BlurHashDecode.swift

import UIKit

extension UIImage {
    public convenience init?(blurHash: String, size: CGSize, punch: Float = 1) {
        guard blurHash.count >= 6 else { return nil }

		let sizeFlag = String(blurHash[0]).decode83()
		let numY = (sizeFlag / 9) + 1
		let numX = (sizeFlag % 9) + 1

		let quantisedMaximumValue = String(blurHash[1]).decode83()
        let maximumValue = Float(quantisedMaximumValue + 1) / 166

        guard blurHash.count == 4 + 2 * numX * numY else { return nil }

        let colours: [(Float, Float, Float)] = (0 ..< numX * numY).map { i in
            if i == 0 {
				let value = String(blurHash[2 ..< 6]).decode83()
                return decodeDC(value)
            } else {
                let value = String(blurHash[4 + i * 2 ..< 4 + i * 2 + 2]).decode83()
                return decodeAC(value, maximumValue: maximumValue * punch)
            }
        }

        let width = Int(size.width)
        let height = Int(size.height)
        let bytesPerRow = width * 3
        guard let data = CFDataCreateMutable(kCFAllocatorDefault, bytesPerRow * height) else { return nil }
        CFDataSetLength(data, bytesPerRow * height)
        guard let pixels = CFDataGetMutableBytePtr(data) else { return nil }

        for y in 0 ..< height {
            for x in 0 ..< width {
                var r: Float = 0
                var g: Float = 0
                var b: Float = 0

                for j in 0 ..< numY {
                    for i in 0 ..< numX {
                        let basis = cos(Float.pi * Float(x) * Float(i) / Float(width)) * cos(Float.pi * Float(y) * Float(j) / Float(height))
                        let colour = colours[i + j * numX]
                        r += colour.0 * basis
                        g += colour.1 * basis
                        b += colour.2 * basis
                    }
                }

                let intR = UInt8(linearTosRGB(r))
                let intG = UInt8(linearTosRGB(g))
                let intB = UInt8(linearTosRGB(b))

                pixels[3 * x + 0 + y * bytesPerRow] = intR
                pixels[3 * x + 1 + y * bytesPerRow] = intG
                pixels[3 * x + 2 + y * bytesPerRow] = intB
            }
        }

        let bitmapInfo = CGBitmapInfo(rawValue: CGImageAlphaInfo.none.rawValue)

        guard let provider = CGDataProvider(data: data) else { return nil }
        guard let cgImage = CGImage(width: width, height: height, bitsPerComponent: 8, bitsPerPixel: 24, bytesPerRow: bytesPerRow,
        space: CGColorSpaceCreateDeviceRGB(), bitmapInfo: bitmapInfo, provider: provider, decode: nil, shouldInterpolate: true, intent: .defaultIntent) else { return nil }

        self.init(cgImage: cgImage)
    }
}

private func decodeDC(_ value: Int) -> (Float, Float, Float) {
    let intR = value >> 16
    let intG = (value >> 8) & 255
    let intB = value & 255
    return (sRGBToLinear(intR), sRGBToLinear(intG), sRGBToLinear(intB))
}

private func decodeAC(_ value: Int, maximumValue: Float) -> (Float, Float, Float) {
	let quantR = value / (19 * 19)
	let quantG = (value / 19) % 19
	let quantB = value % 19

	let rgb = (
		signPow((Float(quantR) - 9) / 9, 2) * maximumValue,
		signPow((Float(quantG) - 9) / 9, 2) * maximumValue,
		signPow((Float(quantB) - 9) / 9, 2) * maximumValue
	)

	return rgb
}

private func signPow(_ value: Float, _ exp: Float) -> Float {
    return copysign(pow(abs(value), exp), value)
}

private func linearTosRGB(_ value: Float) -> Int {
    let v = max(0, min(1, value))
    if v <= 0.0031308 { return Int(v * 12.92 * 255 + 0.5) }
    else { return Int((1.055 * pow(v, 1 / 2.4) - 0.055) * 255 + 0.5) }
}

private func sRGBToLinear<Type: BinaryInteger>(_ value: Type) -> Float {
    let v = Float(Int64(value)) / 255
    if v <= 0.04045 { return v / 12.92 }
    else { return pow((v + 0.055) / 1.055, 2.4) }
}

private let encodeCharacters: [String] = {
    return "0123456789ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz#$%*+,-.:;=?@[]^_{|}~".map { String($0) }
}()

private let decodeCharacters: [String: Int] = {
	var dict: [String: Int] = [:]
	for (index, character) in encodeCharacters.enumerated() {
		dict[character] = index
	}
	return dict
}()

extension String {
	func decode83() -> Int {
		var value: Int = 0
		for character in self {
			if let digit = decodeCharacters[String(character)] {
				value = value * 83 + digit
			}
		}
		return value
	}
}

private extension String {
	subscript (offset: Int) -> Character {
		return self[index(startIndex, offsetBy: offset)]
	}

	subscript (bounds: CountableClosedRange<Int>) -> Substring {
		let start = index(startIndex, offsetBy: bounds.lowerBound)
		let end = index(startIndex, offsetBy: bounds.upperBound)
		return self[start...end]
	}

	subscript (bounds: CountableRange<Int>) -> Substring {
		let start = index(startIndex, offsetBy: bounds.lowerBound)
		let end = index(startIndex, offsetBy: bounds.upperBound)
		return self[start..<end]
	}
}