diff --git a/virtualizarr/backend.py b/virtualizarr/backend.py
index b2937093..78fea0a2 100644
--- a/virtualizarr/backend.py
+++ b/virtualizarr/backend.py
@@ -212,7 +212,6 @@ def open_virtual_dataarray(
     virtual_array_class=ManifestArray,
     reader_options: Optional[dict] = None,
 ) -> DataArray:
-    
     drop_variables, loadable_variables = check_for_collisions(
         drop_variables,
         loadable_variables,
diff --git a/virtualizarr/readers/common.py b/virtualizarr/readers/common.py
index 1fce389d..a546bc10 100644
--- a/virtualizarr/readers/common.py
+++ b/virtualizarr/readers/common.py
@@ -125,7 +125,6 @@ def construct_virtual_dataarray(
     coord_names: Iterable[str],
     attrs: dict[str, str],
 ) -> DataArray:
-
     vda = DataArray(
         data=virtual_var,
         coords=coord_names,
diff --git a/virtualizarr/readers/tiff.py b/virtualizarr/readers/tiff.py
index 9d170450..2dafff51 100644
--- a/virtualizarr/readers/tiff.py
+++ b/virtualizarr/readers/tiff.py
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 from typing import Iterable, Mapping, Optional
 
-from xarray import DataArray, Dataset, Index
 import zarr
+from xarray import DataArray, Dataset, Index
 
 from virtualizarr.readers.common import VirtualBackend
 from virtualizarr.readers.zarr import virtual_variable_from_zarr_array
@@ -18,7 +18,6 @@ def open_virtual_dataarray(
         indexes: Mapping[str, Index] | None = None,
         reader_options: Optional[dict] = None,
     ) -> Dataset:
-        
         from tifffile import imread
 
         store = imread(filepath, aszarr=True)
@@ -42,16 +41,17 @@ def open_virtual_dataset(
         indexes: Mapping[str, Index] | None = None,
         reader_options: Optional[dict] = None,
     ) -> Dataset:
-        
         from tifffile import imread
 
         store = imread(filepath, aszarr=True)
 
         try:
             zg = zarr.open_group(store, mode="r")
-        except zarr.errors.ContainsArrayError as err:
+        except zarr.errors.ContainsArrayError:
             # TODO tidy this up
-            print("TIFF file contains only a single array, please use `open_virtual_dataarray` instead")
+            print(
+                "TIFF file contains only a single array, please use `open_virtual_dataarray` instead"
+            )
             raise
 
         raise NotImplementedError()
diff --git a/virtualizarr/readers/zarr.py b/virtualizarr/readers/zarr.py
index 4fda7e5d..84893dbc 100644
--- a/virtualizarr/readers/zarr.py
+++ b/virtualizarr/readers/zarr.py
@@ -1,10 +1,10 @@
 import io
 
-from xarray import Variable
 import zarr
+from xarray import Variable
 
-from virtualizarr.zarr import ZArray
 from virtualizarr.manifests import ChunkManifest, ManifestArray
+from virtualizarr.zarr import ZArray
 
 
 def virtual_variable_from_zarr_array(za: zarr.Array) -> Variable:
@@ -28,9 +28,9 @@ def virtual_variable_from_zarr_array(za: zarr.Array) -> Variable:
         order=za.order,
         compressor=za.compressor,
         filters=za.filters,
-        #zarr_format=za.zarr_format,
+        # zarr_format=za.zarr_format,
     )
-    
+
     manifest = chunkmanifest_from_zarr_array(za)
 
     ma = ManifestArray(chunkmanifest=manifest, zarray=zarray)
@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ def chunkmanifest_from_zarr_array(za: zarr.Array) -> ChunkManifest:
     of2 = io.StringIO()
 
     # TODO handle remote urls
-    za.store.write_fsspec(of2)# , url=url)
+    za.store.write_fsspec(of2)  # , url=url)
     out = ujson.loads(of2.getvalue())
 
     print(out)