[Feature Request] support jsonDiscriminator in case class

[alphaho]

With a sealed trait like below, the anmailCodec would emita type property in the encoded json string as expected like: {"type": "dog", "name": "Snoopy"}.

import zio.json._

@jsonDiscriminator("type")
sealed trait Animal
object Animal {
  @jsonHint("dog")
  case class Dog(name: String) extends Animal
  object Dog {
    implicit val dogCodec: JsonCodec[Dog] = DeriveJsonCodec.gen
  }
  
  @jsonHint("cat")
  case class Cat(name: String, weight: Double) extends Animal

  implicit val animalCodec: JsonCodec[Animal] = DeriveJsonCodec.gen
}

But sometimes in the client code, I want to use the more specific Dog type instead of Animal. That requires me to define the dogCodec as above in Dog's companion object.
However, the dogCodec would not emit a type property in the encoded json, and get us something like {"name": "Snoopy"} instead. And it would not honor the type property during decoding, accepting invalid input with unexpected type.
For example, below test would fail as it parses the json successfully:

import zio.json._
import zio.test._

object AnimalCodecSpec extends ZIOSpecDefault {
  override def spec: Spec[TestEnvironment, Any] =
    test("this would fail, as it ignores the discriminator") {
      val json    = """{"type":"cat","name":"Kitty", "weight": 8}"""
      val decoded = json.fromJson[Dog]
      assertTrue(decoded.is(_.left.anything)) // decoded == Right(Dog(Kitty))
    }
}

One workaround I have is to define extra sealed traits for the case classes like the Dog type.
For example, to emit type property for Dog, we can:

@jsonDiscriminator("type")
sealed trait Animal2

object Animal2 {
  @jsonDiscriminator("type")
  sealed trait Dog extends Animal2 { // extra sealed trait needed as a workaround
    val name: String
  }

  @jsonHint("dog")
  case class DogImpl(name: String) extends Dog
  object Dog {
    implicit val dogCodec: JsonCodec[Dog] = DeriveJsonCodec.gen
  }

  @jsonHint("cat")
  case class Cat(name: String, weight: Double) extends Animal2

  implicit val animalCodec: JsonCodec[Animal2] = DeriveJsonCodec.gen
}

object Animal2CodecSpec extends ZIOSpecDefault {
  override def spec: Spec[TestEnvironment, Any] =
    test("this would success, as it honors the discriminator") {
      val json    = """{"type":"cat","name":"Kitty", "weight": 8}"""
      val decoded = json.fromJson[Animal2.Dog]
      assertTrue(decoded.is(_.left.anything)) // decoded == Left((invalid disambiguator))
    }
}

However, this workaround is quite verbose, especially if we need multiple case class codecs to emit the discriminator.
It would be better if:

1. we can support @jsonDiscriminator in case class (with the risk that the case class's jsonDiscriminator value different from the parent's jsonDiscriminator value), or
2. we can support reading the parent sealed trait's @jsonDiscriminator when we deriving case class's codec

[jdegoes]

/bounty $100

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Attempt	Started (GMT+0)	Solution
🟢 @987Nabil		#1112
🟢 @pablf		#1113

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