diff --git a/.github/workflows/main.yml b/.github/workflows/main.yml
index 561f11bf0e..4085491848 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/main.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/main.yml
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ jobs:
       - uses: actions/checkout@v4
 
       - name: Set up Go
-        uses: actions/setup-go@v4
+        uses: actions/setup-go@v5
         with:
           go-version: "1.22.2"
 
@@ -33,8 +33,11 @@ jobs:
     runs-on: ${{ matrix.os }}
 
     steps:
+      - name: Checkout code
+        uses: actions/checkout@v4
+
       - name: Install Go
-        uses: actions/setup-go@v4
+        uses: actions/setup-go@v5
         with:
           go-version: "1.22.2"
 
@@ -55,9 +58,6 @@ jobs:
             mingw-w64-x86_64-go
             mingw-w64-x86_64-toolchain
 
-      - name: Checkout code
-        uses: actions/checkout@v4
-
       - name: Install Linux dependencies
         if: matrix.os == 'ubuntu-22.04'
         run: sudo ./scripts/setup-linux.sh
@@ -80,9 +80,16 @@ jobs:
       - name: Build frontend
         run: npm run build
 
-      - name: Build
+      - name: Build Linux
         run: make build
-        if: matrix.os == 'ubuntu-22.04' || matrix.os == 'macos-latest'
+        if: matrix.os == 'ubuntu-22.04'
+
+      - name: Build macOS
+        run: make build
+        if: matrix.os == 'macos-latest'
+        env:
+          LIBRARY_PATH: "/opt/homebrew/lib"
+          CGO_CPPFLAGS: "-I/opt/homebrew/include"
 
       - name: Build Windows
         shell: msys2 {0}
@@ -91,9 +98,16 @@ jobs:
           make build
         if: matrix.os == 'windows-latest'
 
-      - name: Test
+      - name: Test Linux
         run: make test
-        if: matrix.os == 'ubuntu-22.04' || matrix.os == 'macos-latest'
+        if: matrix.os == 'ubuntu-22.04'
+
+      - name: Test macOS
+        run: make test
+        if: matrix.os == 'macos-latest'
+        env:
+          LIBRARY_PATH: "/opt/homebrew/lib"
+          CGO_CPPFLAGS: "-I/opt/homebrew/include"
 
       - name: Test Windows
         shell: msys2 {0}
@@ -126,6 +140,8 @@ jobs:
         run: make release-macos
         env:
           PIXLET_VERSION: ${{ steps.vars.outputs.tag }}
+          LIBRARY_PATH: "/opt/homebrew/lib"
+          CGO_CPPFLAGS: "-I/opt/homebrew/include"
 
       - name: Build Release Windows
         if: matrix.os == 'windows-latest'
@@ -156,7 +172,7 @@ jobs:
           fetch-depth: "0"
 
       - name: Install Go
-        uses: actions/setup-go@v4
+        uses: actions/setup-go@v5
         with:
           go-version: "1.22.2"
 
diff --git a/.github/workflows/pull-request.yml b/.github/workflows/pull-request.yml
index 26374ffd50..d5014c8811 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/pull-request.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/pull-request.yml
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ jobs:
       - uses: actions/checkout@v4
 
       - name: Set up Go
-        uses: actions/setup-go@v4
+        uses: actions/setup-go@v5
         with:
           go-version: "1.22.2"
 
@@ -31,8 +31,11 @@ jobs:
     runs-on: ${{ matrix.os }}
 
     steps:
+      - name: Checkout code
+        uses: actions/checkout@v4
+
       - name: Install Go
-        uses: actions/setup-go@v4
+        uses: actions/setup-go@v5
         with:
           go-version: "1.22.2"
 
@@ -53,9 +56,6 @@ jobs:
             mingw-w64-x86_64-go
             mingw-w64-x86_64-toolchain
 
-      - name: Checkout code
-        uses: actions/checkout@v4
-
       - name: Install Linux dependencies
         if: matrix.os == 'ubuntu-22.04'
         run: sudo apt-get install -y libwebp-dev
@@ -78,9 +78,16 @@ jobs:
       - name: Build frontend
         run: npm run build
 
-      - name: Build
+      - name: Build Linux
         run: make build
-        if: matrix.os == 'ubuntu-22.04' || matrix.os == 'macos-latest'
+        if: matrix.os == 'ubuntu-22.04'
+
+      - name: Build macOS
+        run: make build
+        if: matrix.os == 'macos-latest'
+        env:
+          LIBRARY_PATH: "/opt/homebrew/lib"
+          CGO_CPPFLAGS: "-I/opt/homebrew/include"
 
       - name: Build Windows
         shell: msys2 {0}
@@ -89,9 +96,16 @@ jobs:
           make build
         if: matrix.os == 'windows-latest'
 
-      - name: Test
+      - name: Test Linux
+        run: make test
+        if: matrix.os == 'ubuntu-22.04'
+
+      - name: Test macOS
         run: make test
-        if: matrix.os == 'ubuntu-22.04' || matrix.os == 'macos-latest'
+        if:  matrix.os == 'macos-latest'
+        env:
+          LIBRARY_PATH: "/opt/homebrew/lib"
+          CGO_CPPFLAGS: "-I/opt/homebrew/include"
 
       - name: Test Windows
         shell: msys2 {0}
diff --git a/cmd/check.go b/cmd/check.go
index 2706850098..25d1c11bd0 100644
--- a/cmd/check.go
+++ b/cmd/check.go
@@ -2,16 +2,17 @@ package cmd
 
 import (
 	"fmt"
+	"io/fs"
 	"os"
 	"path/filepath"
 	"strings"
 	"time"
 
-	"github.com/bazelbuild/buildtools/buildifier/utils"
 	"github.com/fatih/color"
 	"github.com/spf13/cobra"
 	"tidbyt.dev/pixlet/cmd/community"
 	"tidbyt.dev/pixlet/manifest"
+	"tidbyt.dev/pixlet/tools"
 )
 
 var maxRenderTime = time.Duration(1 * time.Second)
@@ -22,10 +23,16 @@ func init() {
 }
 
 var CheckCmd = &cobra.Command{
-	Use:     "check <pathspec>...",
-	Example: `  pixlet check app.star`,
-	Short:   "Checks if an app is ready to publish",
-	Long: `The check command runs a series of checks to ensure your app is ready
+	Use:     "check <path>...",
+	Example: `pixlet check examples/clock`,
+	Short:   "Check if an app is ready to publish",
+	Long: `Check if an app is ready to publish.
+
+The path argument should be the path to the Pixlet app to check. The
+app can be a single file with the .star extension, or a directory
+containing multiple Starlark files and resources.
+
+The check command runs a series of checks to ensure your app is ready
 to publish in the community repo. Every failed check will have a solution
 provided. If your app fails a check, try the provided solution and reach out on
 Discord if you get stuck.`,
@@ -34,85 +41,59 @@ Discord if you get stuck.`,
 }
 
 func checkCmd(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
-	// Use the same logic as buildifier to find relevant Tidbyt apps.
-	apps := args
-	if rflag {
-		discovered, err := utils.ExpandDirectories(&args)
+	// check every path.
+	foundIssue := false
+	for _, path := range args {
+		// check if path exists, and whether it is a directory or a file
+		info, err := os.Stat(path)
 		if err != nil {
-			return fmt.Errorf("could not discover apps using recursive flag: %w", err)
-		}
-		apps = discovered
-	} else {
-		for _, app := range apps {
-			if filepath.Ext(app) != ".star" {
-				return fmt.Errorf("only starlark source files or directories with the recursive flag are supported")
-			}
+			return fmt.Errorf("failed to stat %s: %w", path, err)
 		}
-	}
 
-	// TODO: this needs to be parallelized.
+		var fsys fs.FS
+		var baseDir string
+		if info.IsDir() {
+			fsys = os.DirFS(path)
+			baseDir = path
+		} else {
+			if !strings.HasSuffix(path, ".star") {
+				return fmt.Errorf("script file must have suffix .star: %s", path)
+			}
 
-	// Check every app.
-	foundIssue := false
-	for _, app := range apps {
-		// Check app formatting.
-		dryRunFlag = true
-		err := formatCmd(cmd, []string{app})
-		if err != nil {
-			foundIssue = true
-			failure(app, fmt.Errorf("app is not formatted correctly: %w", err), fmt.Sprintf("try `pixlet format %s`", app))
-			continue
+			fsys = tools.NewSingleFileFS(path)
+			baseDir = filepath.Dir(path)
 		}
 
 		// Check if an app can load.
-		err = community.LoadApp(cmd, []string{app})
-		if err != nil {
-			foundIssue = true
-			failure(app, fmt.Errorf("app failed to load: %w", err), "try `pixlet community load-app` and resolve any runtime issues")
-			continue
-		}
-
-		// Check if app is linted.
-		outputFormat = "off"
-		err = lintCmd(cmd, []string{app})
+		err = community.LoadApp(cmd, []string{path})
 		if err != nil {
 			foundIssue = true
-			failure(app, fmt.Errorf("app has lint warnings: %w", err), fmt.Sprintf("try `pixlet lint --fix %s`", app))
+			failure(path, fmt.Errorf("app failed to load: %w", err), "try `pixlet community load-app` and resolve any runtime issues")
 			continue
 		}
 
 		// Ensure icons are valid.
-		err = community.ValidateIcons(cmd, []string{app})
+		err = community.ValidateIcons(cmd, []string{path})
 		if err != nil {
 			foundIssue = true
-			failure(app, fmt.Errorf("app has invalid icons: %w", err), "try `pixlet community list-icons` for the full list of valid icons")
+			failure(path, fmt.Errorf("app has invalid icons: %w", err), "try `pixlet community list-icons` for the full list of valid icons")
 			continue
 		}
 
 		// Check app manifest exists
-		dir := filepath.Dir(app)
-		if !doesManifestExist(dir) {
+		if !doesManifestExist(baseDir) {
 			foundIssue = true
-			failure(app, fmt.Errorf("couldn't find app manifest: %w", err), fmt.Sprintf("try `pixlet community create-manifest %s`", filepath.Join(dir, manifest.ManifestFileName)))
+			failure(path, fmt.Errorf("couldn't find app manifest"), fmt.Sprintf("try `pixlet community create-manifest %s`", filepath.Join(baseDir, manifest.ManifestFileName)))
 			continue
 		}
 
 		// Validate manifest.
-		manifestFile := filepath.Join(dir, manifest.ManifestFileName)
-		community.ValidateManifestAppFileName = filepath.Base(app)
+		manifestFile := filepath.Join(baseDir, manifest.ManifestFileName)
+		community.ValidateManifestAppFileName = filepath.Base(path)
 		err = community.ValidateManifest(cmd, []string{manifestFile})
 		if err != nil {
 			foundIssue = true
-			failure(app, fmt.Errorf("manifest didn't validate: %w", err), "try correcting the validation issue by updating your manifest")
-			continue
-		}
-
-		// Check spelling.
-		community.SilentSpelling = true
-		err = community.SpellCheck(cmd, []string{manifestFile})
-		if err != nil {
-			foundIssue = true
-			failure(app, fmt.Errorf("manifest contains spelling errors: %w", err), fmt.Sprintf("try `pixlet community spell-check --fix %s`", manifestFile))
+			failure(path, fmt.Errorf("manifest didn't validate: %w", err), "try correcting the validation issue by updating your manifest")
 			continue
 		}
 
@@ -126,26 +107,58 @@ func checkCmd(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
 		// Check if app renders.
 		silenceOutput = true
 		output = f.Name()
-		err = render(cmd, []string{app})
+		err = render(cmd, []string{path})
 		if err != nil {
 			foundIssue = true
-			failure(app, fmt.Errorf("app failed to render: %w", err), "try `pixlet render` and resolve any runtime issues")
+			failure(path, fmt.Errorf("app failed to render: %w", err), "try `pixlet render` and resolve any runtime issues")
 			continue
 		}
 
 		// Check performance.
-		p, err := ProfileApp(app, map[string]string{})
+		p, err := ProfileApp(path, map[string]string{})
 		if err != nil {
 			return fmt.Errorf("could not profile app: %w", err)
 		}
 		if p.DurationNanos > maxRenderTime.Nanoseconds() {
 			foundIssue = true
-			failure(app, fmt.Errorf("app takes too long to render %s", time.Duration(p.DurationNanos)), fmt.Sprintf("try optimizing your app using `pixlet profile %s` to get it under %s", app, maxRenderTime))
+			failure(
+				path,
+				fmt.Errorf("app takes too long to render %s", time.Duration(p.DurationNanos)),
+				fmt.Sprintf("try optimizing your app using `pixlet profile %s` to get it under %s", path, time.Duration(maxRenderTime)),
+			)
 			continue
 		}
 
+		// run format and lint on *.star files in the fs
+		fs.WalkDir(fsys, ".", func(p string, d fs.DirEntry, err error) error {
+			if err != nil {
+				return err
+			}
+
+			if d.IsDir() || !strings.HasSuffix(p, ".star") {
+				return nil
+			}
+
+			realPath := filepath.Join(baseDir, p)
+
+			dryRunFlag = true
+			if err := formatCmd(cmd, []string{realPath}); err != nil {
+				foundIssue = true
+				failure(p, fmt.Errorf("app is not formatted correctly: %w", err), fmt.Sprintf("try `pixlet format %s`", realPath))
+			}
+
+			outputFormat = "off"
+			err = lintCmd(cmd, []string{realPath})
+			if err != nil {
+				foundIssue = true
+				failure(p, fmt.Errorf("app has lint warnings: %w", err), fmt.Sprintf("try `pixlet lint --fix %s`", realPath))
+			}
+
+			return nil
+		})
+
 		// If we're here, the app and manifest are good to go!
-		success(app)
+		success(path)
 	}
 
 	if foundIssue {
diff --git a/cmd/community/community.go b/cmd/community/community.go
index aa8e3064ef..81b4f01702 100644
--- a/cmd/community/community.go
+++ b/cmd/community/community.go
@@ -7,8 +7,6 @@ import (
 func init() {
 	CommunityCmd.AddCommand(ListIconsCmd)
 	CommunityCmd.AddCommand(LoadAppCmd)
-	CommunityCmd.AddCommand(SpellCheckCmd)
-	CommunityCmd.AddCommand(TargetDeterminatorCmd)
 	CommunityCmd.AddCommand(ValidateIconsCmd)
 	CommunityCmd.AddCommand(ValidateManifestCmd)
 }
diff --git a/cmd/community/loadapp.go b/cmd/community/loadapp.go
index 8217976cb1..8fece80051 100644
--- a/cmd/community/loadapp.go
+++ b/cmd/community/loadapp.go
@@ -2,39 +2,50 @@ package community
 
 import (
 	"fmt"
+	"io/fs"
 	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
 	"strings"
 
 	"github.com/spf13/cobra"
 	"tidbyt.dev/pixlet/runtime"
+	"tidbyt.dev/pixlet/tools"
 )
 
 var LoadAppCmd = &cobra.Command{
-	Use:     "load-app <filespec>",
+	Use:     "load-app <path>",
 	Short:   "Validates an app can be successfully loaded in our runtime.",
-	Example: `  pixlet community load-app app.star`,
+	Example: `pixlet community load-app examples/clock`,
 	Long:    `This command ensures an app can be loaded into our runtime successfully.`,
 	Args:    cobra.ExactArgs(1),
 	RunE:    LoadApp,
 }
 
 func LoadApp(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
-	script := args[0]
+	path := args[0]
 
-	if !strings.HasSuffix(script, ".star") {
-		return fmt.Errorf("script file must have suffix .star: %s", script)
+	// check if path exists, and whether it is a directory or a file
+	info, err := os.Stat(path)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to stat %s: %w", path, err)
 	}
 
-	src, err := os.ReadFile(script)
-	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("failed to read file %s: %w", script, err)
+	var fs fs.FS
+	if info.IsDir() {
+		fs = os.DirFS(path)
+	} else {
+		if !strings.HasSuffix(path, ".star") {
+			return fmt.Errorf("script file must have suffix .star: %s", path)
+		}
+
+		fs = tools.NewSingleFileFS(path)
 	}
 
 	cache := runtime.NewInMemoryCache()
 	runtime.InitHTTP(cache)
 	runtime.InitCache(cache)
 
-	if _, err := runtime.NewApplet(script, src, runtime.WithPrintDisabled()); err != nil {
+	if _, err := runtime.NewAppletFromFS(filepath.Base(path), fs, runtime.WithPrintDisabled()); err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("failed to load applet: %w", err)
 	}
 
diff --git a/cmd/community/spellcheck.go b/cmd/community/spellcheck.go
deleted file mode 100644
index 1aebcd0c5f..0000000000
--- a/cmd/community/spellcheck.go
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,98 +0,0 @@
-package community
-
-import (
-	"fmt"
-	"io"
-	"os"
-
-	"github.com/client9/misspell"
-	"github.com/spf13/cobra"
-)
-
-var (
-	FixSpelling    bool
-	SilentSpelling bool
-)
-
-func init() {
-	SpellCheckCmd.Flags().BoolVarP(&FixSpelling, "fix", "f", false, "fixes spelling mistakes automatically")
-	SpellCheckCmd.Flags().BoolVarP(&SilentSpelling, "silent", "s", false, "silences spelling mistakes")
-}
-
-var SpellCheckCmd = &cobra.Command{
-	Use:   "spell-check <filespec>",
-	Short: "Spell check for a file",
-	Example: `  pixlet community spell-check manifest.yaml
-  pixlet community spell-check app.star`,
-	Long: `This command checks the spelling of strings located in a file. This can be used
-both for a manifest and Tidbyt app.`,
-	Args: cobra.ExactArgs(1),
-	RunE: SpellCheck,
-}
-
-func SpellCheck(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
-	// Load file for checking.
-	f, err := os.OpenFile(args[0], os.O_RDWR, 0644)
-	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("could not open file: %w", err)
-	}
-	defer f.Close()
-
-	b, err := io.ReadAll(f)
-	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("could not read file: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	// Create replacer.
-	r := misspell.Replacer{
-		Replacements: misspell.DictMain,
-	}
-
-	// Tidbyt is primarily in US markets. We only ship a US power plug, and all
-	// materials are in the US locale. In the future, we will need to consider
-	// how we manage spell check as we look to support more markets.
-	r.AddRuleList(misspell.DictAmerican)
-	r.Compile()
-
-	// Run replacer.
-	updated, diffs := r.Replace(string(b))
-
-	// If FixSpelling is true, we only want to fix spelling and return
-	if FixSpelling {
-		// Updating a file in line gets a bit tricky. The file would first have
-		// to be cleared of the file contents, which feels dangerous. So
-		// instead, create a temp file, write the contents, and then replace
-		// the original file with the new file.
-		temp := args[0] + ".temp"
-		t, err := os.Create(temp)
-		if err != nil {
-			return fmt.Errorf("could not create file: %w", err)
-		}
-		defer t.Close()
-
-		_, err = t.WriteString(updated)
-		if err != nil {
-			return fmt.Errorf("could not update file: %w", err)
-		}
-
-		err = os.Rename(temp, args[0])
-		if err != nil {
-			return fmt.Errorf("could not replace file: %w", err)
-		}
-
-		return nil
-	}
-
-	if !SilentSpelling {
-		for _, diff := range diffs {
-			fmt.Printf("`%s` is a misspelling of `%s` at line: %d\n", diff.Original, diff.Corrected, diff.Line)
-		}
-	}
-
-	// Return error if there are any diffs.
-	if len(diffs) > 0 {
-		return fmt.Errorf("%s contains spelling errors", args[0])
-	}
-
-	return nil
-}
diff --git a/cmd/community/targetdeterminator.go b/cmd/community/targetdeterminator.go
deleted file mode 100644
index cd3a2d24f2..0000000000
--- a/cmd/community/targetdeterminator.go
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,92 +0,0 @@
-package community
-
-import (
-	"fmt"
-	"os"
-	"path/filepath"
-	"strings"
-
-	"github.com/spf13/cobra"
-	"tidbyt.dev/pixlet/tools/repo"
-)
-
-var (
-	oldCommit string
-	newCommit string
-)
-
-func init() {
-	TargetDeterminatorCmd.Flags().StringVarP(&oldCommit, "old", "o", "", "The old commit to compare against")
-	TargetDeterminatorCmd.MarkFlagRequired("old")
-	TargetDeterminatorCmd.Flags().StringVarP(&newCommit, "new", "n", "", "The new commit to compare against")
-	TargetDeterminatorCmd.MarkFlagRequired("new")
-}
-
-var TargetDeterminatorCmd = &cobra.Command{
-	Use:   "target-determinator",
-	Short: "Determines what files have changed between old and new commit",
-	Example: `  pixlet community target-determinator \
-    --old 4d69e9bbf181434229a98e87909a619634072930 \
-    --new 2fc2a1fcfa48bbb0b836084c1b1e259322c4e133`,
-	Long: `This command determines what files have changed between two commits
-so that we can limit the build in the community repo to only the files that
-have changed.`,
-	RunE: determineTargets,
-}
-
-func determineTargets(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
-	cwd, err := os.Getwd()
-	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("could not determine targets, something went wrong with the local filesystem: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	changedFiles, err := repo.DetermineChanges(cwd, oldCommit, newCommit)
-	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("could not determine targets: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	changedApps := map[string]bool{}
-	for _, f := range changedFiles {
-		dir := filepath.Dir(f) + string(os.PathSeparator)
-
-		// We only care about things in apps/{{ app package }}/ changing and
-		// nothing else. Skip any file changes that are not in that structure.
-		parts := strings.Split(f, string(os.PathSeparator))
-		if len(parts) < 3 {
-			continue
-		}
-
-		// If the filepath does not start with apps, we also don't care about
-		// it.
-		if !strings.HasPrefix(dir, "apps") {
-			continue
-		}
-
-		// If the directory no longer exists, we don't care about it. This would
-		// happen if someone deleted an app in a PR.
-		if !dirExists(dir) {
-			continue
-		}
-
-		changedApps[dir] = true
-	}
-
-	for app := range changedApps {
-		fmt.Println(app)
-	}
-
-	return nil
-}
-
-func dirExists(dir string) bool {
-	_, err := os.Stat(dir)
-	if os.IsNotExist(err) {
-		return false
-	}
-
-	if err != nil {
-		return false
-	}
-
-	return true
-}
diff --git a/cmd/community/validateicons.go b/cmd/community/validateicons.go
index f6d055afb1..d693995bd2 100644
--- a/cmd/community/validateicons.go
+++ b/cmd/community/validateicons.go
@@ -3,20 +3,22 @@ package community
 import (
 	"encoding/json"
 	"fmt"
-	"io"
+	"io/fs"
 	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"strings"
 
 	"github.com/spf13/cobra"
-	"go.starlark.net/starlark"
 	"tidbyt.dev/pixlet/icons"
 	"tidbyt.dev/pixlet/runtime"
 	"tidbyt.dev/pixlet/schema"
+	"tidbyt.dev/pixlet/tools"
 )
 
 var ValidateIconsCmd = &cobra.Command{
-	Use:     "validate-icons <pathspec>",
+	Use:     "validate-icons <path>",
 	Short:   "Validates the schema icons used are available in our mobile app.",
-	Example: `  pixlet community validate-icons app.star`,
+	Example: `pixlet community validate-icons examples/schema_hello_world`,
 	Long: `This command determines if the icons selected in your app schema are supported
 by our mobile app.`,
 	Args: cobra.ExactArgs(1),
@@ -24,29 +26,30 @@ by our mobile app.`,
 }
 
 func ValidateIcons(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
-	f, err := os.Open(args[0])
+	path := args[0]
+
+	// check if path exists, and whether it is a directory or a file
+	info, err := os.Stat(path)
 	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("couldn't open app: %w", err)
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to stat %s: %w", path, err)
 	}
-	defer f.Close()
 
-	src, err := io.ReadAll(f)
-	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("failed to read app %s: %w", args[0], err)
+	var fs fs.FS
+	if info.IsDir() {
+		fs = os.DirFS(path)
+	} else {
+		if !strings.HasSuffix(path, ".star") {
+			return fmt.Errorf("script file must have suffix .star: %s", path)
+		}
+
+		fs = tools.NewSingleFileFS(path)
 	}
 
 	cache := runtime.NewInMemoryCache()
 	runtime.InitHTTP(cache)
 	runtime.InitCache(cache)
 
-	// Remove the print function from the starlark thread.
-	initializers := []runtime.ThreadInitializer{}
-	initializers = append(initializers, func(thread *starlark.Thread) *starlark.Thread {
-		thread.Print = func(thread *starlark.Thread, msg string) {}
-		return thread
-	})
-
-	applet, err := runtime.NewApplet(args[0], src, runtime.WithPrintDisabled())
+	applet, err := runtime.NewAppletFromFS(filepath.Base(path), fs, runtime.WithPrintDisabled())
 	if err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("failed to load applet: %w", err)
 	}
diff --git a/cmd/lint.go b/cmd/lint.go
index eaec00b9ab..104507c48e 100644
--- a/cmd/lint.go
+++ b/cmd/lint.go
@@ -48,11 +48,6 @@ func lintCmd(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
 	differ, _ := differ.Find()
 	diff = differ
 
-	// TODO: We currently offer misspelling protection in the community repo
-	// for app manifests. We'll want to consider adding additional spelling
-	// support to pixlet lint to ensure typos in apps don't make it to
-	// production.
-
 	// Run buildifier and exit with the returned exit code.
 	exitCode := runBuildifier(args, lint, mode, outputFormat, rflag, vflag)
 	if exitCode != 0 {
diff --git a/cmd/profile.go b/cmd/profile.go
index 27d5a9b7e2..1a4d691d9b 100644
--- a/cmd/profile.go
+++ b/cmd/profile.go
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ import (
 	"bytes"
 	"context"
 	"fmt"
+	"io/fs"
 	"os"
 	"strings"
 	"time"
@@ -14,6 +15,7 @@ import (
 	"go.starlark.net/starlark"
 
 	"tidbyt.dev/pixlet/runtime"
+	"tidbyt.dev/pixlet/tools"
 )
 
 var (
@@ -27,8 +29,8 @@ func init() {
 }
 
 var ProfileCmd = &cobra.Command{
-	Use:   "profile [script] [<key>=value>]...",
-	Short: "Run a Pixlet script and print its execution-time profile",
+	Use:   "profile <path> [<key>=value>]...",
+	Short: "Run a Pixlet app and print its execution-time profile",
 	Args:  cobra.MinimumNArgs(1),
 	RunE:  profile,
 }
@@ -65,11 +67,7 @@ func (u printUI) WantBrowser() bool                            { return false }
 func (u printUI) SetAutoComplete(complete func(string) string) {}
 
 func profile(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
-	script := args[0]
-
-	if !strings.HasSuffix(script, ".star") {
-		return fmt.Errorf("script file must have suffix .star: %s", script)
-	}
+	path := args[0]
 
 	config := map[string]string{}
 	for _, param := range args[1:] {
@@ -80,7 +78,7 @@ func profile(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
 		config[split[0]] = split[1]
 	}
 
-	profile, err := ProfileApp(script, config)
+	profile, err := ProfileApp(path, config)
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
@@ -96,17 +94,28 @@ func profile(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
 	return nil
 }
 
-func ProfileApp(script string, config map[string]string) (*pprof_profile.Profile, error) {
-	src, err := os.ReadFile(script)
+func ProfileApp(path string, config map[string]string) (*pprof_profile.Profile, error) {
+	info, err := os.Stat(path)
 	if err != nil {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to read file %s: %w", script, err)
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to stat %s: %w", path, err)
+	}
+
+	var fsys fs.FS
+	if info.IsDir() {
+		fsys = os.DirFS(path)
+	} else {
+		if !strings.HasSuffix(path, ".star") {
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("script file must have suffix .star: %s", path)
+		}
+
+		fsys = tools.NewSingleFileFS(path)
 	}
 
 	cache := runtime.NewInMemoryCache()
 	runtime.InitHTTP(cache)
 	runtime.InitCache(cache)
 
-	applet, err := runtime.NewApplet(script, src, runtime.WithPrintDisabled())
+	applet, err := runtime.NewAppletFromFS(path, fsys, runtime.WithPrintDisabled())
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to load applet: %w", err)
 	}
diff --git a/cmd/render.go b/cmd/render.go
index d64327c78c..e7c532c4c0 100644
--- a/cmd/render.go
+++ b/cmd/render.go
@@ -8,7 +8,6 @@ import (
 	"os"
 	"path/filepath"
 	"strings"
-	"testing/fstest"
 	"time"
 
 	"github.com/spf13/cobra"
@@ -16,6 +15,7 @@ import (
 	"tidbyt.dev/pixlet/encode"
 	"tidbyt.dev/pixlet/globals"
 	"tidbyt.dev/pixlet/runtime"
+	"tidbyt.dev/pixlet/tools"
 )
 
 var (
@@ -102,15 +102,7 @@ func render(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
 			return fmt.Errorf("script file must have suffix .star: %s", path)
 		}
 
-		src, err := os.ReadFile(path)
-		if err != nil {
-			return fmt.Errorf("failed to read file %s: %w", path, err)
-		}
-
-		fs = fstest.MapFS{
-			filepath.Base(path): {Data: src},
-		}
-
+		fs = tools.NewSingleFileFS(path)
 		outPath = strings.TrimSuffix(path, ".star")
 	}
 
diff --git a/go.mod b/go.mod
index 6ccccc8e20..228bc50f82 100644
--- a/go.mod
+++ b/go.mod
@@ -8,14 +8,13 @@ require (
 	github.com/Code-Hex/Neo-cowsay/v2 v2.0.4
 	github.com/antchfx/xmlquery v1.4.0
 	github.com/bazelbuild/buildtools v0.0.0-20230425225026-3dcc8d67e8ea
-	github.com/client9/misspell v0.3.4
 	github.com/dustin/go-humanize v1.0.1
 	github.com/ericpauley/go-quantize v0.0.0-20200331213906-ae555eb2afa4
 	github.com/fatih/color v1.16.0
 	github.com/fsnotify/fsnotify v1.7.0
 	github.com/gitsight/go-vcsurl v1.0.1
 	github.com/go-git/go-git/v5 v5.12.0
-	github.com/go-playground/validator/v10 v10.15.1
+	github.com/go-playground/validator/v10 v10.19.0
 	github.com/google/pprof v0.0.0-20240424215950-a892ee059fd6
 	github.com/google/tink/go v1.7.0
 	github.com/gorilla/mux v1.8.1
@@ -62,7 +61,7 @@ require (
 	github.com/davecgh/go-spew v1.1.2-0.20180830191138-d8f796af33cc // indirect
 	github.com/dustmop/soup v1.1.2-0.20190516214245-38228baa104e // indirect
 	github.com/emirpasic/gods v1.18.1 // indirect
-	github.com/gabriel-vasile/mimetype v1.4.2 // indirect
+	github.com/gabriel-vasile/mimetype v1.4.3 // indirect
 	github.com/go-git/gcfg v1.5.1-0.20230307220236-3a3c6141e376 // indirect
 	github.com/go-git/go-billy/v5 v5.5.0 // indirect
 	github.com/go-playground/locales v0.14.1 // indirect
@@ -75,7 +74,7 @@ require (
 	github.com/inconshreveable/mousetrap v1.1.0 // indirect
 	github.com/jbenet/go-context v0.0.0-20150711004518-d14ea06fba99 // indirect
 	github.com/kevinburke/ssh_config v1.2.0 // indirect
-	github.com/leodido/go-urn v1.2.4 // indirect
+	github.com/leodido/go-urn v1.4.0 // indirect
 	github.com/magiconair/properties v1.8.7 // indirect
 	github.com/mattn/go-colorable v0.1.13 // indirect
 	github.com/mattn/go-isatty v0.0.20 // indirect
diff --git a/go.sum b/go.sum
index 5db58c01df..86b6fb1b2f 100644
--- a/go.sum
+++ b/go.sum
@@ -51,7 +51,6 @@ github.com/chzyer/readline v1.5.1/go.mod h1:Eh+b79XXUwfKfcPLepksvw2tcLE/Ct21YObk
 github.com/chzyer/test v0.0.0-20180213035817-a1ea475d72b1/go.mod h1:Q3SI9o4m/ZMnBNeIyt5eFwwo7qiLfzFZmjNmxjkiQlU=
 github.com/chzyer/test v1.0.0 h1:p3BQDXSxOhOG0P9z6/hGnII4LGiEPOYBhs8asl/fC04=
 github.com/chzyer/test v1.0.0/go.mod h1:2JlltgoNkt4TW/z9V/IzDdFaMTM2JPIi26O1pF38GC8=
-github.com/client9/misspell v0.3.4 h1:ta993UF76GwbvJcIo3Y68y/M3WxlpEHPWIGDkJYwzJI=
 github.com/client9/misspell v0.3.4/go.mod h1:qj6jICC3Q7zFZvVWo7KLAzC3yx5G7kyvSDkc90ppPyw=
 github.com/cloudflare/circl v1.3.3/go.mod h1:5XYMA4rFBvNIrhs50XuiBJ15vF2pZn4nnUKZrLbUZFA=
 github.com/cloudflare/circl v1.3.7 h1:qlCDlTPz2n9fu58M0Nh1J/JzcFpfgkFHHX3O35r5vcU=
@@ -90,8 +89,8 @@ github.com/frankban/quicktest v1.14.6/go.mod h1:4ptaffx2x8+WTWXmUCuVU6aPUX1/Mz7z
 github.com/fsnotify/fsnotify v1.4.7/go.mod h1:jwhsz4b93w/PPRr/qN1Yymfu8t87LnFCMoQvtojpjFo=
 github.com/fsnotify/fsnotify v1.7.0 h1:8JEhPFa5W2WU7YfeZzPNqzMP6Lwt7L2715Ggo0nosvA=
 github.com/fsnotify/fsnotify v1.7.0/go.mod h1:40Bi/Hjc2AVfZrqy+aj+yEI+/bRxZnMJyTJwOpGvigM=
-github.com/gabriel-vasile/mimetype v1.4.2 h1:w5qFW6JKBz9Y393Y4q372O9A7cUSequkh1Q7OhCmWKU=
-github.com/gabriel-vasile/mimetype v1.4.2/go.mod h1:zApsH/mKG4w07erKIaJPFiX0Tsq9BFQgN3qGY5GnNgA=
+github.com/gabriel-vasile/mimetype v1.4.3 h1:in2uUcidCuFcDKtdcBxlR0rJ1+fsokWf+uqxgUFjbI0=
+github.com/gabriel-vasile/mimetype v1.4.3/go.mod h1:d8uq/6HKRL6CGdk+aubisF/M5GcPfT7nKyLpA0lbSSk=
 github.com/ghodss/yaml v1.0.0/go.mod h1:4dBDuWmgqj2HViK6kFavaiC9ZROes6MMH2rRYeMEF04=
 github.com/gitsight/go-vcsurl v1.0.1 h1:wkijKsbVg9R2IBP97U7wOANeIW9WJJKkBwS9XqllzWo=
 github.com/gitsight/go-vcsurl v1.0.1/go.mod h1:qRFdKDa/0Lh9MT0xE+qQBYZ/01+mY1H40rZUHR24X9U=
@@ -114,8 +113,8 @@ github.com/go-playground/locales v0.14.1 h1:EWaQ/wswjilfKLTECiXz7Rh+3BjFhfDFKv/o
 github.com/go-playground/locales v0.14.1/go.mod h1:hxrqLVvrK65+Rwrd5Fc6F2O76J/NuW9t0sjnWqG1slY=
 github.com/go-playground/universal-translator v0.18.1 h1:Bcnm0ZwsGyWbCzImXv+pAJnYK9S473LQFuzCbDbfSFY=
 github.com/go-playground/universal-translator v0.18.1/go.mod h1:xekY+UJKNuX9WP91TpwSH2VMlDf28Uj24BCp08ZFTUY=
-github.com/go-playground/validator/v10 v10.15.1 h1:BSe8uhN+xQ4r5guV/ywQI4gO59C2raYcGffYWZEjZzM=
-github.com/go-playground/validator/v10 v10.15.1/go.mod h1:9iXMNT7sEkjXb0I+enO7QXmzG6QCsPWY4zveKFVRSyU=
+github.com/go-playground/validator/v10 v10.19.0 h1:ol+5Fu+cSq9JD7SoSqe04GMI92cbn0+wvQ3bZ8b/AU4=
+github.com/go-playground/validator/v10 v10.19.0/go.mod h1:dbuPbCMFw/DrkbEynArYaCwl3amGuJotoKCe95atGMM=
 github.com/go-stack/stack v1.8.0/go.mod h1:v0f6uXyyMGvRgIKkXu+yp6POWl0qKG85gN/melR3HDY=
 github.com/gobwas/httphead v0.1.0 h1:exrUm0f4YX0L7EBwZHuCF4GDp8aJfVeBrlLQrs6NqWU=
 github.com/gobwas/httphead v0.1.0/go.mod h1:O/RXo79gxV8G+RqlR/otEwx4Q36zl9rqC5u12GKvMCM=
@@ -157,8 +156,6 @@ github.com/google/go-cmp v0.5.5/go.mod h1:v8dTdLbMG2kIc/vJvl+f65V22dbkXbowE6jgT/
 github.com/google/go-cmp v0.5.6/go.mod h1:v8dTdLbMG2kIc/vJvl+f65V22dbkXbowE6jgT/gNBxE=
 github.com/google/go-cmp v0.6.0 h1:ofyhxvXcZhMsU5ulbFiLKl/XBFqE1GSq7atu8tAmTRI=
 github.com/google/go-cmp v0.6.0/go.mod h1:17dUlkBOakJ0+DkrSSNjCkIjxS6bF9zb3elmeNGIjoY=
-github.com/google/pprof v0.0.0-20240416155748-26353dc0451f h1:WpZiq8iqvGjJ3m3wzAVKL6+0vz7VkE79iSy9GII00II=
-github.com/google/pprof v0.0.0-20240416155748-26353dc0451f/go.mod h1:kf6iHlnVGwgKolg33glAes7Yg/8iWP8ukqeldJSO7jw=
 github.com/google/pprof v0.0.0-20240424215950-a892ee059fd6 h1:k7nVchz72niMH6YLQNvHSdIE7iqsQxK1P41mySCvssg=
 github.com/google/pprof v0.0.0-20240424215950-a892ee059fd6/go.mod h1:kf6iHlnVGwgKolg33glAes7Yg/8iWP8ukqeldJSO7jw=
 github.com/google/tink/go v1.7.0 h1:6Eox8zONGebBFcCBqkVmt60LaWZa6xg1cl/DwAh/J1w=
@@ -198,8 +195,8 @@ github.com/kr/pty v1.1.1/go.mod h1:pFQYn66WHrOpPYNljwOMqo10TkYh1fy3cYio2l3bCsQ=
 github.com/kr/text v0.1.0/go.mod h1:4Jbv+DJW3UT/LiOwJeYQe1efqtUx/iVham/4vfdArNI=
 github.com/kr/text v0.2.0 h1:5Nx0Ya0ZqY2ygV366QzturHI13Jq95ApcVaJBhpS+AY=
 github.com/kr/text v0.2.0/go.mod h1:eLer722TekiGuMkidMxC/pM04lWEeraHUUmBw8l2grE=
-github.com/leodido/go-urn v1.2.4 h1:XlAE/cm/ms7TE/VMVoduSpNBoyc2dOxHs5MZSwAN63Q=
-github.com/leodido/go-urn v1.2.4/go.mod h1:7ZrI8mTSeBSHl/UaRyKQW1qZeMgak41ANeCNaVckg+4=
+github.com/leodido/go-urn v1.4.0 h1:WT9HwE9SGECu3lg4d/dIA+jxlljEa1/ffXKmRjqdmIQ=
+github.com/leodido/go-urn v1.4.0/go.mod h1:bvxc+MVxLKB4z00jd1z+Dvzr47oO32F/QSNjSBOlFxI=
 github.com/magiconair/properties v1.8.0/go.mod h1:PppfXfuXeibc/6YijjN8zIbojt8czPbwD3XqdrwzmxQ=
 github.com/magiconair/properties v1.8.7 h1:IeQXZAiQcpL9mgcAe1Nu6cX9LLw6ExEHKjN0VQdvPDY=
 github.com/magiconair/properties v1.8.7/go.mod h1:Dhd985XPs7jluiymwWYZ0G4Z61jb3vdS329zhj2hYo0=
@@ -326,7 +323,6 @@ github.com/stretchr/testify v1.4.0/go.mod h1:j7eGeouHqKxXV5pUuKE4zz7dFj8WfuZ+81P
 github.com/stretchr/testify v1.5.1/go.mod h1:5W2xD1RspED5o8YsWQXVCued0rvSQ+mT+I5cxcmMvtA=
 github.com/stretchr/testify v1.7.1/go.mod h1:6Fq8oRcR53rry900zMqJjRRixrwX3KX962/h/Wwjteg=
 github.com/stretchr/testify v1.8.0/go.mod h1:yNjHg4UonilssWZ8iaSj1OCr/vHnekPRkoO+kdMU+MU=
-github.com/stretchr/testify v1.8.2/go.mod h1:w2LPCIKwWwSfY2zedu0+kehJoqGctiVI29o6fzry7u4=
 github.com/stretchr/testify v1.8.4/go.mod h1:sz/lmYIOXD/1dqDmKjjqLyZ2RngseejIcXlSw2iwfAo=
 github.com/stretchr/testify v1.9.0 h1:HtqpIVDClZ4nwg75+f6Lvsy/wHu+3BoSGCbBAcpTsTg=
 github.com/stretchr/testify v1.9.0/go.mod h1:r2ic/lqez/lEtzL7wO/rwa5dbSLXVDPFyf8C91i36aY=
diff --git a/icons/icons.go b/icons/icons.go
index 1b4661eb8d..12f71f96b2 100644
--- a/icons/icons.go
+++ b/icons/icons.go
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-//nolint:misspell
 package icons
 
 // IconsMap is the name of a FontAwesome icon to the name in our mobile app. In
diff --git a/runtime/applet.go b/runtime/applet.go
index 2bac67fe01..0c4ddddc5c 100644
--- a/runtime/applet.go
+++ b/runtime/applet.go
@@ -11,9 +11,9 @@ import (
 	"testing"
 	"testing/fstest"
 
+	starlibbsoup "github.com/qri-io/starlib/bsoup"
 	starlibgzip "github.com/qri-io/starlib/compress/gzip"
 	starlibbase64 "github.com/qri-io/starlib/encoding/base64"
-	starlibbsoup "github.com/qri-io/starlib/bsoup"
 	starlibcsv "github.com/qri-io/starlib/encoding/csv"
 	starlibhash "github.com/qri-io/starlib/hash"
 	starlibhtml "github.com/qri-io/starlib/html"
@@ -311,24 +311,21 @@ func (a *Applet) PathsForBundle() []string {
 }
 
 func (a *Applet) load(fsys fs.FS) (err error) {
-	if err := fs.WalkDir(fsys, ".", func(pathToLoad string, d fs.DirEntry, walkDirErr error) error {
-		if walkDirErr != nil {
-			return walkDirErr
-		}
+	// list files in the root directory of fsys
+	rootDir, err := fs.ReadDir(fsys, ".")
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("reading root directory: %v", err)
+	}
 
-		if d.IsDir() || path.Dir(pathToLoad) != "." {
-			// only process files in the root directory
-			return nil
+	for _, d := range rootDir {
+		if d.IsDir() || !strings.HasSuffix(d.Name(), ".star") {
+			// only process Starlark files
+			continue
 		}
 
-		if !strings.HasSuffix(pathToLoad, ".star") {
-			// not a starlark file
-			return nil
+		if err := a.ensureLoaded(fsys, d.Name()); err != nil {
+			return err
 		}
-
-		return a.ensureLoaded(fsys, pathToLoad)
-	}); err != nil {
-		return err
 	}
 
 	if a.mainFun == nil {
diff --git a/schema/schema.go b/schema/schema.go
index 63527edf30..dfe9caf7ee 100644
--- a/schema/schema.go
+++ b/schema/schema.go
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ type SchemaField struct {
 	Name        string            `json:"name,omitempty" validate:"required_for=datetime dropdown location locationbased onoff radio text typeahead png"`
 	Description string            `json:"description,omitempty"`
 	Icon        string            `json:"icon,omitempty" validate:"forbidden_for=generated"`
-	Visibility  *SchemaVisibility `json:"visibility,omitempty" validate:"omitempty,dive"`
+	Visibility  *SchemaVisibility `json:"visibility,omitempty" validate:"omitempty"`
 
 	Default string         `json:"default,omitempty" validate:"required_for=dropdown onoff radio"`
 	Options []SchemaOption `json:"options,omitempty" validate:"required_for=dropdown radio,dive"`
diff --git a/tools/repo/repo.go b/tools/repo/repo.go
index abd48a4bbb..f79e49c1a6 100644
--- a/tools/repo/repo.go
+++ b/tools/repo/repo.go
@@ -5,8 +5,6 @@ import (
 
 	"github.com/gitsight/go-vcsurl"
 	"github.com/go-git/go-git/v5"
-	"github.com/go-git/go-git/v5/plumbing"
-	"github.com/go-git/go-git/v5/plumbing/object"
 )
 
 // IsInRepo determines if the provided directory is in the provided git
@@ -60,65 +58,3 @@ func RepoRoot(dir string) (string, error) {
 
 	return worktree.Filesystem.Root(), nil
 }
-
-func DetermineChanges(dir string, oldCommit string, newCommit string) ([]string, error) {
-	// Load the repo.
-	repo, err := git.PlainOpenWithOptions(dir, &git.PlainOpenOptions{
-		DetectDotGit: true,
-	})
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("couldn't instantiate repo: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	// Do a bunch of plumbing to get these commits usable for go-git
-	oldHash, err := repo.ResolveRevision(plumbing.Revision(oldCommit))
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("couldn't parse old commit: %w", err)
-	}
-	newHash, err := repo.ResolveRevision(plumbing.Revision(newCommit))
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("couldn't parse new commit: %w", err)
-	}
-	old, err := repo.CommitObject(*oldHash)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("couldn't find old commit: %w", err)
-	}
-	new, err := repo.CommitObject(*newHash)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("couldn't find new commit: %w", err)
-	}
-	oldTree, err := old.Tree()
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("couldn't generate tree for old commit: %w", err)
-	}
-	newTree, err := new.Tree()
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("couldn't generate tree for new commit: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	// Diff the two trees to determine what changed.
-	changes, err := oldTree.Diff(newTree)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("couldn't get changes between commits: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	// Create a unique list of changed files.
-	changedFiles := []string{}
-	for _, change := range changes {
-		changedFiles = append(changedFiles, getChangeName(change))
-	}
-
-	return changedFiles, nil
-}
-
-func getChangeName(change *object.Change) string {
-	var empty = object.ChangeEntry{}
-
-	// Use the To field for Inserts and Modifications.
-	if change.To != empty {
-		return change.To.Name
-	}
-
-	// The From field for Deletes.
-	return change.From.Name
-}