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<!doctype html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0, maximum-scale=1.0, user-scalable=no">
<title>GRASS GIS: Getting Started (NCGIS 2019)</title>
<meta name="description" content="GRASS GIS talk slides for NCGIS2019">
<meta name="author" content="Vaclav Petras, Corey White, Doug Newcomb">
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<body>
<div class="reveal">
<div class="slides">
<section>
<h1>GRASS GIS</h1>
<h2>Getting Started</h2>
<p style="margin-top: 0.5em">
<a href="http://wenzeslaus.github.io/">Vaclav (Vashek) Petras</a>
</p>
<p class="title-foot">
<a href="http://geospatial.ncsu.edu/osgeorel/" title="NCSU GeoForAll Lab">NCSU GeoForAll Lab</a>
at the
<a href="http://geospatial.ncsu.edu/" title="NCSU Center for Geospatial Analytics">Center for Geospatial Analytics</a>
<br>
<a href="http://www.ncsu.edu/" title="North Carolina State University">North Carolina State University</a>
</p>
<p><small>
Corey White, NCSU
<br>
Doug Newcomb, USFWS
</small></p>
<img src="img/grass_gis.svg" class="stretch">
<p><small>NCGIS 2019 Winston-Salem</small></p>
</section>
<section>
<h2>GRASS GIS</h2>
<ul>
<li>
Timeline:
<ul>
<li>1983 started at US Army CERL
<small>
as a land management system
</small>
<ul>
<li>William Shatner narrates a promotional video <small><a href="https://doi.org/10.5446/12963">doi.org/10.5446/12963</a></small>
<li>evolved into a general purpose GIS
</ul>
<li>1999 international team of developers + GNU GPL
<li>2008 OSGeo Project
<li>2018 35 years of GRASS GIS development
<li>2019 latest release Jan 21, 2019 <small>(7.6.0)</small>
<li>check out <a href="https://trac.osgeo.org/grass/timeline">last change</a>
<small>(probably just few hours ago)</small>
</ul>
</ul>
<img src="img/grass_logo_development.png" class="stretch">
</section>
<section>
<h2>Licensing</h2>
<ul>
<li>According to Stallman,
there are four freedoms that you should have <em>as a user:</em>
<ul>
<li>the freedom to use the software for any purpose,
<li>the freedom to change the software to suit your needs,
<li>the freedom to share the software, and
<li>the freedom to share the changes you make.
</ul>
</ul>
<figure>
<img src="img/gpl_logo.svg" style="width: 30%">
<figcaption><small class="credit">Logo of GNU GPL license, version 3 (GRASS GIS is under GPL >=v2)</small></figcaption>
</figure>
<p>
<small class="credit">
Stallman, R. M. (2002). Free software, free society: selected essays. Ed. by J. Gay. 1st. ed. OCLC:
253840339. Boston, Mass: Free Software Foundation. 220 pp. ISBN 978-1-882114-98-6.
</small>
</section>
<section>
<h2>Processing Capabilities Overview</h2>
<dl style="font-size: 70%;">
<dt>raster and 3D raster</dt>
<dd>
map algebra, DEM, interpolation, flow, neighborhood, solar, cost surfaces, ...
</dd>
<dt>imagery (remote sensing)</dt>
<dd>
rectification, multispectral, classification, segmentation, PCA, FFT, ...
</dd>
<dt>vector and database</dt>
<dd>
buffers, overlays, networks, topology, attribute management, SQL, ...
</dd>
<dt>spatio-temporal data (time series)</dt>
<dd>
sampling, statistics, aggregation, temporal topology, algebra, ...
</dd>
</dl>
<img src="img/hexagons_python_editor.png" class="stretch">
</section>
<section>
<h2>General Capabilities Overview</h2>
<dl style="font-size: 70%;">
<dt>visualization</dt>
<dd>
2D display, 3D visualization, temporal visualization, PNG, PS and PDF maps, ...
</dd>
<dt>interoperability</dt>
<dd>
import from and export to different formats, WMS, JSON, ...
</dd>
<dt>extensibility</dt>
<dd>
scriptable <small>(typically Python or Bash)</small>, custom tools <small>(typically Python or C)</small>, ...
</dd>
</dl>
<img src="img/drone_3d.png" class="stretch">
</section>
<section>
<h2>Software Description</h2>
<ul>
<li>portable:
<ul>
<li>many operating systems: MS Windows, macOS, Linux, ...
<li>32bit and 64bit versions
<li>high-end desktops, low-end laptops,
Raspberry Pi,
High-Performance Computing clusters, ...
</ul>
<li>single integrated software
<li>written in C and Python
</ul>
<img src="img/modeler_skyview.png" class="stretch">
</section>
<section>
<h2>Modules</h2>
<p>Functionality is divided into modules <small>(over 500)</small></p>
<table style="font-size: smaller;"><tbody>
<tr>
<th>Prefix</th>
<th>Functionality</th>
<th>Example</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>r.</td>
<td>raster processing</td>
<td>r.mapcalc: raster map algebra</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>v.</td>
<td>vector processing</td>
<td>v.surf.rst: interpolation from points</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>g.</td>
<td>general management</td>
<td>g.remove: removes maps</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>d.</td>
<td>display and rendering</td>
<td>d.rast: display raster map</td>
</tr>
<!-- not relevant to 582 course and not enough space
<tr>
<td>i.</td>
<td>imagery processing</td>
<td>i.segment: image segmentation</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>r3.</td>
<td>3D raster processing</td>
<td>r3.stats: 3D raster statistics</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>t.</td>
<td>temporal data processing</td>
<td>t.rast.aggregate: temporal aggregation</td>
</tr>
-->
</tbody></table>
<small>There is more: i., t., r3., m., ps.</small>
<br>
<img src="img/gui_with_lidar_veg_bg.png" class="stretch">
</section>
<section>
<h2>User Interfaces</h2>
<ul>
<li>Modules can be accessed using:
<ul>
<li>Graphical User Interface (GUI)
<li>Command Line Interface (CLI)
<li>Python (API)
</ul>
</ul>
<br>
<img src="img/grass_count_and_modules.png" class="stretch">
</section>
<section>
<h2>GUI</h2>
<ul>
<li>The interface for desktop
</ul>
<br>
<img src="img/grass_gui.png" class="stretch">
</section>
<section>
<h2>GUI for modules</h2>
<ul>
<li>All modules have standardized, unified interface layout.
</ul>
<br>
<img src="img/r_neighbors_dialog.png" class="stretch">
<p><small>
Standard dialog (form) for the r.neighbors module
</small></p>
</section>
<section>
<h2>Graphical Modeler</h2>
<ul>
<li>Visual programing tool
</ul>
<br>
<img src="img/gmodeler.png" class="stretch">
</section>
<section>
<h2>Command Line</h2>
<ul>
<li>The baseline interface for efficiency and reproducibility
<li>Available in GUI as Console with autocomplete functions
</ul>
<pre>r.fill.dir input=elev output=fill direction=dir
</pre>
<img src="img/grass_cli.png" class="stretch">
</section>
<section>
<h2>Python</h2>
<ul>
<li><em>grass</em> package part of GRASS GIS
<li>access to modules, but also to internal C functions
<li>integrated Python editor in GRASS GIS
<li>integrates with Jupyter Notebooks
<li>combine with PyPI <em><a href="https://pypi.org/project/grass-session/">grass-session</a></em> package for external use
<small>(<code>pip install grass-session</code> and <code>import grass_session</code>)</small>
</ul>
<pre><code>import grass.script as gs
gs.run_command('r.fill.dir', input='elev',
output='fill', direction='dir')
</code></pre>
<img src="img/pyedit.png" class="stretch">
</section>
<section>
<h2>Duality between GUI and commands</h2>
<div class="left">
<img src="img/r_in_lidar_dialog.png" style="width: 100%;">
</div>
<div class="right">
<small>Command line (Bash):</small>
<br>
<img src="img/r_in_lidar_command_in_bash.png" style="width: 100%;">
<small>Python:</small>
<br>
<img src="img/r_in_lidar_command_in_python.png" style="width: 100%;">
</div>
<p><small>
Examples in the documentation and class instructions are usually
provided as commands which can be used to fill in the GUI, write Python
code, or run them directly.
</small></p>
</section>
<section>
<h2>3rd Party Interfaces</h2>
<ul>
<li>QGIS Processing Plugin
<li>QGIS GRASS Plugin
<li>R <em>rgrass7</em> package
</ul>
<br>
<img src="img/qgis_processing.png" class="stretch">
</section>
<section>
<h2>3rd Party Interfaces</h2>
<ul>
<li>Actinia <small>– The GRASS GIS REST API</small>
<ul>
<li>Used in the OpenEO GRASS GIS driver
</ul>
</ul>
<br>
<img src="img/actinia_logo.svg" class="stretch">
</section>
<section>
<h2>3rd Party Interfaces</h2>
<ul>
<li>Tangible Landscape
<ul>
<li>tangible user interface to GRASS GIS and Blender
<li>by NC State University, Center for Geospatial Analytics
</ul>
</ul>
<p>
<iframe data-autoplay width="700" height="350" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/Uje8ORyhBaQ?rel=0&showinfo=0&loop=1&playlist=Uje8ORyhBaQ" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen></iframe>
<p><small>
Modules running: v.surf.rst, r.contour, r.fill.dir, r.sim.water
</small></p>
</section>
<section>
<h2>APIs</h2>
<ul>
<li>native:
<ul>
<li>C (usable in C++)
<li>Python
<li>command line (Bash, cmd, …)
</ul>
<li>3rd party:
<ul>
<li>R (<em>rgrass7</em> package)
<li>Ruby (<em>grassgis</em> gem)
<li>Java (<em>JGrasstools</em> library)
</ul>
<li>as backend:
<ul>
<li><em>QGIS Processing</em> (Python and R APIs)
<li><em>PyWPS, ZOO-Project</em> (OGC WPS)
<li><em>Actinia</em> (REST)
<li><em>gvSIG JGrasstools Spatial Toolbox</em> <small>under development</small>
</ul>
</section>
<section>
<h2>GRASS GIS in the FOSS Ecosystem</h2>
<dl>
<dt>GRASS GIS</dt>
<dd>
Geospatial processing, algorithms, and workflows
</dd>
<dt>Inkscape, Gimp, ImageMagic, GMT, QGIS</dt>
<dd>
Graphics and refined the cartography
</dd>
<dt>PostgreSQL with PostGIS</dt>
<dd>
Relational database (spatial and non-spatial data storage)
</dd>
<dt>R, Octave, Python, Jupyter, LibreOffice</dt>
<dd>
Statistics, non-spatial data analysis
</dd>
<dt>OpenLayers, Leaflet, GeoExt, Django, Flask</dt>
<dd>
Web interface
</dd>
<dt>PyWPS, ZOO-Project, Actinia</dt>
<dd>
Processing server
</dd>
<dt>MapServer, GeoServer, QGIS Server</dt>
<dd>
spatial data publishing server
</dd>
</dl>
<p>
<!--<small>(native connection between GRASS GIS and PostGIS)</small>-->
<!--<small>(OGC WPS, native support for GRASS GIS)</small>-->
<!--<small>(MapServer can read directly from GRASS GIS database)</small>-->
<!--
GDAL, libLAS, PDAL
<dt>Python, R, Bash, Perl, Ruby</dt>
<dd>
Scripting, extensions
</dd>
-->
</section>
<section>
<h2>Concepts</h2>
<ul>
<li>locations and mapsets
<li>data management
<li>projections
<li>computational region
</ul>
<br>
<img src="img/hexagons_3d_white_outlier.png" class="stretch">
</section>
<section>
<h2>Spatial Database</h2>
<img src="img/grass_data_tab.svg" class="stretch"
alt="Example of GRASS GIS database structure into locations (based on SRS) and further to mapsets (for organization)">
</section>
<section>
<h2>Selecting Mapset</h2>
<ul>
<li>Selecting database, location, and mapset
</ul>
<br>
<img src="img/grass_startup.png" class="stretch">
</section>
<section>
<h2>Import, export, linking</h2>
<ul>
<li>Data need to be imported or linked <small>(GDAL)</small>
<li>Vector and raster data can be linked
<ul>
<li>r.external, r.external.out
<li>v.external, v.external.out
</ul>
<li>Export to various formats (or linking)
<li>GRASS GIS native exchange format (v.pack, r.pack, v.unpack, …)
</ul>
<br>
<img src="img/piemonte_shaded_elevation.png" class="stretch">
</section>
<section>
<h2>Computational Region</h2>
<ul>
<li>extent and resolution for raster computations
</ul>
<br>
<img src="img/grass_computational_region.png" class="stretch">
</section>
<section>
<h2>Science & Research</h2>
<ul>
<li>Used in research platform and as scientific code repository
<li>Example: Solar radiation model (<em>r.sun</em>)
<ul>
<li>available since 1993
<li>major changes in 1996, 1999, 2002, 2003, 2006, 2008, 2017
<ul>
<li>parallelized version in 7.4
</ul>
<li>by Jaroslav Hofierka, Marcel Suri <small>et al. (2004, 2007, ...)</small>
</ul>
</ul>
<br>
<img src="img/summer_solstice_centennial.gif" class="stretch">
<p><small>
summer solstice dynamics on lidar DEM <small>(NCSU Centennial Campus)</small>
</small></p>
</section>
<section>
<h2>Peer-reviewed Implementation</h2>
<ul>
<li>GRASS GIS scientific community combined:
<ul>
<li>32503 citations
<li>h-index: 86
<li>i10-index: 411
</ul>
</ul>
<br>
<img src="img/grass_citations.png" class="stretch">
<p class="credit">
<a href="https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=gJ0ZB0cAAAAJ">Source: Google Scholar (2019)</a>
</p>
<!-- Feb 21, 2019 -->
</section>
<section>
<h2>Peer-reviewed Implementation</h2>
<ul>
<li>Example:
<ul>
<li>user tested the module
<li>discovered error in equation in code
</ul>
</ul>
<img src="img/grass_bug_in_equation.png" class="stretch">
</section>
<section>
<h2>Research Papers References</h2>
<img src="img/grass_module_references.png" class="stretch">
</section>
<section>
<h2>Addons Repository</h2>
<ul>
<li>user contributed modules, plugins, tools, functions
<li>distributed to users
<li>including compiled C and C++ for MS Windows
<li>automatically generated GUI
<small>for Python and C/C++</small>
</ul>
<img src="img/grass_addons.png" class="stretch">
</section>
<section>
<h2>Public Author & Accessible Code</h2>
<img src="img/grass_module_author_source.png" class="stretch">
</section>
<section>
<h2>Resources</h2>
<ul>
<li>
Documentation:
<ul>
<li>See <a href="https://grass.osgeo.org/grass76/manuals/graphical_index.html">full list of core modules</a>
<li>See <a href="https://grass.osgeo.org/grass74/manuals/addons">modules in Addons repository</a>
</ul>
<li>
Tutorials:
<ul>
<li>
<a href="https://grasswiki.osgeo.org/wiki/From_GRASS_GIS_novice_to_power_user_(workshop_at_FOSS4G_Boston_2017)">Introduction to GRASS GIS</a>
<li>
<a href="https://grasswiki.osgeo.org/wiki/Processing_lidar_and_UAV_point_clouds_in_GRASS_GIS_(workshop_at_FOSS4G_Boston_2017)">Processing lidar and UAV point clouds</a>
<li>
<a href="https://github.com/wenzeslaus/python-grass-addon">How to write a Python module</a>
<li>
<a href="http://ncsu-geoforall-lab.github.io/grass-temporal-workshop/">
Spatio-temporal data handling and visualization</a>
</ul>
<li>
Books:
<ul>
<li>Open Source GIS: A GRASS GIS Approach
<li>Tangible Modeling with Open Source GIS
<li>GIS-based Analysis of Coastal Lidar Time-Series
<li>Open Source Approaches to Spatial Data Handling
</ul>
</ul>
</section>
<section>
<h2>Support</h2>
<ul>
<li>Community support
<ul>
<li><a href="https://lists.osgeo.org/mailman/listinfo/grass-user">user mailing list</a> <small>(archived since 1991)</small>
<li><a href="https://gis.stackexchange.com/questions/tagged/grass">GIS StackExchange</a>
<li>…
</ul>
<li>Commercial support
<ul>
<li><a href="https://geospatial.ncsu.edu/engage/service-center/">Center for Geospatial Analytics, NC State University</a>
<li><a href="https://www.mundialis.de/open-source-gis/">mundialis</a>
<li><a href="http://opengeolabs.cz/en/home/">OpenGeoLabs</a>
<li><a href="https://www.northrivergeographic.com/">North River Geographic Systems, Inc.</a>
<li><a href="http://www.faunalia.it/">Faunalia</a>
<li>…
</ul>
</ul>
<p>
<small>
<a href="https://grass.osgeo.org/support/">grass.osgeo.org/support</a>
</small>
<!--
<br>
<img src="img/grass_user_mailing_list.png" class="stretch">
-->
</section>
<section>
<h2>Summary</h2>
<ul>
<li>Support: Community and commercial
<li>Licensing: No "purchasing of licenses" needed for users
<li>Several user interfaces
<ul>
<li>GUI and command line
<li>Python (+Jupyter)
<li>3rd party
</ul>
<li>Data organized into databases, locations and mapsets
<li>Raster operations follow a specified computational region
</ul>
<br>
<img src="img/grass_gis.svg" class="stretch">
</section>
<section>
<img src="img/grass_gis.svg" alt="GRASS GIS logo" class="stretch">
<p>
<a href="https://grass.osgeo.org/">grass.osgeo.org</a>
<p>
<a href="https://github.com/wenzeslaus/grass-gis-talks/">github.com/wenzeslaus/grass-gis-talks</a>
<p>
<a href="https://geospatial.ncsu.edu/engage/service-center/">geospatial.ncsu.edu/engage/service-center</a>
<p>
<a href="https://twitter.com/vaclavpetras/">Twitter: vaclavpetras</a>
<br>
<a href="https://github.com/wenzeslaus/">GitHub: wenzeslaus</a>
<br>
<a href="https://gitlab.com/vpetras/">GitLab: vpetras</a>
</p>
<p>Meet me here: NCSU booth, poster session, next talks</p>
</section>
</div>
</div>
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