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<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<title>Deploying with Docker | William Durand</title>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="reveal.js/css/reveal.min.css">
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<script>
if (window.location.search.match(/print-pdf/gi)) {
document.write('<link rel="stylesheet" href="css/pdf.css" type="text/css">');
}
</script>
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<script src="reveal.js/lib/js/html5shiv.js"></script>
<![endif]-->
</head>
<body>
<img src="images/symfony-tn.png" id="logo">
<div class="reveal">
<div class="slides">
<section>
<h2>Deploying with<img src="images/docker.png" class="no-border"></h2>
<p><small><em>William Durand - April 17th, 2015</em></small></p>
</section>
<section>
<section data-markdown>
<script type="text/template">
## Docker In A Nutshell
</script>
</section>
<section data-markdown>
<script type="text/template">
### Containers
<br>
A **container** is an **operating-system level
virtualization** method that provides a completely
**isolated environment**, simulating a closed
system running on a single host.
<br>
_chroot, OpenVZ, Jail, LXC, etc._
</script>
</section>
<section data-markdown class="no-border">
<script type="text/template">
### Containers vs VMs
<br>
</script>
</section>
<section data-markdown>
<script type="text/template">
### Docker
<br>
* Developed by Docker.inc (formerly DotCloud)
* Open platform for developing, shipping,<br>and running applications
* Use [libcontainer](http://blog.docker.com/2014/03/docker-0-9-introducing-execution-drivers-and-libcontainer/)
as execution driver
</script>
</section>
<section data-markdown class="no-border">
<script type="text/template">
### Docker's Architecture
<br>
</script>
</section>
<section data-markdown class="no-border">
<script type="text/template">
### [Try It!](https://www.docker.com/tryit/)
</script>
</section>
</section>
<section data-markdown>
<script type="text/template">
## The Plan
<br>
* **Simple** solution to deploy my application
* **Idempotent** and **reliable** process
* **No** need for rollbacks
* Targetting **zero** downtime
* Single host
</script>
</section>
<section>
<section data-markdown>
<script type="text/template">
## Methodology
</script>
</section>
<section data-markdown>
<script type="text/template">
### Twelve Factors
<br>
* **One codebase** tracked in revision control,<br>many deploys
* Store **config in the environment**
* Keep development, staging, and production<br>as **similar** as possible
<br>
<small>
[12factor.net](http://12factor.net/)
</small>
</script>
</section>
</section>
<section>
<section data-markdown>
<script type="text/template">
## Infrastructure
</script>
</section>
<section data-markdown>
<script type="text/template">
### Services
<br>
* Reverse proxy: [Hipache](https://github.com/hipache/hipache) (+ [Redis](http://redis.io/))
* Backend: [Nginx](http://nginx.org/) + [HHVM](http://hhvm.com/) + **application**
* Sessions are stored into [memcached](http://memcached.org/)
* Database (MySQL)
</script>
</section>
<section data-markdown class="no-border">
<script type="text/template">
### Overall Architecture
<br>
</script>
</section>
<section data-markdown class="no-border">
<script type="text/template">
### Application's `fig.yml`
<br>
``` yaml
web:
build: .
# No support for `env-file` yet...
# See: https://github.com/docker/fig/pull/665
environment:
- SYMFONY_ENV=dev
- SYMFONY_DEBUG=1
- SYMFONY__MEMCACHED_HOST=memcached
- SYMFONY__MEMCACHED_PORT=11211
- SYMFONY__SESSION_MEMCACHED_PREFIX=session
- SYMFONY__SESSION_MEMCACHED_EXPIRE=604800
links:
- memcached
- database
```
</script>
</section>
<section data-markdown>
<script type="text/template">
### Data Only Containers
<br>
Data, logs, etc. MUST live in **data only containers**:
``` yaml
# fig.yml
redis:
image: redis
volumes_from:
- dataredis
dataredis:
image: busybox
volumes:
- /data
```
Wanna backup? <i class="fa fa-smile-o"></i>
```
docker run --rm \
--volumes-from dataredis \
-v $(pwd):/backup \
busybox \
tar cvf /backup/dataredis.tgz /data
```
</script>
</section>
<section data-markdown class="no-border">
<script type="text/template">
### Application's `Dockerfile`
<br>
```
FROM debian:wheezy
MAINTAINER William Durand <[email protected]>
ENV DEBIAN_FRONTEND noninteractive
# Let APT know about HHVM repo...
RUN apt-get update -y
RUN apt-get install -y nginx hhvm supervisor
# Configure Nginx, HHVM, Supervisor here...
ADD . /app
WORKDIR /app
EXPOSE 80
CMD [ "/usr/bin/supervisord" ]
```
</script>
</section>
<section data-markdown>
<script type="text/template">
### DNS
<br>
`example.org` <i class="fa fa-arrow-right"></i> `www.example.org`
<br>
Configured at the **DNS** level. Faster than making
<br>this redirection using the load balancer.
</script>
</section>
<section data-markdown>
<script type="text/template">
### SSL
<br>
Hipache listens on ports `80` and `443`.
<br>
Patched version of Hipache to redirect<br>HTTP traffic to HTTPS.
Sort of SSL offloading.
<br>
<i class="fa fa-github"></i> [willdurand/docker-hipache](https://github.com/willdurand/docker-hipache)
</script>
</section>
</section>
<section>
<section data-markdown>
<script type="text/template">
## Deploy
</script>
</section>
<section data-markdown>
<script type="text/template">
### 1. Build Artifact
<br>
```
git archive --format tar --prefix myapp/ <SHA> | (cd /tmp && tar xf -)
```
<br>
**Protip:** use a Docker container to run [build tools](https://github.com/willdurand/docker-buildtools):
```
cd /tmp/myapp
docker run --rm -v `pwd`:/srv buildtools composer install
docker run --rm -v `pwd`:/srv buildtools bundle install
docker run --rm -v `pwd`:/srv buildtools bower install
rm <USELESS/TEMP FILES>
```
</script>
</section>
<section data-markdown>
<script type="text/template">
### 2. Build Container (From Artifact)
<br>
```
docker build -t myapp:latest .
```
</script>
</section>
<section data-markdown>
<script type="text/template">
### 3. Push It
<br>
```
docker push
```
<br>
<i class="fa fa-info-circle"></i> Or whatever that makes the image
<br>available on the production server.
</script>
</section>
<section data-markdown>
<script type="text/template">
### 4. Retrieve Running Containers
<br>
```
RUNNING_CIDS=$(docker ps | grep web | cut -d ' ' -f 1)
```
</script>
</section>
<section data-markdown>
<script type="text/template">
### 5. Run The New Container
<br>
```
fig run -d --no-deps --rm web
```
<br>
<i class="fa fa-warning"></i> Booting the container may take a few seconds, wait.
</script>
</section>
<section data-markdown>
<script type="text/template">
### 6. Register It As Backend
<br>
```
IP=$(docker inspect --format='{{ .NetworkSettings.IPAddress }}' <CID>)
```
```
fig run --rm rediscli rpush frontend:www.example.com "http://$IP:80"
```
<br>
```
# fig.yml
rediscli:
image: redis
entrypoint: [ redis-cli, -h, redis ]
links:
- redis
```
</script>
</section>
<section data-markdown>
<script type="text/template">
### 7. Unregister Previous Backends
<br>
For each container id `CID` in `$RUNNING_CIDS`, do:
```
IP=$(docker inspect --format='{{ .NetworkSettings.IPAddress }}' <CID>)
fig run --rm rediscli lrem frontend:www.example.com 0 "http://$IP:80"
```
<br>
<i class="fa fa-warning"></i> New backend is up and serves requests. However,
previous backends may still process requests. Wait.
</script>
</section>
<section data-markdown>
<script type="text/template">
### 8. Stop Previous Containers
<br>
For each container id `CID` in `$RUNNING_CIDS`, do:
```
docker stop <CID>
```
</script>
</section>
<section data-markdown>
<script type="text/template">
### 9. Tag A Release (And Profit!)
<br>
</script>
</section>
</section>
<section>
<section data-markdown>
<script type="text/template">
## Database Migrations
</script>
</section>
<section data-markdown>
<script type="text/template">
### This Is *My* Vision
<br>
* Use [Phinx](https://phinx.org/) (or
[Flyway](http://flywaydb.org/)) to write your
migration scripts
* Put you migration scripts **under version control**
* **Test** your migration scripts
* Applying your migration scripts should be done
asynchronously (i.e. not tied to a deployment)
* This is *tricky* (i.e. not easy)
* **You need a plan**!
</script>
</section>
<section data-markdown>
<script type="text/template">
### Adding A New Column/Table
<br>
1. Prepare your migration **before** modifying your code
2. Apply your migration
3. Update your code
</script>
</section>
<section data-markdown>
<script type="text/template">
### Modifying A Column Type
<br>
1. Create a new column with the new type as a migration
2. Apply your migration
3. Create a migration to populate the new column
4. Apply your second migration
5. Update your code to use this new column (your code
should deal with both columns)
6. Rename the first column as "deprecated", and the new
one using the original name
7. Remove hacks introduced in 5
</script>
</section>
<section data-markdown>
<script type="text/template">
### Renaming A Column/Table
<br>
1. Create a new column or table with the new name
rather than "renaming" it
2. Apply your migration
3. Update your code to use the new column/table *but*
keep using the former
4. Create a migration to populate the new column/table
5. Apply your migration
6. Update your code to use the new column/table
6. Rename the former column/table as "deprecated"
7. Remove hacks introduced in 3
</script>
</section>
<section data-markdown>
<script type="text/template">
### Deleting A Column/Table
<br>
Rename it rather than deleting it. Wait for a
**maintenance party** to delete `*_deprecated`
<br>columns and/or tables.
<br>
**Protip:** when marking a column/table as
**deprecated**, add the date too:
`_deprecated_2015_01_01`.
</script>
</section>
<section data-markdown>
<script type="text/template">
### Making Changes On The Data
<br>
Avoid it as long as you can, but
sometimes,<br>there are no other alternatives.
This implies a **maintenance** mode: **be careful!**
<br>
1. Put your service in maintenance mode
2. Apply your changes
3. Put your service back online
</script>
</section>
</section>
<section>
<section data-markdown>
<script type="text/template">
## Benchmarking
</script>
</section>
<section data-markdown class="no-border">
<script type="text/template">
Like [Apache Bench](http://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.2/programs/ab.html), but **better!**
<br>
<i class="fa fa-github"></i> [tarekziade/boom](https://github.com/tarekziade/boom)
</script>
</section>
<section data-markdown>
<script type="text/template">
### 1. Run `boom`
<br>
```
boom https://www.example.org/ -n 2000 -c 50
Server Software: nginx/1.2.1
Running GET https://www.example.org/
Running 2000 times per 50 workers.
[====================================================>.] 99% Done
-------- Results --------
Successful calls 2000
Total time 137.1827 s
Average 6.7114 s
Fastest 2.3701 s
Slowest 9.4738 s
Amplitude 7.1037 s
-------- Status codes --------
Code 200 2000 times.
```
</script>
</section>
<section data-markdown>
<script type="text/template">
### 2. Deploy
<br>
```
fab deploy --hide=running,stdout,stderr
---> Deploying branch "awesome-feature"
---> Building artifact
---> Artifact id is: "build-8fe47fc"
---> Pushing artifact to the server
---> Building container
---> Finding running containers
---> Starting new container
---> Waiting while container is booting
---> Registering new backend to Hipache
---> Unregistering the previous backends from Hipache
---> Waiting before stopping the previous backends
Done.
```
<br>
<i class="fa fa-info-circle"></i> I use [Fabric](http://www.fabfile.org/).
</script>
</section>
<section data-markdown class="no-border">
<script type="text/template">
### 3. Monitor
<br>
**E**lasticsearch, **L**ogstash, **K**ibana
<br>+<br>
Logstash Forwarder (_lumberjack_)
<br>
<i class="fa fa-github"></i> [willdurand/docker-elk](https://github.com/willdurand/docker-elk)
<i class="fa fa-github"></i> [willdurand/docker-logstash-forwarder](https://github.com/willdurand/docker-logstash-forwarder)
</script>
</section>
<section data-markdown class="no-border">
<script type="text/template">
</script>
</section>
</section>
<section>
<section data-markdown>
<script type="text/template">
## Testing
</script>
</section>
<section data-markdown class="no-border">
<script type="text/template">
</script>
</section>
<section data-markdown>
<script type="text/template">
### `wercker.yml`
<br>
```
box: wercker-labs/docker
build:
steps:
- script:
name: install Fig
code: |
curl -L https://.../fig-`uname -s`-`uname -m` > fig ; chmod +x fig
sudo mv fig /usr/local/bin/fig
- ...
```
</script>
</section>
<section data-markdown>
<script type="text/template">
### 1. Build Artifact
<br>
```
- script:
name: build artifact
code: |
FAB_DIST_DIR="$WERCKER_OUTPUT_DIR" \
bin/fabric build:commit="$WERCKER_GIT_COMMIT"
```
</script>
</section>
<section data-markdown>
<script type="text/template">
### 2. Build a Docker Image
<br>
```
- script:
name: build image
code: |
cd "$WERCKER_OUTPUT_DIR/build-$WERCKER_GIT_COMMIT"
fig -f "$WERCKER_SOURCE_DIR/fig.yml.dist" build web
```
</script>
</section>
<section data-markdown>
<script type="text/template">
### 3. Run a Container
<br>
```
- script:
name: run container
code: |
cd "$WERCKER_OUTPUT_DIR/build-$WERCKER_GIT_COMMIT"
fig -f "$WERCKER_SOURCE_DIR/fig.yml.dist" run -d web
sleep 20
```
</script>
</section>
<section data-markdown>
<script type="text/template">
### 4. Run Tests \o/
<br>
```
- script:
name: run test suite
code: |
export IP=$(docker inspect --format='{{ .NetworkSettings.IPAddress }}'\
"$(docker ps -q | head -n 1)")
echo "IP address is: $IP" | tee "$WERCKER_REPORT_MESSAGE_FILE"
bin/test
```
</script>
</section>
<section data-markdown>
<script type="text/template">
### Smoke Testing
<br>
``` ruby
require "httparty"
describe "The web server" do
before(:all) do
ip = ENV["IP"] or 'localhost'
@response = HTTParty.get(
"http://#{ip}:80",
:basic_auth => { :username => "privatedemo", :password => "please" }
)
end
it "should return a 200 status code" do
@response.code.should == 200
end
end
```
[RSpec](http://rspec.info/) + [httparty](https://github.com/jnunemaker/httparty) = ♥
</script>
</section>
<section data-markdown class="no-border">
<script type="text/template">
</script>
</section>
</section>
<section data-markdown>
<script type="text/template">
## Thank You.
### Questions?
<br>
<br>
<br>
<ul class="me">
<!--
<li>
<p><i class="fa fa-comments-o"></i><a href="https://joind.in/XXX" title="joindin">joind.in/XXX</a></p>
</li>
-->
<li>
<p><i class="fa fa-globe"></i><a href="http://williamdurand.fr" title="website">williamdurand.fr</a></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><i class="fa fa-github"></i><a href="https://github.com/willdurand" title="github">github.com/willdurand</a></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><i class="fa fa-twitter"></i><a href="https://twitter.com/couac" title="twitter">twitter.com/couac</a></p>
</li>
</ul>
</script>
</section>
<section>
<section data-markdown>
<script type="text/template">
## Bonus
</script>
</section>
<section data-markdown>
<script type="text/template">
### Fig & Environments
<br>
> Keep development, staging, and production as **similar** as possible<br><small><br>X. Dev/prod parity — 12 Factors</small>
<br>
``` yaml
# fig.yml.dist
web:
# In PRODUCTION, the line below MUST be COMMENTED:
build: .
# In PRODUCTION, the line below must be UNCOMMENTED:
# image: myapp
# ...
```
</script>
</section>
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