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使用 eNSP 搭建中小型企业网.md

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使用 eNSP 搭建中小型企业网
2019-09-30 07:58
2019-09-30 07:58
//cdn.wallleap.cn/img/pic/cover/202302hAc9mG.jpg
技术杂谈
网络
HCNA
使用 eNSP 模拟搭建中小型企业网

局域网内的核心技术：

  • 利用 VLAN 进行业务隔离；
  • 通过 STP 技术来防止环路，保证冗余链路的正常通信；
  • 使用 VRRP 技术来实现负载分担以及防止单点故障；
  • 利用 OSPF 协议使得总部和分布的网络能够正常通信；
  • 运用 ACL 和 NAT 对数据流进行控制和去外网通信。

实验拓扑图

img

实验目的：

  1. 使用 VLAN 进行业务隔离，方便随时切断各部门连接
  2. 使用 VLAN 间路由让各 VLAN 之间能够通信
  3. PC 能够自动获取 IP
  4. 外网主机能够访问服务器
  5. 让任意两个 PC 能够访问外网，另外两个不能访问

实验配置

(1)vlan 间路由

  • 接入层交换机 LSW3

创建 VLAN

[LSW3]vlan 10
[LSW3-vlan10]vlan 20
[LSW3-vlan20]quit

配置与主机相连的接口为Access并绑定VLAN

[LSW3]interface e0/0/1
[LSW3-Ethernet0/0/1]undo shutdown
Info: Interface Ethernet0/0/1 is not shutdown.
[LSW3-Ethernet0/0/1]port link-type access
[LSW3-Ethernet0/0/1]port default vlan 10
[LSW3-Ethernet0/0/1]int e0/0/2
[LSW3-Ethernet0/0/2]port link-t a
[LSW3-Ethernet0/0/2]port de vlan 20

配置与交换机相连的接口为 Trunk 并允许所有 VLAN 通过

[LSW3-Ethernet0/0/2]int e0/0/3
[LSW3-Ethernet0/0/3]port link-t t
[LSW3-Ethernet0/0/3]port t allow vlan all
[LSW3-Ethernet0/0/3]int e0/0/4
[LSW3-Ethernet0/0/4]port link-t t
[LSW3-Ethernet0/0/4]port t allow vlan all
[LSW3-Ethernet0/0/4]quit
  • 接入层交换机 LSW4

与 LSW3 类似，创建 VLAN，设置接口即可

[LSW4]vlan 30
[LSW4-vlan30]vlan 40
[LSW4-vlan40]quit
[LSW4]int e0/0/1
[LSW4-Ethernet0/0/1]port link-t a
[LSW4-Ethernet0/0/1]port de vlan 30
[LSW4-Ethernet0/0/1]int e0/0/2
[LSW4-Ethernet0/0/2]port link-t a
[LSW4-Ethernet0/0/2]port de vlan 40
[LSW4-Ethernet0/0/2]int e0/0/3
[LSW4-Ethernet0/0/3]port link-t t
[LSW4-Ethernet0/0/3]port t allow vlan all
[LSW4-Ethernet0/0/3]int e0/0/4
[LSW4-Ethernet0/0/4]port link-t t
[LSW4-Ethernet0/0/4]port t allow vlan all
[LSW4-Ethernet0/0/4]quit
  • 核心层交换机 LSW1

创建 VLAN

[LSW1]vlan 10
[LSW1-vlan10]vlan 20
[LSW1-vlan20]vlan 30
[LSW1-vlan30]vlan 40
[LSW1-vlan40]vlan 50
[LSW1-vlan50]quit

与交换机相连接口设为 Trunk 并允许所有 VLAN 通过

[LSW1]int g0/0/1
[LSW1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]port link-t t
[LSW1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]port t allow vlan all
[LSW1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]int g0/0/3
[LSW1-GigabitEthernet0/0/3]port link-t t
[LSW1-GigabitEthernet0/0/3]port t allow vlan all
[LSW1-GigabitEthernet0/0/3]int g0/0/2
[LSW1-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]port link-t t
[LSW1-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]port t allow vlan all

服务器接入 VLAN50，将将与服务器相连的接口设为 Access 口并绑定 VLAN50

[LSW1-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]int g0/0/5
[LSW1-GigabitEthernet0/0/5]port link-t a
[LSW1-GigabitEthernet0/0/5]port de vlan 50
[LSW1-GigabitEthernet0/0/5]quit

给连接路由器的接口绑定 VLAN60，方便配置地址

[LSW1]vlan 60
[LSW1-vlan60]int g0/0/4
[LSW1-GigabitEthernet0/0/4]port link-t a
[LSW1-GigabitEthernet0/0/4]port de vlan 60
[LSW1-GigabitEthernet0/0/4]quit

给 VLAN 分配 IP 地址（配置真实网关）

[LSW1]int vlan 10
[LSW1-Vlanif10]ip add 192.168.10.1 24
[LSW1-Vlanif10]int vlan 20
[LSW1-Vlanif20]ip add 192.168.20.1 24
[LSW1-Vlanif20]int vlan 30
[LSW1-Vlanif30]ip add 192.168.30.1 24
[LSW1-Vlanif30]int vlan 40
[LSW1-Vlanif40]ip add 192.168.40.1 24
[LSW1-Vlanif40]int vlan 50
[LSW1-Vlanif50]ip add 192.168.50.1 24
[LSW1-Vlanif50]int vlan 60
[LSW1-Vlanif60]ip add 192.168.60.1 24
[LSW1-Vlanif60]quit
  • 核心层交换机 LSW２

与 LSW１ 类似，创建 VLAN、配置好接口、设置真实网关（与 S１ 地址不同）

[LSW2]vlan 10
[LSW2-vlan10]vlan 20
[LSW2-vlan20]vlan 30
[LSW2-vlan30]vlan 40
[LSW2-vlan40]quit
[LSW2]int g0/0/1
[LSW2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]port link-t t
[LSW2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]port t allow vlan all
[LSW2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]int g0/0/2
[LSW2-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]port link-t t
[LSW2-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]port t allow vlan all
[LSW2-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]int g0/0/3
[LSW2-GigabitEthernet0/0/3]port link-t t
[LSW2-GigabitEthernet0/0/3]port t allow vlan all
[LSW2-GigabitEthernet0/0/3]quit
[LSW2]vlan 70
[LSW2-vlan70]int g0/0/4
[LSW2-GigabitEthernet0/0/4]port link-t a
[LSW2-GigabitEthernet0/0/4]port de vlan 70
[LSW2-GigabitEthernet0/0/4]quit
[LSW2]int vlan 10
[LSW2-Vlanif10]ip add 192.168.10.2 24
[LSW2-Vlanif10]int vlan 20
[LSW2-Vlanif20]ip add 192.168.20.2 24
[LSW2-Vlanif20]int vlan 30
[LSW2-Vlanif30]ip add 192.168.30.2 24
[LSW2-Vlanif30]int vlan 40
[LSW2-Vlanif40]ip add 192.168.40.2 24
[LSW2-Vlanif40]int vlan 70
[LSW2-Vlanif70]ip add 192.168.70.2 24
[LSW2-Vlanif70]quit

(2)DHCP 的搭建

  • 客户端开启 DHCP

img

  • 核心交换机 LSW１ 和 LSW２ 上配置 DHCP 服务

开启 DHCP 服务

[SW1]dhcp enable
Info: The operation may take a few seconds. Please wait for a moment.done.

创建地址池 vlan10、vlan20、vlan30、vlan40，其中 ＄ 代表 １~４，网关使用之后配置的虚拟网关

[LSW1]ip pool vlan＄0
Info:It's successful to create an IP address pool.
[LSW1-ip-pool-vlan$0]gateway-list 192.168.10.254
[LSW1-ip-pool-vlan$0]network 192.168.＄0.0 mask 255.255.255.0
[LSW1-ip-pool-vlan$0]quit

VLAN 绑定地址池

[LSW1]int vlan ＄0
[LSW1-Vlanif$0]dhcp select global
[LSW1-Vlanif$0]quit

LSW１ 排除地址

[LSW1-ip-pool-vlan$0]excluded-ip-address 192.168.＄0.3 192.168.＄0.127

LSW２ 排除地址

[LSW2-ip-pool-vlan$0]ex 192.168.＄0.128 192.168.＄0.253

(3) STP+VRRP 的配置

  • 汇聚层交换机 LSW3、LSW4 只需要开启 STP 即可
[LSW3]stp mode stp
Info: This operation may take a few seconds. Please wait for a moment...done.
[LSW4]stp mode stp
Info: This operation may take a few seconds. Please wait for a moment...done.
  • 核心层 LSW１ 配置

开启 STP

[LSW1]stp mode stp
Info: This operation may take a few seconds. Please wait for a moment...done.

设置 LSW1 为根桥

[LSW1]stp priority 0

配置 VRRP，LSW1 是 VLAN10、VLAN20 的 Master，当上层接口错误时，自动降低优先级，让 LSW2 成为Master

[LSW1]int vlan 10
[LSW1-Vlanif10]vrrp vrid 10 vi 192.168.10.254
[LSW1-Vlanif10]vrrp vrid 10 prio 120
[LSW1-Vlanif10]vrrp vrid 10 track int g0/0/4 reduce 30
[LSW1-Vlanif10]int vlan 20
[LSW1-Vlanif20]vrrp vrid 20 vi 192.168.20.254
[LSW1-Vlanif20]vrrp vrid 20 prio 120
[LSW1-Vlanif20]vrrp vrid 20 track int g0/0/4 re 30
[LSW1-Vlanif20]int vlan 30
[LSW1-Vlanif30]vrrp vrid 30 vi 192.168.30.254
[LSW1-Vlanif30]int vlan 40
[LSW1-Vlanif40]vrrp vrid 40 vi 192.168.40.254
[LSW1-Vlanif40]quit
  • 核心层 LSW２ 配置

开启 STP，并将优先级设为 4096

[LSW2]stp mode stp
Info: This operation may take a few seconds. Please wait for a moment...done.
[LSW2]stp prio 4096

配置 VRRP，LSW2 是 VLAN30、VLAN40 的 Master，当上层接口错误时，自动降低优先级，让 LSW1 成为 Master

[LSW2]int vlan 10
[LSW2-Vlanif10]vrrp vrid 10 vi 192.168.10.254
[LSW2-Vlanif10]int vlan 20
[LSW2-Vlanif20]vrrp vrid 20 vi 192.168.20.254
[LSW2-Vlanif20]int vlan 30
[LSW2-Vlanif30]vrrp vrid 30 vi 192.168.30.254
[LSW2-Vlanif30]vrrp vrid 30 prio 120
[LSW2-Vlanif30]vrrp vrid 30 track int g0/0/4 re 30
[LSW2-Vlanif30]int vlan 40
[LSW2-Vlanif40]vrrp vrid 40 vi 192.168.40.254
[LSW2-Vlanif40]vrrp vrid 40 prio 120
[LSW2-Vlanif40]vrrp vrid 40 track int g0/0/4 re 30
[LSW2-Vlanif40]quit

(4)OSPF 的搭建

  • LSW１ OSPF 配置

查看接口 IP

[LSW1]dis ip int br

Interface                         IP Address/Mask      Physical   Protocol  
MEth0/0/1                         unassigned           down       down      
NULL0                             unassigned           up         up(s)     
Vlanif1                           unassigned           up         down      
Vlanif10                          192.168.10.1/24      up         up        
Vlanif20                          192.168.20.1/24      up         up        
Vlanif30                          192.168.30.1/24      up         up        
Vlanif40                          192.168.40.1/24      up         up        
Vlanif50                          192.168.50.1/24      up         up        
Vlanif60                          192.168.60.1/24      up         up

根据所有 IP 宣告相应网段

[LSW1]ospf 1
[LSW1-ospf-1]area 0.0.0.0
[LSW1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]net 192.168.10.0 0.0.0.255
[LSW1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]net 192.168.20.0 0.0.0.255
[LSW1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]net 192.168.30.0 0.0.0.255
[LSW1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]net 192.168.40.0 0.0.0.255
[LSW1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]net 192.168.50.0 0.0.0.255
[LSW1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]net 192.168.60.0 0.0.0.255
[LSW1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]quit
[LSW1-ospf-1]qu
  • LSW２ OSPF 配置

与 LSW1 类似

[LSW2]dis ip int br
Interface                         IP Address/Mask      Physical   Protocol  
MEth0/0/1                         unassigned           down       down     
NULL0                             unassigned           up         up(s)    
Vlanif1                           unassigned           up         down      
Vlanif10                          192.168.10.2/24      up         up        
Vlanif20                          192.168.20.2/24      up         up        
Vlanif30                          192.168.30.2/24      up         up        
Vlanif40                          192.168.40.2/24      up         up        
Vlanif70                          192.168.70.2/24      up         up      

[LSW2]ospf 1
[LSW2-ospf-1]area 0.0.0.0
[LSW2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]net 192.168.10.0 0.0.0.255
[LSW2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]net 192.168.20.0 0.0.0.255
[LSW2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]net 192.168.30.0 0.0.0.255
[LSW2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]net 192.168.40.0 0.0.0.255
[LSW2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]net 192.168.70.0 0.0.0.255
[LSW2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]quit
[LSW2-ospf-1]quit

(5)ACL+NAT

  • AR１ 上 ACL+NAT 配置

Easy IP：

配置基本 ACL 并添加规则，允许 VLAN10、VLAN30、VLAN50 访问外网，VLAN20、40 不能访问

[AR1]acl number 2000
[AR1-acl-basic-2000]rule 0 per source 192.168.10.0 0.0.0.255
[AR1-acl-basic-2000]rule 5 per source 192.168.30.0 0.0.0.255
[AR1-acl-basic-2000]rule 10 per source 192.168.50.0 0.0.0.255
[AR1-acl-basic-2000]quit

绑定规则到外网端口

[AR1]int g0/0/2
[AR1-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]nat outbound 2000

静态 NAT，将服务器内网地址转为一个专门的公有 IP

[AR1-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]nat static global 200.200.200.10 inside 192.168.50.253
[AR1-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]quit

(6)路由器 OSPF 协议的配置

  • AR１ OSPF 配置

配置接口 IP

[AR1]int g0/0/0
[AR1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 192.168.60.100 24
Sep 26 2019 09:54:53-08:00 AR1 %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[0]:The line protocol IP on the interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0 has entered the UP state. 
[AR1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int g0/0/1
[AR1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add 192.168.70.100 24
Sep 26 2019 09:55:16-08:00 AR1 %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[1]:The line protocol IP on the interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1 has entered the UP state.
[AR1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]int g0/0/2
[AR1-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]ip add 200.200.200.1 24
Sep 26 2019 09:56:09-08:00 AR1 %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[2]:The line protocol IP on the interface GigabitEthernet0/0/2 has entered the UP state.
[AR1-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]quit

查看接口地址

[AR1]dis ip int br
Interface                         IP Address/Mask      Physical   Protocol
GigabitEthernet0/0/0              192.168.60.100/24    up         up       
GigabitEthernet0/0/1              192.168.70.100/24    up         up       
GigabitEthernet0/0/2              200.200.200.1/24     up         up        
NULL0                             unassigned           up         up(s)

宣告地址段

[AR1]ospf 1
[AR1-ospf-1]area 0.0.0.0
[AR1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]net 192.168.60.0 0.0.0.255
[AR1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]net 192.168.70.0 0.0.0.255
[AR1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]net 200.200.200.0 0.0.0.255
[AR1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]quit
[AR1-ospf-1]quit

配置到外网的默认路由，并加入到 OSPF 中

[AR1]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 200.200.200.100
[AR1]ospf 1
[AR1-ospf-1]default-route-advertise
[AR1-ospf-1]quit

(7)路由器 AR2 的配置

[AR2]int g0/0/0
[AR2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 200.200.200.100 24
[AR2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int g0/0/1
[AR2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add 200.200.201.1 24
[AR2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]quit

结果测试

1、内网电脑之间进行通信

img

PC1 能够 ping 通其他四个 VLAN 内的主机

2、内网主机动态获取 IP 地址

img

img

PC 配置 DHCP 能够自动获取 IP

3、内网主机访问外网

img

img

img

PC１、PC３ 和 Server1 能够 ping 通外网的主机，PC2 和 PC4 ping 通