Merge bitcoin#31477: ci: Bump centos gcc to 12

fa47baa ci: Bump centos gcc (MarcoFalke)

Pull request description:

  Currently the centos stream9 CI task is using gcc-11. This is fine, because this is also the minimum supported.

  However:

  * There is already a CI task that is checking the minimum supported version: https://github.com/bitcoin/bitcoin/blob/62bd61de110b057cbfd6e31e4d0b727d93119c72/ci/test/00_setup_env_native_previous_releases.sh#L11-L12
  * The CI log is a bit useless, because it is mostly just `#warning _FORTIFY_SOURCE > 2 is treated like 2 on this platform [-Werror=cpp]`. This makes it harder to spot real warnings, such as bitcoin#31476

  Fix both issues by using gcc-12.

ACKs for top commit:
  hebasto:
    ACK fa47baa.

Tree-SHA512: 573618efc949437d33365a24f77a26a9b68457f7fb9bd603ee92bc5f17fec73ccba114cafb900eddee3531af47508ce5c246def93268787cdfa2b99e6f45a13d

ci/test/00_setup_env_i686_centos.sh

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env bash
 #
-# Copyright (c) 2020-2022 The Bitcoin Core developers
+# Copyright (c) 2020-present The Bitcoin Core developers
 # Distributed under the MIT software license, see the accompanying
 # file COPYING or http://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.php.
 
@@ -9,9 +9,9 @@ export LC_ALL=C.UTF-8
 export HOST=i686-pc-linux-gnu
 export CONTAINER_NAME=ci_i686_centos
 export CI_IMAGE_NAME_TAG="quay.io/centos/amd64:stream9"
-export CI_BASE_PACKAGES="gcc-c++ glibc-devel.x86_64 libstdc++-devel.x86_64 glibc-devel.i686 libstdc++-devel.i686 ccache make git python3 python3-pip which patch lbzip2 xz procps-ng dash rsync coreutils bison e2fsprogs cmake"
+export STREAM_GCC_V="12"
+export CI_BASE_PACKAGES="gcc-toolset-${STREAM_GCC_V}-gcc-c++ glibc-devel.x86_64 gcc-toolset-${STREAM_GCC_V}-libstdc++-devel.x86_64 glibc-devel.i686 gcc-toolset-${STREAM_GCC_V}-libstdc++-devel.i686 ccache make git python3 python3-pip which patch lbzip2 xz procps-ng dash rsync coreutils bison e2fsprogs cmake"
 export PIP_PACKAGES="pyzmq"
 export GOAL="install"
-export NO_WERROR=1  # Suppress error: #warning _FORTIFY_SOURCE > 2 is treated like 2 on this platform [-Werror=cpp]
 export BITCOIN_CONFIG="-DWITH_ZMQ=ON -DBUILD_GUI=ON -DREDUCE_EXPORTS=ON"
 export CONFIG_SHELL="/bin/dash"

ci/test/03_test_script.sh

@@ -93,6 +93,8 @@ fi
 if [ -z "$NO_DEPENDS" ]; then
   if [[ $CI_IMAGE_NAME_TAG == *centos* ]]; then
     SHELL_OPTS="CONFIG_SHELL=/bin/dash"
+    # shellcheck disable=SC1090
+    source "/opt/rh/gcc-toolset-${STREAM_GCC_V}/enable"
   else
     SHELL_OPTS="CONFIG_SHELL="
   fi