-
Notifications
You must be signed in to change notification settings - Fork 0
/
index.html
526 lines (469 loc) · 24.2 KB
/
index.html
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
202
203
204
205
206
207
208
209
210
211
212
213
214
215
216
217
218
219
220
221
222
223
224
225
226
227
228
229
230
231
232
233
234
235
236
237
238
239
240
241
242
243
244
245
246
247
248
249
250
251
252
253
254
255
256
257
258
259
260
261
262
263
264
265
266
267
268
269
270
271
272
273
274
275
276
277
278
279
280
281
282
283
284
285
286
287
288
289
290
291
292
293
294
295
296
297
298
299
300
301
302
303
304
305
306
307
308
309
310
311
312
313
314
315
316
317
318
319
320
321
322
323
324
325
326
327
328
329
330
331
332
333
334
335
336
337
338
339
340
341
342
343
344
345
346
347
348
349
350
351
352
353
354
355
356
357
358
359
360
361
362
363
364
365
366
367
368
369
370
371
372
373
374
375
376
377
378
379
380
381
382
383
384
385
386
387
388
389
390
391
392
393
394
395
396
397
398
399
400
401
402
403
404
405
406
407
408
409
410
411
412
413
414
415
416
417
418
419
420
421
422
423
424
425
426
427
428
429
430
431
432
433
434
435
436
437
438
439
440
441
442
443
444
445
446
447
448
449
450
451
452
453
454
455
456
457
458
459
460
461
462
463
464
465
466
467
468
469
470
471
472
473
474
475
476
477
478
479
480
481
482
483
484
485
486
487
488
489
490
491
492
493
494
495
496
497
498
499
500
501
502
503
504
505
506
507
508
509
510
511
512
513
514
515
516
517
518
519
520
521
522
523
524
525
526
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Spatial Signatures in Great Britain</title>
<meta charset="utf-8" />
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<!-- load leaflet -->
<link rel="stylesheet" href="https://unpkg.com/[email protected]/dist/leaflet.css"
integrity="sha512-xodZBNTC5n17Xt2atTPuE1HxjVMSvLVW9ocqUKLsCC5CXdbqCmblAshOMAS6/keqq/sMZMZ19scR4PsZChSR7A=="
crossorigin="" />
<script src="https://unpkg.com/[email protected]/dist/leaflet.js"
integrity="sha512-XQoYMqMTK8LvdxXYG3nZ448hOEQiglfqkJs1NOQV44cWnUrBc8PkAOcXy20w0vlaXaVUearIOBhiXZ5V3ynxwA=="
crossorigin=""></script>
<!-- load VectorGrid extension -->
<script src="https://unpkg.com/[email protected]/dist/Leaflet.VectorGrid.bundled.js"></script>
<!-- load locate plugin -->
<link rel="stylesheet"
href="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/[email protected]/dist/L.Control.Locate.min.css" />
<script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/[email protected]/dist/L.Control.Locate.min.js"
charset="utf-8"></script>
<!-- legend styles -->
<style type='text/css'>
/* Import ET Book styles
adapted from https://github.com/edwardtufte/et-book/blob/gh-pages/et-book.css */
@font-face {
font-family: "et-book";
src: url("et-book/et-book-roman-line-figures/et-book-roman-line-figures.eot");
src: url("et-book/et-book-roman-line-figures/et-book-roman-line-figures.eot?#iefix") format("embedded-opentype"), url("et-book/et-book-roman-line-figures/et-book-roman-line-figures.woff") format("woff"), url("et-book/et-book-roman-line-figures/et-book-roman-line-figures.ttf") format("truetype"), url("et-book/et-book-roman-line-figures/et-book-roman-line-figures.svg#etbookromanosf") format("svg");
font-weight: normal;
font-style: normal;
font-display: swap;
}
@font-face {
font-family: "et-book";
src: url("et-book/et-book-display-italic-old-style-figures/et-book-display-italic-old-style-figures.eot");
src: url("et-book/et-book-display-italic-old-style-figures/et-book-display-italic-old-style-figures.eot?#iefix") format("embedded-opentype"), url("et-book/et-book-display-italic-old-style-figures/et-book-display-italic-old-style-figures.woff") format("woff"), url("et-book/et-book-display-italic-old-style-figures/et-book-display-italic-old-style-figures.ttf") format("truetype"), url("et-book/et-book-display-italic-old-style-figures/et-book-display-italic-old-style-figures.svg#etbookromanosf") format("svg");
font-weight: normal;
font-style: italic;
font-display: swap;
}
@font-face {
font-family: "et-book";
src: url("et-book/et-book-bold-line-figures/et-book-bold-line-figures.eot");
src: url("et-book/et-book-bold-line-figures/et-book-bold-line-figures.eot?#iefix") format("embedded-opentype"), url("et-book/et-book-bold-line-figures/et-book-bold-line-figures.woff") format("woff"), url("et-book/et-book-bold-line-figures/et-book-bold-line-figures.ttf") format("truetype"), url("et-book/et-book-bold-line-figures/et-book-bold-line-figures.svg#etbookromanosf") format("svg");
font-weight: bold;
font-style: normal;
font-display: swap;
}
body {
font-family: sans-serif;
}
.maplegend {
position: absolute;
z-index: 9999;
background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, .8);
border-radius: 5px;
box-shadow: 0 0 15px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);
padding: 10px;
font-size: 12px/14px;
right: 10px;
bottom: 20px;
display: none;
font-family: 'et-book', serif;
}
.maplegend .legend-title {
text-align: left;
margin-bottom: 10px;
font-weight: 600;
color: #3B6E8D;
font-size: larger;
}
.maplegend .legend-scale ul {
margin: 0;
margin-bottom: 0px;
padding: 0;
float: left;
list-style: none;
}
.maplegend .legend-scale ul li {
list-style: none;
margin-left: 0;
line-height: 16px;
margin-bottom: 6px;
}
.maplegend ul.legend-labels li span {
display: block;
float: left;
height: 14px;
width: 14px;
margin-right: 5px;
margin-left: 0;
border: 0px solid #ccc;
}
.maplegend .legend-source {
color: #777;
clear: both;
}
.maplegend a {
color: #777;
}
#maptitle {
position: absolute;
z-index: 9999;
background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, .8);
border-radius: 5px;
box-shadow: 0 0 15px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);
padding: 20px;
margin-left: 20px;
font-size: 12px;
right: 10px;
top: 20px;
max-width: 480px;
height: 50%;
display: none;
}
div.overflow {
overflow-y: auto;
height: 100%;
}
h1 {
font-size: 30px;
font-family: 'et-book', serif;
color: #3B6E8D;
}
h2 {
font-size: 25px;
font-family: 'et-book', serif;
color: #3B6E8D;
}
h3 {
font-size: 20px;
font-family: 'et-book', serif;
color: #BD5B4F;
}
div.logos {
height: 100px;
margin-top: 30px;
padding: 0 30px 0 30px;
}
div.logos img {
vertical-align: middle;
}
div.logos a {
height: 100%;
}
button.toggle-title {
position: absolute;
z-index: 99999;
background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, .8);
box-shadow: 0 0 15px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);
border-radius: 5px;
border: 0;
padding: 5px;
font-size: 12px;
right: 10px;
top: 20px;
}
button.toggle-legend {
position: absolute;
z-index: 99999;
background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, .8);
box-shadow: 0 0 15px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);
border-radius: 5px;
border: 0;
padding: 5px;
font-size: 12px;
right: 10px;
bottom: 20px;
}
@media only screen and (min-width: 1920px) {
button.toggle-title,
button.toggle-legend {
padding: 10px;
font-size: 18px;
}
}
</style>
<script>
function toggleTitle() {
var x = document.getElementById("maptitle");
if (x.style.display === "block") {
x.style.display = "none";
} else {
x.style.display = "block";
}
};
function toggleLegend() {
var x = document.getElementById("maplegend signaturetype");
if (x.style.display === "block") {
x.style.display = "none";
} else {
x.style.display = "block";
}
}
</script>
</head>
<body style='margin:0'>
<button onclick="toggleTitle()" class="toggle-title">Details</button>
<div id="maptitle">
<div class="overflow">
<h1>Spatial Signatures in Great Britain
</h1>
Spatial signatures characterise space based on form and function in a way designed to understand urban
environments. This map, part of the <a href="https://urbangrammarai.xyz">Urban Grammar project</a>,
shows a typology of spatial signatures in
Great Britain. Each type has a distinct character capturing what the place looks like (form) and how it
is used (function). Below you can find the "pen portraits” for the typology, shorthand descriptions of
the characteristics of each signature type.
<div class="logos">
<a href="https://www.liverpool.ac.uk/geographic-data-science/"><img
src="https://urbangrammarai.xyz/_static/gdsl.png" alt="GDSL" width="28%"
style="margin-right: 4%"></a>
<a href="https://www.liverpool.ac.uk"><img src="https://urbangrammarai.xyz/_static/liv_logo.png"
alt="University of Liverpool" width="28%" style="margin-right: 4%"></a>
<a href="https://www.turing.ac.uk/"><img src="https://urbangrammarai.xyz/_static/ati_logo.png" alt="ATI"
width="30%"></a>
</div>
The classification is released as an open data product available from the <a
href="https://data.cdrc.ac.uk/dataset/spatial-signatures-great-britain">Consumer Data Research
Centre</a>. <a href="https://data.cdrc.ac.uk/dataset/spatial-signatures-great-britain">Access the data
download</a> (you will need to provide a free login).
The data product is reported in the Data Descriptor published in Nature Scientific Data journal
available from <a
href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-022-01640-8">https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-022-01640-8</a>.
For more background on the spatial signatures, you can check the <a
href="https://urbangrammarai.xyz">project website</a>.
<!-- or read the related academic papers: -->
<h2>Pen portraits</h2>
Pen portraits are short descriptions of each signature type.
<h3>Wild countryside</h3>
In “Wild countryside”, human influence is the least intensive. This signature covers large open spaces in
the countryside where no urbanisation happens apart from occasional roads, cottages, and pastures. You can
find it across the Scottish Highlands, numerous national parks such as Lake District, or in the majority of
Wales.
<h3>Countryside agriculture </h3>
“Countryside agriculture” features much of the English countryside and displays a high degree of agriculture
including both fields and pastures. There are a few buildings scattered across the area but, for the most
part, it is green space.
<h3>Urban buffer </h3>
“Urban buffer” can be characterised as a green belt around cities. This signature includes mostly
agricultural land in the immediate adjacency of towns and cities, often including edge development. It still
feels more like countryside than urban, but these signatures are much smaller compared to other countryside
types.
<h3>Open sprawl </h3>
“Open sprawl” represents the transition between countryside and urbanised land. It is located in the
outskirts of cities or around smaller towns and is typically made up of large open space areas intertwined
with different kinds of
human development, from highways to smaller neighbourhoods.
<h3>Disconnected suburbia </h3>
“Disconnected suburbia” includes residential developments in the outskirts of cities or even towns and
villages with convoluted, disconnected street networks, low built-up and population densities, and lack of
jobs and services. This signature type is entirely car-dependent.
<h3>Accessible suburbia </h3>
“Accessible suburbia” covers residential development on the urban periphery with a relatively legible and
connected street network, albeit less so than other more urban signature types. Areas in this signature
feature low density, both in terms of population and built-up area, lack of jobs and services. For these
reasons, “accessible suburbia” largely acts as dormitories.
<h3>Warehouse/Park land</h3>
“Warehouse/Park land” covers predominantly industrial areas and other work-related developments made of
box-like
buildings with large footprints. It contains many jobs of manual nature such as manufacturing or
construction, and very little population live here compared to the rest of urban areas.
Occasionally this type also covers areas of parks with large scale green open areas.
<h3>Gridded residential quarters </h3>
“Gridded residential quarters” are areas with street networks forming a well-connected grid-like (high
density of 4-way intersections) pattern, resulting in places with smaller blocks and higher granularity.
This signature is mostly residential but includes some services and jobs, and it tends to be located away
from city centres.
<h3>Connected residential neighbourhoods </h3>
“Connected residential neighbourhoods” are relatively dense urban areas, both in terms of population and
built-up area, that tend to be formed around well-connected street networks. They have access to services
and some jobs but may be further away from city centres leading to higher dependency on cars and public
transport for their residents.
<h3>Dense residential neighbourhoods </h3>
A “dense residential neighbourhood” is an abundant signature often covering large parts of cities outside of
their centres. It has primarily residential purpose and high population density, varied street network
patterns, and some services and jobs but not in high intensity.
<h3>Dense urban neighbourhoods </h3>
“Dense urban neighbourhoods” are areas of inner-city with high population and built-up density of a
predominantly residential nature but with direct access to jobs and services. This signature type tends to
be relatively walkable and, in the case of some towns, may even form their centres.
<h3>Local urbanity </h3>
“Local urbanity” reflects town centres, outer parts of city centres or even district centres. In all cases,
this signature is very much urban in essence, combining high population and built-up density, access to
amenities and jobs. Yet, it is on the lower end of the hierarchy of signature types denoting urban centres
with only a local significance.
<h3>Regional urbanity </h3>
“Regional urbanity” captures centres of mid-size cities with regional importance such as Liverpool, Plymouth
or Newcastle upon Tyne. It is often encircled by “Local urbanity” signatures and can form outer rings of
city centres in large cities. It features high population density, as well as a high number of jobs and
amenities within walkable distance.
<h3>Metropolitan urbanity </h3>
Signature type “Metropolitan urbanity” captures the centre of the largest cities in Great Britain such as
Glasgow, Birmingham or Manchester. It is characterised by a very high number of jobs in the area, high
built-up density and often high population density. This type serves as the core centre of the entire
metropolitan areas.
<h3>Concentrated urbanity </h3>
Concentrated urbanity” is a signature type found in the city centre of London and nowhere else in Great
Britain. It reflects the uniqueness of London in the British context with an extremely high number of jobs
and amenities located nearby, as well as high built-up and population densities. Buildings in this signature
are large and tightly packed, forming complex shapes with courtyards and little green space.
<h3>Hyper concentrated urbanity </h3>
The epitome of urbanity in the British context. “Hyper concentrated urbanity" is a signature type present
only
in the centre of London, around the Soho district, and covering Oxford and Regent streets. This signature is
the result of centuries of urban primacy, with a multitude of historical layers interwoven, very high
built-up and population density, and extreme abundance of amenities, services and jobs.
<br />
<br />
Have you found an issue with the map? Please report it to our <a
href="https://github.com/urbangrammarai/great-britain/issues">GitHub tracker</a>.
<br />
<br />
This site does not collect any location data. The geolocation processing is done stricly on a user side.
</div>
</div>
<!-- div containing map -->
<div id="map" style="width: 100vw; height: 100vh; background: #fdfdfd"></div>
<!-- specification of leaflet map -->
<script>
// defaults
const minZoom = 6;
const maxZoom = 15;
// get parameters from URL to allow custom location and zoom start
var params = {};
window.location.href.replace(/[?&]+([^=&]+)=([^&]*)/gi, function (m, key, value) {
params[key] = value;
});
// create map
var map = L.map('map', {
center: [params.lat || 53.4107, params.lng || -2.9704],
minZoom: minZoom,
maxZoom: maxZoom,
zoomControl: true,
zoom: params.zoom || 12,
tap: false,
});
// add background basemap
var mapBaseLayer = L.tileLayer(
'https://api.mapbox.com/styles/v1/martinfleis/ckl6okytj5fg317mvpgc9tc6k/tiles/256/{z}/{x}/{y}@2x?access_token=pk.eyJ1IjoibWFydGluZmxlaXMiLCJhIjoiY2tydnN4ems4MDl3cDJvcnhjZmZyMng1OSJ9.keLNOQHto3pzzJB1py9BVg', {
attribution: '© <a href="https://mapbox.com">Mapbox</a> © <a href="https://www.openstreetmap.org/copyright">OpenStreetMap</a> contributors'
}
).addTo(map);
// get vector tiles URL
var mapUrl = "tiles/{z}/{x}/{y}.pbf";
// mapping fof colors to signature types
const cmap = {
"0_0": "#f2e6c7",
"1_0": "#8fa37e",
"3_0": "#d7a59f",
"4_0": "#d7ded1",
"5_0": "#c3abaf",
"6_0": "#e4cbc8",
"7_0": "#c2d0d9",
"8_0": "#f0d17d",
"2_0": "#678ea6",
"2_1": "#94666e",
"2_2": "#efc758",
"9_0": "#3b6e8c",
"9_1": "#333432",
"9_2": "#ab888e",
"9_3": "#c1c1c0",
"9_4": "#bc5b4f",
"9_5": "#a7b799",
"9_6": "#c1c1c0",
"9_7": "#c1c1c0",
"9_8": "#c1c1c0"
};
// mapping of names to signature types to be shown in popup on click
const popup_info = {
"0_0": "<strong>Signature type</strong><br>Countryside agriculture",
"1_0": "<strong>Signature type</strong><br>Accessible suburbia",
"3_0": "<strong>Signature type</strong><br>Open sprawl",
"4_0": "<strong>Signature type</strong><br>Wild countryside",
"5_0": "<strong>Signature type</strong><br>Warehouse/Park land",
"6_0": "<strong>Signature type</strong><br>Gridded residential quarters",
"7_0": "<strong>Signature type</strong><br>Urban buffer",
"8_0": "<strong>Signature type</strong><br>Disconnected suburbia",
"2_0": "<strong>Signature type</strong><br>Dense residential neighbourhoods",
"2_1": "<strong>Signature type</strong><br>Connected residential neighbourhoods",
"2_2": "<strong>Signature type</strong><br>Dense urban neighbourhoods",
"9_0": "<strong>Signature type</strong><br>Local urbanity",
"9_1": "<strong>Signature type</strong><br>Concentrated urbanity",
"9_2": "<strong>Signature type</strong><br>Regional urbanity",
"9_4": "<strong>Signature type</strong><br>Metropolitan urbanity",
"9_5": "<strong>Signature type</strong><br>Hyper concentrated urbanity",
};
// define styling of vector tiles
var vectorTileStyling = {
signatures_combined_levels_clipped_4326: function (properties, zoom) {
var weight = 0;
if (zoom > 12) {
weight = 1.0;
}
return ({
fill: true,
weight: weight,
color: "#ffffff",
fillColor: cmap[properties.signature_type],
fillOpacity: 0.9,
opacity: 1.0,
});
}
}
// define options of vector tiles
var mapVectorTileOptions = {
rendererFactory: L.canvas.tile,
interactive: true,
attribution: '© <a href="https://martinfleischmann.net">Martin Fleischmann</a>, <a href="https://darribas.org">Dani Arribas-Bel</a>, <a href="https://urbangrammarai.xyz">Urban Grammar AI research project</a>',
maxNativeZoom: maxZoom,
minZoom: minZoom,
vectorTileLayerStyles: vectorTileStyling,
};
// create VectorGrid layer and add popup to it
var mapPbfLayer = new L.VectorGrid.Protobuf(
mapUrl, mapVectorTileOptions
).on('click', function (e) {
L.popup()
.setContent(popup_info[e.layer.properties.signature_type])
.setLatLng(e.latlng)
.openOn(map);
});
// add VectorGrid layer to map
mapPbfLayer.addTo(map);
// add transparent road basemap on top
var roads = L.tileLayer(
'https://api.mapbox.com/styles/v1/martinfleis/ckl6jkuwe3uxa17mrhnp78e62/tiles/256/{z}/{x}/{y}{r}?access_token=pk.eyJ1IjoibWFydGluZmxlaXMiLCJhIjoiY2tydnN4ems4MDl3cDJvcnhjZmZyMng1OSJ9.keLNOQHto3pzzJB1py9BVg', {
attribution: '',
opacity: 0.3
}
).addTo(map);
// add label basemap layer on top
var labels = L.tileLayer(
'https://api.mapbox.com/styles/v1/martinfleis/ckl6n87ha0tol17o61wxhfnbo/tiles/256/{z}/{x}/{y}{r}?access_token=pk.eyJ1IjoibWFydGluZmxlaXMiLCJhIjoiY2tydnN4ems4MDl3cDJvcnhjZmZyMng1OSJ9.keLNOQHto3pzzJB1py9BVg', {
attribution: '',
}
).addTo(map);
// add scalebar
L.control.scale().addTo(map);
// add locate
L.control.locate().addTo(map);
</script>
<!-- legend -->
<button onclick="toggleLegend()" class="toggle-legend">Legend</button>
<div id='maplegend signaturetype' class='maplegend'>
<div class='legend-title'>Spatial signature type</div>
<div class='legend-scale'>
<ul class='legend-labels'>
<li><span style='background:#d7ded1'></span>Wild countryside</li>
<li><span style='background:#f2e6c7'></span>Countryside agriculture</li>
<li><span style='background:#c2d0d9'></span>Urban buffer</li>
<li><span style='background:#d7a59f'></span>Open sprawl</li>
<li><span style='background:#f0d17d'></span>Disconnected suburbia</li>
<li><span style='background:#8fa37e'></span>Accessible suburbia</li>
<li><span style='background:#c3abaf'></span>Warehouse/Park land</li>
<li><span style='background:#e4cbc8'></span>Gridded residential quarters</li>
<li><span style='background:#94666e'></span>Connected residential neighbourhoods</li>
<li><span style='background:#678ea6'></span>Dense residential neighbourhoods</li>
<li><span style='background:#efc758'></span>Dense urban neighbourhoods</li>
<li><span style='background:#3b6e8c'></span>Local urbanity</li>
<li><span style='background:#ab888e'></span>Regional urbanity</li>
<li><span style='background:#bc5b4f'></span>Metropolitan urbanity</li>
<li><span style='background:#333432'></span>Concentrated urbanity</li>
<li><span style='background:#a7b799'></span>Hyper concentrated urbanity</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
</body>
</html>