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Containers ports

Prerequisites

Mapping ports on bridge network

Run a new container based on httpd (Apache webserver) image and attached to the bridge network

$ docker run --rm -d --network bridge --name container_1 httpd:latest 
...
50fa51a075c80685849f2192e2a82026935debd02c0647ea4c440545f3c3ea9b

To find out what port the container is opening and exposing

$ docker inspect --format='{{range $p, $conf := .Config.ExposedPorts}} {{$p}} {{end}}'  container_1  

 80/tcp

Try to access the Apache default home page using cURL (I used localhost as the Docker host since Docker Desktop is running on my laptop. In the case you are using Docker Toolbox or you are dealing with a remote Docker host, please use the Docker host IP address instead).

$ curl http://localhost:80/
curl: (7) Failed to connect to localhost port 80: Connection refused

Stop (and remove) the container.

$ docker stop container_1
container_1

Now let's try to map the container's port on the Docker host

$ docker run --rm -d -p 8080:80 --network bridge --name container_1 httpd:latest 
732d82f0c9cc6c357088c92b5d077dc8174fe12cc6f3f7d2d9c5695f3e4590c7

To find out what port the container is opening and exposing

$ docker inspect --format='{{range $p, $conf := .NetworkSettings.Ports}} {{$p}} -> {{( index $conf 0).HostPort}} {{end}}' container_1

 80/tcp -> 8080 
$ curl http://localhost:8080/
<html><body><h1>It works!</h1></body></html>

Stop (and remove) the container.

$ docker stop container_1
container_1

Mapping ports on host network (!!!This demo works on Linux only!!!)

Run a new container based on httpd (Apache webserver) image and attached to the host network

$ docker run --rm -d --network host --name container_1 httpd:latest 
...
74459a441a3e843096a4027d92fcc5b08b5d673c31c2183c4e45c994ec66f45f

Try to access the Apache default home page using cURL (I used localhost as the Docker host since Docker Desktop is running on my laptop. In the case you are using Docker Toolbox or you are dealing with a remote Docker host, please use the Docker host IP address instead).

$ curl http://localhost/
<html><body><h1>It works!</h1></body></html>

In this case, even if we run the container without mapping its ports on the Docker host, all the container's port are mapped by default (and the curl command worked)

Stop (and remove) the container.

$ docker stop container_1
container_1