612)

* feat: Add animations that together simulate typing

AddTextLetterByLetterWithCursor

RemoveTextLetterByLetterWithCursor

Blink

* Revert "feat: Add animations that together simulate typing"

This reverts commit 5fe256880d9ca8e5a1ffe4ff58f71731a45ae2a5.

* Revert "Revert "feat: Add animations that together simulate typing""

This reverts commit 6a8244a157f25df5b783a12eed5e26bf1e326421.

* Add new animations to __all__

* Temporarily remove docs example

* Modify "Blink" and add docstring examples back in

To avoid 0-second animations, which fail docstring test

* Address requested changes

Fix imports
Remove redundant constructor arguments
Improve names

* Shorten names

* Fix release documentation building (#3737)

* [pre-commit.ci] pre-commit autoupdate (#3739)

updates:
- [github.com/psf/black: 24.4.0 → 24.4.2](https://github.com/psf/black/compare/24.4.0...24.4.2)
- [github.com/pre-commit/mirrors-mypy: v1.9.0 → v1.10.0](https://github.com/pre-commit/mirrors-mypy/compare/v1.9.0...v1.10.0)

Co-authored-by: pre-commit-ci[bot] <66853113+pre-commit-ci[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>

* Fixes #3744 (#3745)

Co-authored-by: Andrzej Nagórko <>

* Bump tqdm from 4.66.1 to 4.66.3 (#3746)

Bumps [tqdm](https://github.com/tqdm/tqdm) from 4.66.1 to 4.66.3.
- [Release notes](https://github.com/tqdm/tqdm/releases)
- [Commits](https://github.com/tqdm/tqdm/compare/v4.66.1...v4.66.3)

---
updated-dependencies:
- dependency-name: tqdm
  dependency-type: direct:production
...

Signed-off-by: dependabot[bot] <[email protected]>
Co-authored-by: dependabot[bot] <49699333+dependabot[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>

* Bump jinja2 from 3.1.3 to 3.1.4 (#3750)

Bumps [jinja2](https://github.com/pallets/jinja) from 3.1.3 to 3.1.4.
- [Release notes](https://github.com/pallets/jinja/releases)
- [Changelog](https://github.com/pallets/jinja/blob/main/CHANGES.rst)
- [Commits](https://github.com/pallets/jinja/compare/3.1.3...3.1.4)

---
updated-dependencies:
- dependency-name: jinja2
  dependency-type: indirect
...

Signed-off-by: dependabot[bot] <[email protected]>
Co-authored-by: dependabot[bot] <49699333+dependabot[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>

* Add typehints to `manim.utils.iterables` (#3751)

* typehint iterables

* organize typing hints

* [pre-commit.ci] auto fixes from pre-commit.com hooks

for more information, see https://pre-commit.ci

* remove any

* Add overloads for tuplify

* [pre-commit.ci] auto fixes from pre-commit.com hooks

for more information, see https://pre-commit.ci

* Remove example

* feedback

* Make TypeVars accessible at runtime

* Add hints for zip

Co-authored-by: Victorien <[email protected]>

* typing -> collections.abc

Co-authored-by: Victorien <[email protected]>

* try to make mypy happy

* zip[tuple[T, ...]] instead of zip[T]

---------

Co-authored-by: pre-commit-ci[bot] <66853113+pre-commit-ci[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: Victorien <[email protected]>

* Let `SceneFileWriter` access `ffmpeg` via `av` instead of via external process (#3501)

* added av as a dependency

* make partial movie files use av instead of piping to external ffmpeg

* [pre-commit.ci] auto fixes from pre-commit.com hooks

for more information, see https://pre-commit.ci

* opengl rendering: use av for movie files

* no need to check for ffmpeg executable

* refactor: *_movie_pipe -> *_partial_movie_stream

* improve (oneline) documentation

* pass more options to partial movie file rendering

* move ffmpeg verbosity settings to config; renamed option dict

* replaced call to ffmpeg in combine_files by using av

Co-authored-by: Jérome Eertmans <[email protected]>

* [pre-commit.ci] auto fixes from pre-commit.com hooks

for more information, see https://pre-commit.ci

* there was one examples saved as a gif?

* chore(deps): re-order av

* chore(lib): simplify `write_frame` method

Reduces the overall code complexity

* chore(lib): add audio

* fix(lib): same issue for conversion

* fix(lib): webm export

* fix(lib): transparent export

Though the output video is weird

* try(lib): fix gif + TODOs

* chore(deps): lower dep crit

* [pre-commit.ci] auto fixes from pre-commit.com hooks

for more information, see https://pre-commit.ci

* feat(lib): add support for GIF

* fix(ci): rewrite tests

* fix

* chore(ci): prevent calling concat on empty list

* add missing dot

* fix(ci): update frame comparison ?

* fix(log): add handler to libav logger

* chore: add TODO

* fix(lib): concat issue

* Revert "fix(ci): update frame comparison ?"

This reverts commit 904cfb46ae8db7dfac01036671991cf81a7823de.

* fix(ci): make it pass tests

* chore(lib/docs/ci): remove FFMPEG entirely

This removes any reference to FFMPEG, except in translation files

* added av as a dependency

* make partial movie files use av instead of piping to external ffmpeg

* [pre-commit.ci] auto fixes from pre-commit.com hooks

for more information, see https://pre-commit.ci

* opengl rendering: use av for movie files

* no need to check for ffmpeg executable

* refactor: *_movie_pipe -> *_partial_movie_stream

* improve (oneline) documentation

* pass more options to partial movie file rendering

* move ffmpeg verbosity settings to config; renamed option dict

* replaced call to ffmpeg in combine_files by using av

Co-authored-by: Jérome Eertmans <[email protected]>

* [pre-commit.ci] auto fixes from pre-commit.com hooks

for more information, see https://pre-commit.ci

* there was one examples saved as a gif?

* chore(deps): re-order av

* chore(lib): simplify `write_frame` method

Reduces the overall code complexity

* chore(lib): add audio

* fix(lib): same issue for conversion

* fix(lib): webm export

* fix(lib): transparent export

Though the output video is weird

* try(lib): fix gif + TODOs

* chore(deps): lower dep crit

* [pre-commit.ci] auto fixes from pre-commit.com hooks

for more information, see https://pre-commit.ci

* feat(lib): add support for GIF

* fix(ci): rewrite tests

* fix

* chore(ci): prevent calling concat on empty list

* add missing dot

* fix(ci): update frame comparison ?

* fix(log): add handler to libav logger

* chore: add TODO

* fix(lib): concat issue

* Revert "fix(ci): update frame comparison ?"

This reverts commit 904cfb46ae8db7dfac01036671991cf81a7823de.

* fix(ci): make it pass tests

* chore(lib/docs/ci): remove FFMPEG entirely

This removes any reference to FFMPEG, except in translation files

* chore(deps): update lockfile

* chore(lib): rewrite ffprobe

* fix typo

* slightly more aggressive removal of ffmpeg in docs; minor language changes

* fix gif output stream dimensions

* minor style change

* fix encoding of (transparent) mov files

* fixed metadata / comment

* set frame rate for --format=gif in output_stream

* [pre-commit.ci] auto fixes from pre-commit.com hooks

for more information, see https://pre-commit.ci

* more video tests for different render settings, also test pix_fmt

* improve default bitrate setting via crf

* [pre-commit.ci] auto fixes from pre-commit.com hooks

for more information, see https://pre-commit.ci

* parametrized format/transparency rendering test

* [pre-commit.ci] auto fixes from pre-commit.com hooks

for more information, see https://pre-commit.ci

* context managers for (some) av.open

* [pre-commit.ci] auto fixes from pre-commit.com hooks

for more information, see https://pre-commit.ci

* Update manim/utils/commands.py

Co-authored-by: Jérome Eertmans <[email protected]>

* fixed segfault

* update test data involving implicit functions (output improved!)

* [pre-commit.ci] auto fixes from pre-commit.com hooks

for more information, see https://pre-commit.ci

* explicity set pix_fmt for transparent webms

* special-special case extracting frame from vp9-encoded file with transparency

* [pre-commit.ci] auto fixes from pre-commit.com hooks

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* fix transparent gifs, more special casing in parametrized video format test

* [pre-commit.ci] auto fixes from pre-commit.com hooks

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* run tests on macos-latest again

* removed old control data

* Revert "run tests on macos-latest again"

This reverts commit f50efa4b887f4596f8193dcaa4f0796b4…

.github/workflows/publish-docker.yml

@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ jobs:
           password: ${{ secrets.DOCKERHUB_TOKEN }}
 
       - name: Build and push
-        uses: docker/build-push-action@v5
+        uses: docker/build-push-action@v6
         with:
           platforms: linux/arm64,linux/amd64
           push: true
@@ -61,7 +61,7 @@ jobs:
             print(f"tag_name={ref_tag}", file=f)
 
       - name: Build and push
-        uses: docker/build-push-action@v5
+        uses: docker/build-push-action@v6
         with:
           platforms: linux/arm64,linux/amd64
           push: true

.pre-commit-config.yaml

@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ repos:
       - id: python-check-blanket-noqa
         name: Precision flake ignores
   - repo: https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff-pre-commit
-    rev: v0.4.9
+    rev: v0.5.1
     hooks:
       - id: ruff
         name: ruff lint
@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ repos:
             flake8-simplify==0.14.1,
           ]
   - repo: https://github.com/pre-commit/mirrors-mypy
-    rev: v1.10.0
+    rev: v1.10.1
     hooks:
       - id: mypy
         additional_dependencies:

README.md

@@ -21,7 +21,8 @@
 
 Manim is an animation engine for explanatory math videos. It's used to create precise animations programmatically, as demonstrated in the videos of [3Blue1Brown](https://www.3blue1brown.com/).
 
-> NOTE: This repository is maintained by the Manim Community and is not associated with Grant Sanderson or 3Blue1Brown in any way (although we are definitely indebted to him for providing his work to the world). If you would like to study how Grant makes his videos, head over to his repository ([3b1b/manim](https://github.com/3b1b/manim)). This fork is updated more frequently than his, and it's recommended to use this fork if you'd like to use Manim for your own projects.
+> [!NOTE]
+> This repository is maintained by the Manim Community and is not associated with Grant Sanderson or 3Blue1Brown in any way (although we are definitely indebted to him for providing his work to the world). If you would like to study how Grant makes his videos, head over to his repository ([3b1b/manim](https://github.com/3b1b/manim)). This fork is updated more frequently than his, and it's recommended to use this fork if you'd like to use Manim for your own projects.
 
 ## Table of Contents:
 
@@ -35,7 +36,8 @@ Manim is an animation engine for explanatory math videos. It's used to create pr
 
 ## Installation
 
-> **WARNING:** These instructions are for the community version _only_. Trying to use these instructions to install [3b1b/manim](https://github.com/3b1b/manim) or instructions there to install this version will cause problems. Read [this](https://docs.manim.community/en/stable/faq/installation.html#why-are-there-different-versions-of-manim) and decide which version you wish to install, then only follow the instructions for your desired version.
+> [!WARNING]
+> These instructions are for the community version _only_. Trying to use these instructions to install [3b1b/manim](https://github.com/3b1b/manim) or instructions there to install this version will cause problems. Read [this](https://docs.manim.community/en/stable/faq/installation.html#why-are-there-different-versions-of-manim) and decide which version you wish to install, then only follow the instructions for your desired version.
 
 Manim requires a few dependencies that must be installed prior to using it. If you
 want to try it out first before installing it locally, you can do so
@@ -71,7 +73,7 @@ In order to view the output of this scene, save the code in a file called `examp
 manim -p -ql example.py SquareToCircle
 ```
 
-You should see your native video player program pop up and play a simple scene in which a square is transformed into a circle. You may find some more simple examples within this
+You should see a window pop up and play a simple scene in which a square is transformed into a circle. You may find some more simple examples within this
 [GitHub repository](example_scenes). You can also visit the [official gallery](https://docs.manim.community/en/stable/examples.html) for more advanced examples.
 
 Manim also ships with a `%%manim` IPython magic which allows to use it conveniently in JupyterLab (as well as classic Jupyter) notebooks. See the
@@ -84,13 +86,15 @@ The general usage of Manim is as follows:
 
 ![manim-illustration](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/ManimCommunity/manim/main/docs/source/_static/command.png)
 
-The `-p` flag in the command above is for previewing, meaning the video file will automatically open when it is done rendering. The `-ql` flag is for a faster rendering at a lower quality.
+The `-p` flag in the command above is for previewing, meaning a window will show up to render it in real time.
+The `-ql` flag is for a faster rendering at a lower quality.
 
 Some other useful flags include:
 
 -  `-s` to skip to the end and just show the final frame.
 -  `-n <number>` to skip ahead to the `n`'th animation of a scene.
 -  `-f` show the file in the file browser.
+-  `-w` to actually write the result into a video file.
 
 For a thorough list of command line arguments, visit the [documentation](https://docs.manim.community/en/stable/guides/configuration.html).
 

conftest.py

@@ -5,7 +5,6 @@
 
 from __future__ import annotations
 
-import cairo
 import moderngl
 
 # If it is running Doctest the current directory
@@ -34,7 +33,6 @@ def pytest_report_header(config):
     info = ctx.info
     ctx.release()
     return (
-        f"\nCairo Version: {cairo.cairo_version()}",
         "\nOpenGL information",
         "------------------",
         f"vendor: {info['GL_VENDOR'].strip()}",

docker/Dockerfile

@@ -22,9 +22,9 @@ RUN wget -O /tmp/install-tl-unx.tar.gz http://mirror.ctan.org/systems/texlive/tl
     tar -xzf /tmp/install-tl-unx.tar.gz -C /tmp/install-tl --strip-components=1 && \
     /tmp/install-tl/install-tl --profile=/tmp/texlive-profile.txt \
     && tlmgr install \
-        amsmath babel-english cbfonts-fd cm-super ctex doublestroke dvisvgm everysel \
+        amsmath babel-english cbfonts-fd cm-super count1to ctex doublestroke dvisvgm everysel \
         fontspec frcursive fundus-calligra gnu-freefont jknapltx latex-bin \
-        mathastext microtype ms physics preview ragged2e relsize rsfs \
+        mathastext microtype multitoc physics prelim2e preview ragged2e relsize rsfs \
         setspace standalone tipa wasy wasysym xcolor xetex xkeyval
 
 # clone and build manim

docs/i18n/sv/LC_MESSAGES/tutorials/building_blocks.po

@@ -163,8 +163,8 @@ msgid "Creating a custom animation"
 msgstr "Skapa en egen animation"
 
 #: ../../source/tutorials/building_blocks.rst:299
-msgid "Even though Manim has many built-in animations, you will find times when you need to smoothly animate from one state of a :class:`~.Mobject` to another. If you find yourself in that situation, then you can define your own custom animation. You start by extending the :class:`~.Animation` class and overriding its :meth:`~.Animation.interpolate_mobject`. The :meth:`~.Animation.interpolate_mobject` method receives alpha as a parameter that starts at 0 and changes throughout the animation. So, you just have to manipulate self.mobject inside Animation according to the alpha value in its interpolate_mobject method. Then you get all the benefits of :class:`~.Animation` such as playing it for different run times or using different rate functions."
-msgstr "Även om Manim har många inbyggda animationer, kommer det vara stunder när du behöver animera smidigt från ett tillstånd av ett :class:`~.Mobject` till ett annat. Om du befinner dig i den situationen kan du definiera en egen animation. Du börjar med att utöka :class:`~.Animation`-klassen och åsidosätter dess :meth:`~.Animation.interpolate_mobject`. :meth:`~.Animation.interpolate_mobject` -metoden får alfa som en parameter som startar vid 0 och ändras under hela animationen. Så du behöver bara manipulera self.mobject inuti Animation enligt alfa värdet i dess interpolate_mobject-metod. Då får du alla fördelar med :class:`~.Animation` såsom att spela det under olika körtider eller använda olika hastighetsfunktioner."
+msgid "Even though Manim has many built-in animations, you will find times when you need to smoothly animate from one state of a :class:`~.Mobject` to another. If you find yourself in that situation, then you can define your own custom animation. You start by extending the :class:`~.Animation` class and overriding its :meth:`~.Animation.interpolate`. The :meth:`~.Animation.interpolate` method receives alpha as a parameter that starts at 0 and changes throughout the animation. So, you just have to manipulate self.mobject inside Animation according to the alpha value in its interpolate method. Then you get all the benefits of :class:`~.Animation` such as playing it for different run times or using different rate functions."
+msgstr "Även om Manim har många inbyggda animationer, kommer det vara stunder när du behöver animera smidigt från ett tillstånd av ett :class:`~.Mobject` till ett annat. Om du befinner dig i den situationen kan du definiera en egen animation. Du börjar med att utöka :class:`~.Animation`-klassen och åsidosätter dess :meth:`~.Animation.interpolate`. :meth:`~.Animation.interpolate` -metoden får alfa som en parameter som startar vid 0 och ändras under hela animationen. Så du behöver bara manipulera self.mobject inuti Animation enligt alfa värdet i dess interpolate-metod. Då får du alla fördelar med :class:`~.Animation` såsom att spela det under olika körtider eller använda olika hastighetsfunktioner."
 
 #: ../../source/tutorials/building_blocks.rst:306
 msgid "Let's say you start with a number and want to create a :class:`~.Transform` animation that transforms it to a target number. You can do it using :class:`~.FadeTransform`, which will fade out the starting number and fade in the target number. But when we think about transforming a number from one to another, an intuitive way of doing it is by incrementing or decrementing it smoothly. Manim has a feature that allows you to customize this behavior by defining your own custom animation."
@@ -175,12 +175,12 @@ msgid "You can start by creating your own ``Count`` class that extends :class:`~
 msgstr "Du kan börja med att skapa din egen ``Count`` klass som utökar klassen :class:`~.Animation`. Klassen kan ha en konstruktor med tre argument, ett :class:`~.DecimalNumber` Mobject, start and end. Konstruktorn kommer att skicka :class:`~.DecimalNumber` Mobject till superkonstruktorn (i detta fall konstruktorn i :class:`~.Animation`) och kommer att ställa in start och slut."
 
 #: ../../source/tutorials/building_blocks.rst:315
-msgid "The only thing that you need to do is to define how you want it to look at every step of the animation. Manim provides you with the alpha value in the :meth:`~.Animation.interpolate_mobject` method based on frame rate of video, rate function, and run time of animation played. The alpha parameter holds a value between 0 and 1 representing the step of the currently playing animation. For example, 0 means the beginning of the animation, 0.5 means halfway through the animation, and 1 means the end of the animation."
-msgstr "Det enda du behöver göra är att definiera hur du vill att det ska se ut för varje steg i animationen. Manim ger dig alfavärdet i :meth:`~. nimation.interpolate_mobject' metoden baserat på bildhastigheten av videon, hastighetsfunktionen och körtiden för den animation som spelas. Alfaparametern har ett värde mellan 0 och 1 som representerar steget i den aktuella animationen. Till exempel betyder 0 början av animationen, 0,5 betyder halvvägs genom animationen och 1 betyder slutet av animationen."
+msgid "The only thing that you need to do is to define how you want it to look at every step of the animation. Manim provides you with the alpha value in the :meth:`~.Animation.interpolate` method based on frame rate of video, rate function, and run time of animation played. The alpha parameter holds a value between 0 and 1 representing the step of the currently playing animation. For example, 0 means the beginning of the animation, 0.5 means halfway through the animation, and 1 means the end of the animation."
+msgstr "Det enda du behöver göra är att definiera hur du vill att det ska se ut för varje steg i animationen. Manim ger dig alfavärdet i :meth:`~. nimation.interpolate' metoden baserat på bildhastigheten av videon, hastighetsfunktionen och körtiden för den animation som spelas. Alfaparametern har ett värde mellan 0 och 1 som representerar steget i den aktuella animationen. Till exempel betyder 0 början av animationen, 0,5 betyder halvvägs genom animationen och 1 betyder slutet av animationen."
 
 #: ../../source/tutorials/building_blocks.rst:320
-msgid "In the case of the ``Count`` animation, you just have to figure out a way to determine the number to display at the given alpha value and then set that value in the :meth:`~.Animation.interpolate_mobject` method of the ``Count`` animation. Suppose you are starting at 50 and incrementing until the :class:`~.DecimalNumber` reaches 100 at the end of the animation."
-msgstr "I fallet med ``Count`` animationen, behöver du bara hitta ett sätt att bestämma talet som ska visas för det givna alfavärdet och sedan ange det värdet i :meth:`~.Animation.interpolate_mobject` -metoden för ``Count``-animationen. Antag att du börjar med 50 och inkrementerar värdet tills :class:`~.DecimalNumber` når 100 i slutet av animationen."
+msgid "In the case of the ``Count`` animation, you just have to figure out a way to determine the number to display at the given alpha value and then set that value in the :meth:`~.Animation.interpolate` method of the ``Count`` animation. Suppose you are starting at 50 and incrementing until the :class:`~.DecimalNumber` reaches 100 at the end of the animation."
+msgstr "I fallet med ``Count`` animationen, behöver du bara hitta ett sätt att bestämma talet som ska visas för det givna alfavärdet och sedan ange det värdet i :meth:`~.Animation.interpolate` -metoden för ``Count``-animationen. Antag att du börjar med 50 och inkrementerar värdet tills :class:`~.DecimalNumber` når 100 i slutet av animationen."
 
 #: ../../source/tutorials/building_blocks.rst:323
 msgid "If alpha is 0, you want the value to be 50."

docs/source/contributing/docs.rst

@@ -81,3 +81,4 @@ Index
    docs/examples
    docs/references
    docs/typings
+   docs/types

docs/source/contributing/docs/types.rst

@@ -0,0 +1,134 @@
+===================
+Choosing Type Hints
+===================
+In order to provide the best user experience,
+it's important that type hints are chosen correctly.
+With the large variety of types provided by Manim, choosing
+which one to use can be difficult. This guide aims to
+aid you in the process of choosing the right type for the scenario.
+
+
+The first step is figuring out which category your type hint fits into.
+
+Coordinates
+-----------
+Coordinates encompass two main categories: points, and vectors.
+
+
+Points
+~~~~~~
+The purpose of points is pretty straightforward: they represent a point
+in space. For example:
+
+.. code-block:: python
+
+   def status2D(coord: Point2D) -> None:
+       x, y = coord
+       print(f"Point at {x=},{y=}")
+
+
+   def status3D(coord: Point3D) -> None:
+       x, y, z = coord
+       print(f"Point at {x=},{y=},{z=}")
+
+
+   def get_statuses(coords: Point2D_Array | Point3D_Array) -> None:
+       for coord in coords:
+           if len(coord) == 2:
+               # it's a Point2D
+               status2D(coord)
+           else:
+               # it's a point3D
+               status3D(coord)
+
+It's important to realize that the status functions accepted both
+tuples/lists of the correct length, and ``NDArray``'s of the correct shape.
+If they only accepted ``NDArray``'s, we would use their ``Internal`` counterparts:
+:class:`~.typing.InternalPoint2D`, :class:`~.typing.InternalPoint3D`, :class:`~.typing.InternalPoint2D_Array` and :class:`~.typing.InternalPoint3D_Array`.
+
+In general, the type aliases prefixed with ``Internal`` should never be used on
+user-facing classes and functions, but should be reserved for internal behavior.
+
+Vectors
+~~~~~~~
+Vectors share many similarities to points. However, they have a different
+connotation. Vectors should be used to represent direction. For example,
+consider this slightly contrived function:
+
+.. code-block:: python
+
+   def shift_mobject(mob: Mobject, direction: Vector3D, scale_factor: float = 1) -> mob:
+       return mob.shift(direction * scale_factor)
+
+Here we see an important example of the difference. ``direction`` can not, and
+should not, be typed as a :class:`~.typing.Point3D` because the function does not accept tuples/lists,
+like ``direction=(0, 1, 0)``. You could type it as :class:`~.typing.InternalPoint3D` and
+the type checker and linter would be happy; however, this makes the code harder
+to understand.
+
+As a general rule, if a parameter is called ``direction`` or ``axis``,
+it should be type hinted as some form of :class:`~.VectorND`.
+
+.. warning::
+
+   This is not always true. For example, as of Manim 0.18.0, the direction
+   parameter of the :class:`.Vector` Mobject should be ``Point2D | Point3D``,
+   as it can also accept ``tuple[float, float]`` and ``tuple[float, float, float]``.
+
+Colors
+------
+The interface Manim provides for working with colors is :class:`.ManimColor`.
+The main color types Manim supports are RGB, RGBA, and HSV. You will want
+to add type hints to a function depending on which type it uses. If any color will work,
+you will need something like:
+
+.. code-block:: python
+
+   if TYPE_CHECKING:
+       from manim.utils.color import ParsableManimColor
+
+   # type hint stuff with ParsableManimColor
+
+
+
+Béziers
+-------
+Manim internally represents a :class:`.Mobject` by a collection of points. In the case of :class:`.VMobject`,
+the most commonly used subclass of :class:`.Mobject`, these points represent Bézier curves,
+which are a way of representing a curve using a sequence of points.
+
+.. note::
+
+   To learn more about Béziers, take a look at https://pomax.github.io/bezierinfo/
+
+
+Manim supports two different renderers, which each have different representations of
+Béziers: Cairo uses cubic Bézier curves, while OpenGL uses quadratic Bézier curves.
+
+Type hints like :class:`~.typing.BezierPoints` represent a single bezier curve, and :class:`~.typing.BezierPath`
+represents multiple Bézier curves. A :class:`~.typing.Spline` is when the Bézier curves in a :class:`~.typing.BezierPath`
+forms a single connected curve. Manim also provides more specific type aliases when working with
+quadratic or cubic curves, and they are prefixed with their respective type (e.g. :class:`~.typing.CubicBezierPoints`,
+is a :class:`~.typing.BezierPoints` consisting of exactly 4 points representing a cubic Bézier curve).
+
+
+Functions
+---------
+Throughout the codebase, many different types of functions are used. The most obvious example
+is a rate function, which takes in a float and outputs a float (``Callable[[float], float]``).
+Another example is for overriding animations. One will often need to map a :class:`.Mobject`
+to an overridden :class:`.Animation`, and for that we have the :class:`~.typing.FunctionOverride` type hint.
+
+:class:`~.typing.PathFuncType` and :class:`~.typing.MappingFunction` are more niche, but are related to moving objects
+along a path, or applying functions. If you need to use it, you'll know.
+
+
+Images
+------
+There are several representations of images in Manim. The most common is
+the representation as a NumPy array of floats representing the pixels of an image.
+This is especially common when it comes to the OpenGL renderer.
+
+This is the use case of the :class:`~.typing.Image` type hint. Sometimes, Manim may use ``PIL.Image``,
+in which case one should use that type hint instead.
+Of course, if a more specific type of image is needed, it can be annotated as such.

docs/source/contributing/docs/typings.rst

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-==============
-Adding Typings
-==============
+==================
+Typing Conventions
+==================
 
 .. warning::
    This section is still a work in progress.