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Contributing to doctl

Table of Contents

First: if you're unsure or afraid of anything, just ask or submit the issue or pull request anyways. You won't be yelled at for giving your best effort. The worst that can happen is that you'll be politely asked to change something. We appreciate all contributions!

For those folks who want a bit more guidance on the best way to contribute to the project, read on. Addressing the points below lets us merge or address your contributions quickly.

Issues

Reporting an Issue

  • Make sure you test against the latest released version. It is possible we already fixed the bug you're experiencing.

  • If you experienced a panic, please create a gist of the entire generated crash log for us to look at. Double check no sensitive items were in the log.

  • Respond as promptly as possible to any questions made by the doctl team to your issue. Stale issues will be closed.

Issue Lifecycle

  1. The issue is reported.

  2. The issue is verified and categorized by a doctl collaborator. Categorization is done via labels. For example, bugs are marked as "bugs".

  3. Unless it is critical, the issue is left for a period of time (sometimes many weeks), giving outside contributors a chance to address the issue.

  4. The issue is addressed in a pull request. The issue will be referenced in commit message(s) so that the code that fixes it is clearly linked.

  5. The issue is closed. Sometimes, valid issues will be closed to keep the issue tracker clean. The issue is still indexed and available for future viewers, or can be re-opened if necessary.

Pull Requests

Pull requests must always be opened from a fork of doctl, even if you have commit rights to the repository so that all contributors follow the same process.

Developing

doctl has make commands for most tooling in the Makefile. Run make or make help for a list of available commands with descriptions.

Documenting

doctl commands have two kinds of documentation: the short synopsis, that shows in the command lists, and the long description, that shows in the --help message for a specific command. In commands/*.go you'll see these two things being defined frequently, often as different arguments in CmdBuilderWithDocs. Here are some guidelines to keep in mind when writing these helpful texts:

  • Go uses "quotes" for single-line strings and `backticks` for multi-line strings.

  • Programmatic elements, such as command and flag names, should be surrounded by backticks.

  • To feature a backtick inside a multiline string, use this sequence of characters for each backtick:

    ` + "`" + `

  • It's good practice to create string variables to store text that gets repeated.

  • Flags and short command synopses do not need complete sentences in their descriptions and should not end in punctuation

  • Command abstracts, on the other hand, are considered full-text documentation and should use proper English

  • Write short command descriptions from the perspective of the user trying to do something (e.g. "List all database clusters") vs. what the command does (e.g. "This command retrieves a list of all database clusters").

  • Avoid the passive voice ("When a tag is provided, access is granted") and use the active voice ("Entering a tag provides access")

  • Be helpful when users have to enter a input that is from a list of possible values. Give examples, list the possible values inline (if the list is relatively short), or point them to a command that can list the possible values for them.

Go environment

The minimal version of Golang for doctl is 1.14. doctl uses Go modules for dependency management with vendoring. Please run make vendor after any dependency modifications.

Be sure to run go fmt on your code before submitting a pull request.

Docker

You can build doctl in a local Docker container via make docker_build.

Testing

Run the tests locally via make test, or on Travis CI by pushing a branch to your fork on github.

Writing Tests

In doctl, we have two kinds of tests: unit tests and integration tests. Both are run with Go's built-in go test tool.

Unit tests

Unit tests live in the _test.go files. The bulk of these tests live in the commands package, and exist to ensure that a CLI command produces an expected output. For each unit test, we typically rely on an accompanying mocked API call. These mocks are generated via gomock, and can be set to return different values from the API calls to test how our commands behave when given different inputs.

Writing a unit test for a new command typically looks like this,

  1. Write your new command.
  2. If your new command depends on a mocked godo call, generate a mock for it. See the section below about regenerating mocks to learn how to do this.
  3. Use your new mocks to stub out the API call, and write a test case. We use github.com/stretchr/testify/assert for our assertions. Test cases typically look like the following: 
    func TestMyNewCommand(t *testing.T) {
    // Use the `withTestClient` helper to access our tets config, as well as the godo API
    // mocks.
    withTestClient(t, func(config *CmdConfig, tm *tcMocks) {
        // Mock the godo API call.
        tm.myNewCommandMock.EXPECT().Get("some-value").Return("some-other-value")

        // Optionally add a CLI argument.
        config.Args = append(config.Args, "some-value")

        // Optionally add a CLI flag.
        config.Doit.Set(config.NS, "--my-flag", "some-value")

        // Execute your command.
        err := RunMyNewCommand(config)

        // Add assertions to check if your test passes.
        assert.NoError(t, err)
    })
}
Integration tests

Integration tests live under the top-level integration directory. These tests exist to ensure that an invocation of a command though this CLI produces the expected output. These tests use a mocked HTTP client, but run the actual compiled doctl binary.

Writing an integration test typically looks like this,

  1. Write your new command.
  2. Mock the API's JSON response that your command depends on.
  3. Execute your command using exec.Command on the test CLI binary.
  4. Add assertions to check the output from the CLI command.

Rather than providing an example here, please have a look at the integration/account_test.go file to see what an integration test typically looks like.

godo mocks

To upgrade godo, run make upgrade_godo. This will:

  • Get the latest release of godo, and update the go.mod and go.sum files accordingly.
  • Tidy and vendor the modules that doctl depends on.
  • Run mockgen to regenerate the mocks we use in the unit test suite.

Build Scripts

If you modify the build scripts, you can use make shellcheck to check your changes. You'll need to install shellcheck to do so. Travis also runs shellcheck.

Releasing

To cut a release, push a new tag (versioning discussed below).

Tagging a release

Prerequisites

  1. Run make changes to review the changes since the last release. Based on the changes, decide what kind of release you are doing (bugfix, feature or breaking). doctl follows semantic versioning, ask if you aren't sure.

  2. Tag the release using BUMP=(bugfix|feature|breaking) make tag. (Bugfix, feature and breaking are aliases for semver's patch, minor and major. BUMP will also accept patch, minor and major, if you prefer). The command assumes you have a remote repository named origin pointing to this repository. If you'd prefer to specify a different remote repository, you can do so by setting ORIGIN=(preferred remote name).

The new tag triggers the release.

Building a new snap base image

Occasionally, the snap build will break. When it does, it usually means that you need to update the custom base image we use to build the snap. The Dockerfile for that image lives in dockerfiles/Dockerfile.snap. The header of the Dockerfile has hints for updating the image, as well as instructions for building the image using make snap_image. Once you've built the image, the snap_image target will provide instructions for next steps.

Updating Homebrew

Using the url and sha from the github release, update the homebrew formula. You can use brew bump-formula-pr doctl, or

  1. fork homebrew-core
  2. create a branch named doctl-<version>
  3. update the url and the sha256 using the values for the archive in the github release
  4. commit your changes
  5. submit a PR to homebrew