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dcload.py
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dcload.py
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# This python module provides a functional interface to a B&K DC load
# through the DCLoad object. This object can also be used as a COM
# server by running this module as a script to register it. All the
# DCLoad object methods return strings. All units into and out of the
# DCLoad object's methods are in SI units.
#
# See the documentation file that came with this script.
#
# $RCSfile: dcload.py $
# $Revision: 1.0 $
# $Date: 2008/05/17 15:57:15 $
# $Author: Don Peterson $
from __future__ import division
import sys, time, serial
from string import join
try:
from win32com.server.exception import COMException
except:
pass
# Debugging information is set to stdout by default. You can change
# the out variable to another method to e.g. write to a different
# stream.
out = sys.stdout.write
nl = "\n"
class InstrumentException(Exception): pass
class InstrumentInterface:
'''Provides the interface to a 26 byte instrument along with utility
functions.
'''
debug = 0 # Set to 1 to see dumps of commands and responses
length_packet = 26 # Number of bytes in a packet
convert_current = 1e4 # Convert current in A to 0.1 mA
convert_voltage = 1e3 # Convert voltage in V to mV
convert_power = 1e3 # Convert power in W to mW
convert_resistance = 1e3 # Convert resistance in ohm to mohm
to_ms = 1000 # Converts seconds to ms
# Number of settings storage registers
lowest_register = 1
highest_register = 25
# Values for setting modes of CC, CV, CW, or CR
modes = {"cc":0, "cv":1, "cw":2, "cr":3}
def Initialize(self, com_port, baudrate, address=0):
self.sp = serial.Serial(com_port-1, baudrate)
self.address = address
def DumpCommand(self, bytes):
'''Print out the contents of a 26 byte command. Example:
aa .. 20 01 .. .. .. .. .. ..
.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
.. .. .. .. .. cb
'''
assert(len(bytes) == self.length_packet)
header = " "*3
out(header)
for i in xrange(self.length_packet):
if i % 10 == 0 and i != 0:
out(nl + header)
if i % 5 == 0:
out(" ")
s = "%02x" % ord(bytes[i])
if s == "00":
# Use the decimal point character if you see an
# unattractive printout on your machine.
#s = "."*2
# The following alternate character looks nicer
# in a console window on Windows.
s = chr(250)*2
out(s)
out(nl)
def CommandProperlyFormed(self, cmd):
'''Return 1 if a command is properly formed; otherwise, return 0.
'''
commands = (
0x20, 0x21, 0x22, 0x23, 0x24, 0x25, 0x26, 0x27, 0x28, 0x29,
0x2A, 0x2B, 0x2C, 0x2D, 0x2E, 0x2F, 0x30, 0x31, 0x32, 0x33,
0x34, 0x35, 0x36, 0x37, 0x38, 0x39, 0x3A, 0x3B, 0x3C, 0x3D,
0x3E, 0x3F, 0x40, 0x41, 0x42, 0x43, 0x44, 0x45, 0x46, 0x47,
0x48, 0x49, 0x4A, 0x4B, 0x4C, 0x4D, 0x4E, 0x4F, 0x50, 0x51,
0x52, 0x53, 0x54, 0x55, 0x56, 0x57, 0x58, 0x59, 0x5A, 0x5B,
0x5C, 0x5D, 0x5E, 0x5F, 0x60, 0x61, 0x62, 0x63, 0x64, 0x65,
0x66, 0x67, 0x68, 0x69, 0x6A, 0x6B, 0x6C, 0x12
)
# Must be proper length
if len(cmd) != self.length_packet:
out("Command length = " + str(len(cmd)) + "-- should be " + \
str(self.length_packet) + nl)
return 0
# First character must be 0xaa
if ord(cmd[0]) != 0xaa:
out("First byte should be 0xaa" + nl)
return 0
# Second character (address) must not be 0xff
if ord(cmd[1]) == 0xff:
out("Second byte cannot be 0xff" + nl)
return 0
# Third character must be valid command
byte3 = "%02X" % ord(cmd[2])
if ord(cmd[2]) not in commands:
out("Third byte not a valid command: %s\n" % byte3)
return 0
# Calculate checksum and validate it
checksum = self.CalculateChecksum(cmd)
if checksum != ord(cmd[-1]):
out("Incorrect checksum" + nl)
return 0
return 1
def CalculateChecksum(self, cmd):
'''Return the sum of the bytes in cmd modulo 256.
'''
assert((len(cmd) == self.length_packet - 1) or (len(cmd) == self.length_packet))
checksum = 0
for i in xrange(self.length_packet - 1):
checksum += ord(cmd[i])
checksum %= 256
return checksum
def StartCommand(self, byte):
return chr(0xaa) + chr(self.address) + chr(byte)
def SendCommand(self, command):
'''Sends the command to the serial stream and returns the 26 byte
response.
'''
assert(len(command) == self.length_packet)
self.sp.write(command)
response = self.sp.read(self.length_packet)
assert(len(response) == self.length_packet)
return response
def ResponseStatus(self, response):
'''Return a message string about what the response meant. The
empty string means the response was OK.
'''
responses = {
0x90 : "Wrong checksum",
0xA0 : "Incorrect parameter value",
0xB0 : "Command cannot be carried out",
0xC0 : "Invalid command",
0x80 : "",
}
assert(len(response) == self.length_packet)
assert(ord(response[2]) == 0x12)
return responses[ord(response[3])]
def CodeInteger(self, value, num_bytes=4):
'''Construct a little endian string for the indicated value. Two
and 4 byte integers are the only ones allowed.
'''
assert(num_bytes == 1 or num_bytes == 2 or num_bytes == 4)
value = int(value) # Make sure it's an integer
s = chr(value & 0xff)
if num_bytes >= 2:
s += chr((value & (0xff << 8)) >> 8)
if num_bytes == 4:
s += chr((value & (0xff << 16)) >> 16)
s += chr((value & (0xff << 24)) >> 24)
assert(len(s) == 4)
return s
def DecodeInteger(self, str):
'''Construct an integer from the little endian string. 1, 2, and 4 byte
strings are the only ones allowed.
'''
assert(len(str) == 1 or len(str) == 2 or len(str) == 4)
n = ord(str[0])
if len(str) >= 2:
n += (ord(str[1]) << 8)
if len(str) == 4:
n += (ord(str[2]) << 16)
n += (ord(str[3]) << 24)
return n
def GetReserved(self, num_used):
'''Construct a string of nul characters of such length to pad a
command to one less than the packet size (leaves room for the
checksum byte.
'''
num = self.length_packet - num_used - 1
assert(num > 0)
return chr(0)*num
def PrintCommandAndResponse(self, cmd, response, cmd_name):
'''Print the command and its response if debugging is on.
'''
assert(cmd_name)
if self.debug:
out(cmd_name + " command:" + nl)
self.DumpCommand(cmd)
out(cmd_name + " response:" + nl)
self.DumpCommand(response)
def GetCommand(self, command, value, num_bytes=4):
'''Construct the command with an integer value of 0, 1, 2, or
4 bytes.
'''
cmd = self.StartCommand(command)
if num_bytes > 0:
r = num_bytes + 3
cmd += self.CodeInteger(value)[:num_bytes] + self.Reserved(r)
else:
cmd += self.Reserved(0)
cmd += chr(self.CalculateChecksum(cmd))
assert(self.CommandProperlyFormed(cmd))
return cmd
def GetData(self, data, num_bytes=4):
'''Extract the little endian integer from the data and return it.
'''
assert(len(data) == self.length_packet)
if num_bytes == 1:
return ord(data[3])
elif num_bytes == 2:
return self.DecodeInteger(data[3:5])
elif num_bytes == 4:
return self.DecodeInteger(data[3:7])
else:
raise Exception("Bad number of bytes: %d" % num_bytes)
def Reserved(self, num_used):
assert(num_used >= 3 and num_used < self.length_packet - 1)
return chr(0)*(self.length_packet - num_used - 1)
def SendIntegerToLoad(self, byte, value, msg, num_bytes=4):
'''Send the indicated command along with value encoded as an integer
of the specified size. Return the instrument's response status.
'''
cmd = self.GetCommand(byte, value, num_bytes)
response = self.SendCommand(cmd)
self.PrintCommandAndResponse(cmd, response, msg)
return self.ResponseStatus(response)
def GetIntegerFromLoad(self, cmd_byte, msg, num_bytes=4):
'''Construct a command from the byte in cmd_byte, send it, get
the response, then decode the response into an integer with the
number of bytes in num_bytes. msg is the debugging string for
the printout. Return the integer.
'''
assert(num_bytes == 1 or num_bytes == 2 or num_bytes == 4)
cmd = self.StartCommand(cmd_byte)
cmd += self.Reserved(3)
cmd += chr(self.CalculateChecksum(cmd))
assert(self.CommandProperlyFormed(cmd))
response = self.SendCommand(cmd)
self.PrintCommandAndResponse(cmd, response, msg)
return self.DecodeInteger(response[3:3 + num_bytes])
class DCLoad(InstrumentInterface):
_reg_clsid_ = "{943E2FA3-4ECE-448A-93AF-9ECAEB49CA1B}"
_reg_desc_ = "B&K DC Load COM Server"
_reg_progid_ = "BKServers.DCLoad85xx" # External name
_public_attrs_ = ["debug"]
_public_methods_ = [
"DisableLocalControl",
"EnableLocalControl",
"GetBatteryTestVoltage",
"GetCCCurrent",
"GetCRResistance",
"GetCVVoltage",
"GetCWPower",
"GetFunction",
"GetInputValues",
"GetLoadOnTimer",
"GetLoadOnTimerState",
"GetMaxCurrent",
"GetMaxPower",
"GetMaxVoltage",
"GetMode",
"GetProductInformation",
"GetRemoteSense",
"GetTransient",
"GetTriggerSource",
"Initialize",
"RecallSettings",
"SaveSettings",
"SetBatteryTestVoltage",
"SetCCCurrent",
"SetCRResistance",
"SetCVVoltage",
"SetCWPower",
"SetCommunicationAddress",
"SetFunction",
"SetLoadOnTimer",
"SetLoadOnTimerState",
"SetLocalControl",
"SetMaxCurrent",
"SetMaxPower",
"SetMaxVoltage",
"SetMode",
"SetRemoteControl",
"SetRemoteSense",
"SetTransient",
"SetTriggerSource",
"TimeNow",
"TriggerLoad",
"TurnLoadOff",
"TurnLoadOn",
]
def Initialize(self, com_port, baudrate, address=0):
"Initialize the base class"
InstrumentInterface.Initialize(self, com_port, baudrate, address)
def TimeNow(self):
"Returns a string containing the current time"
return time.asctime()
def TurnLoadOn(self):
"Turns the load on"
msg = "Turn load on"
on = 1
return self.SendIntegerToLoad(0x21, on, msg, num_bytes=1)
def TurnLoadOff(self):
"Turns the load off"
msg = "Turn load off"
off = 0
return self.SendIntegerToLoad(0x21, off, msg, num_bytes=1)
def SetRemoteControl(self):
"Sets the load to remote control"
msg = "Set remote control"
remote = 1
return self.SendIntegerToLoad(0x20, remote, msg, num_bytes=1)
def SetLocalControl(self):
"Sets the load to local control"
msg = "Set local control"
local = 0
return self.SendIntegerToLoad(0x20, local, msg, num_bytes=1)
def SetMaxCurrent(self, current):
"Sets the maximum current the load will sink"
msg = "Set max current"
return self.SendIntegerToLoad(0x24, current*self.convert_current, msg, num_bytes=4)
def GetMaxCurrent(self):
"Returns the maximum current the load will sink"
msg = "Set max current"
return self.GetIntegerFromLoad(0x25, msg, num_bytes=4)/self.convert_current
def SetMaxVoltage(self, voltage):
"Sets the maximum voltage the load will allow"
msg = "Set max voltage"
return self.SendIntegerToLoad(0x22, voltage*self.convert_voltage, msg, num_bytes=4)
def GetMaxVoltage(self):
"Gets the maximum voltage the load will allow"
msg = "Get max voltage"
return self.GetIntegerFromLoad(0x23, msg, num_bytes=4)/self.convert_voltage
def SetMaxPower(self, power):
"Sets the maximum power the load will allow"
msg = "Set max power"
return self.SendIntegerToLoad(0x26, power*self.convert_power, msg, num_bytes=4)
def GetMaxPower(self):
"Gets the maximum power the load will allow"
msg = "Get max power"
return self.GetIntegerFromLoad(0x27, msg, num_bytes=4)/self.convert_power
def SetMode(self, mode):
"Sets the mode (constant current, constant voltage, etc."
if mode.lower() not in self.modes:
raise Exception("Unknown mode")
msg = "Set mode"
return self.SendIntegerToLoad(0x28, self.modes[mode.lower()], msg, num_bytes=1)
def GetMode(self):
"Gets the mode (constant current, constant voltage, etc."
msg = "Get mode"
mode = self.GetIntegerFromLoad(0x29, msg, num_bytes=1)
modes_inv = {0:"cc", 1:"cv", 2:"cw", 3:"cr"}
return modes_inv[mode]
def SetCCCurrent(self, current):
"Sets the constant current mode's current level"
msg = "Set CC current"
return self.SendIntegerToLoad(0x2A, current*self.convert_current, msg, num_bytes=4)
def GetCCCurrent(self):
"Gets the constant current mode's current level"
msg = "Get CC current"
return self.GetIntegerFromLoad(0x2B, msg, num_bytes=4)/self.convert_current
def SetCVVoltage(self, voltage):
"Sets the constant voltage mode's voltage level"
msg = "Set CV voltage"
return self.SendIntegerToLoad(0x2C, voltage*self.convert_voltage, msg, num_bytes=4)
def GetCVVoltage(self):
"Gets the constant voltage mode's voltage level"
msg = "Get CV voltage"
return self.GetIntegerFromLoad(0x2D, msg, num_bytes=4)/self.convert_voltage
def SetCWPower(self, power):
"Sets the constant power mode's power level"
msg = "Set CW power"
return self.SendIntegerToLoad(0x2E, power*self.convert_power, msg, num_bytes=4)
def GetCWPower(self):
"Gets the constant power mode's power level"
msg = "Get CW power"
return self.GetIntegerFromLoad(0x2F, msg, num_bytes=4)/self.convert_power
def SetCRResistance(self, resistance):
"Sets the constant resistance mode's resistance level"
msg = "Set CR resistance"
return self.SendIntegerToLoad(0x30, resistance*self.convert_resistance, msg, num_bytes=4)
def GetCRResistance(self):
"Gets the constant resistance mode's resistance level"
msg = "Get CR resistance"
return self.GetIntegerFromLoad(0x31, msg, num_bytes=4)/self.convert_resistance
def SetTransient(self, mode, A, A_time_s, B, B_time_s, operation="continuous"):
'''Sets up the transient operation mode. mode is one of
"CC", "CV", "CW", or "CR".
'''
if mode.lower() not in self.modes:
raise Exception("Unknown mode")
opcodes = {"cc":0x32, "cv":0x34, "cw":0x36, "cr":0x38}
if mode.lower() == "cc":
const = self.convert_current
elif mode.lower() == "cv":
const = self.convert_voltage
elif mode.lower() == "cw":
const = self.convert_power
else:
const = self.convert_resistance
cmd = self.StartCommand(opcodes[mode.lower()])
cmd += self.CodeInteger(A*const, num_bytes=4)
cmd += self.CodeInteger(A_time_s*self.to_ms, num_bytes=2)
cmd += self.CodeInteger(B*const, num_bytes=4)
cmd += self.CodeInteger(B_time_s*self.to_ms, num_bytes=2)
transient_operations = {"continuous":0, "pulse":1, "toggled":2}
cmd += self.CodeInteger(transient_operations[operation], num_bytes=1)
cmd += self.Reserved(16)
cmd += chr(self.CalculateChecksum(cmd))
assert(self.CommandProperlyFormed(cmd))
response = self.SendCommand(cmd)
self.PrintCommandAndResponse(cmd, response, "Set %s transient" % mode)
return self.ResponseStatus(response)
def GetTransient(self, mode):
"Gets the transient mode settings"
if mode.lower() not in self.modes:
raise Exception("Unknown mode")
opcodes = {"cc":0x33, "cv":0x35, "cw":0x37, "cr":0x39}
cmd = self.StartCommand(opcodes[mode.lower()])
cmd += self.Reserved(3)
cmd += chr(self.CalculateChecksum(cmd))
assert(self.CommandProperlyFormed(cmd))
response = self.SendCommand(cmd)
self.PrintCommandAndResponse(cmd, response, "Get %s transient" % mode)
A = self.DecodeInteger(response[3:7])
A_timer_ms = self.DecodeInteger(response[7:9])
B = self.DecodeInteger(response[9:13])
B_timer_ms = self.DecodeInteger(response[13:15])
operation = self.DecodeInteger(response[15])
time_const = 1e3
transient_operations_inv = {0:"continuous", 1:"pulse", 2:"toggled"}
if mode.lower() == "cc":
return str((A/self.convert_current, A_timer_ms/time_const,
B/self.convert_current, B_timer_ms/time_const,
transient_operations_inv[operation]))
elif mode.lower() == "cv":
return str((A/self.convert_voltage, A_timer_ms/time_const,
B/self.convert_voltage, B_timer_ms/time_const,
transient_operations_inv[operation]))
elif mode.lower() == "cw":
return str((A/self.convert_power, A_timer_ms/time_const,
B/self.convert_power, B_timer_ms/time_const,
transient_operations_inv[operation]))
else:
return str((A/self.convert_resistance, A_timer_ms/time_const,
B/self.convert_resistance, B_timer_ms/time_const,
transient_operations_inv[operation]))
def SetBatteryTestVoltage(self, min_voltage):
"Sets the battery test voltage"
msg = "Set battery test voltage"
return self.SendIntegerToLoad(0x4E, min_voltage*self.convert_voltage, msg, num_bytes=4)
def GetBatteryTestVoltage(self):
"Gets the battery test voltage"
msg = "Get battery test voltage"
return self.GetIntegerFromLoad(0x4F, msg, num_bytes=4)/self.convert_voltage
def SetLoadOnTimer(self, time_in_s):
"Sets the time in seconds that the load will be on"
msg = "Set load on timer"
return self.SendIntegerToLoad(0x50, time_in_s, msg, num_bytes=2)
def GetLoadOnTimer(self):
"Gets the time in seconds that the load will be on"
msg = "Get load on timer"
return self.GetIntegerFromLoad(0x51, msg, num_bytes=2)
def SetLoadOnTimerState(self, enabled=0):
"Enables or disables the load on timer state"
msg = "Set load on timer state"
return self.SendIntegerToLoad(0x50, enabled, msg, num_bytes=1)
def GetLoadOnTimerState(self):
"Gets the load on timer state"
msg = "Get load on timer"
state = self.GetIntegerFromLoad(0x53, msg, num_bytes=1)
if state == 0:
return "disabled"
else:
return "enabled"
def SetCommunicationAddress(self, address=0):
'''Sets the communication address. Note: this feature is
not currently supported. The communication address should always
be set to 0.
'''
msg = "Set communication address"
return self.SendIntegerToLoad(0x54, address, msg, num_bytes=1)
def EnableLocalControl(self):
"Enable local control (i.e., key presses work) of the load"
msg = "Enable local control"
enabled = 1
return self.SendIntegerToLoad(0x55, enabled, msg, num_bytes=1)
def DisableLocalControl(self):
"Disable local control of the load"
msg = "Disable local control"
disabled = 0
return self.SendIntegerToLoad(0x55, disabled, msg, num_bytes=1)
def SetRemoteSense(self, enabled=0):
"Enable or disable remote sensing"
msg = "Set remote sense"
return self.SendIntegerToLoad(0x56, enabled, msg, num_bytes=1)
def GetRemoteSense(self):
"Get the state of remote sensing"
msg = "Get remote sense"
return self.GetIntegerFromLoad(0x57, msg, num_bytes=1)
def SetTriggerSource(self, source="immediate"):
'''Set how the instrument will be triggered.
"immediate" means triggered from the front panel.
"external" means triggered by a TTL signal on the rear panel.
"bus" means a software trigger (see TriggerLoad()).
'''
trigger = {"immediate":0, "external":1, "bus":2}
if source not in trigger:
raise Exception("Trigger type %s not recognized" % source)
msg = "Set trigger type"
return self.SendIntegerToLoad(0x54, trigger[source], msg, num_bytes=1)
def GetTriggerSource(self):
"Get how the instrument will be triggered"
msg = "Get trigger source"
t = self.GetIntegerFromLoad(0x59, msg, num_bytes=1)
trigger_inv = {0:"immediate", 1:"external", 2:"bus"}
return trigger_inv[t]
def TriggerLoad(self):
'''Provide a software trigger. This is only of use when the trigger
mode is set to "bus".
'''
cmd = self.StartCommand(0x5A)
cmd += self.Reserved(3)
cmd += chr(self.CalculateChecksum(cmd))
assert(self.CommandProperlyFormed(cmd))
response = self.SendCommand(cmd)
self.PrintCommandAndResponse(cmd, response, "Trigger load (trigger = bus)")
return self.ResponseStatus(response)
def SaveSettings(self, register=0):
"Save instrument settings to a register"
assert(self.lowest_register <= register <= self.highest_register)
msg = "Save to register %d" % register
return self.SendIntegerToLoad(0x5B, register, msg, num_bytes=1)
def RecallSettings(self, register=0):
"Restore instrument settings from a register"
assert(self.lowest_register <= register <= self.highest_register)
cmd = self.GetCommand(0x5C, register, num_bytes=1)
response = self.SendCommand(cmd)
self.PrintCommandAndResponse(cmd, response, "Recall register %d" % register)
return self.ResponseStatus(response)
def SetFunction(self, function="fixed"):
'''Set the function (type of operation) of the load.
function is one of "fixed", "short", "transient", or "battery".
Note "list" is intentionally left out for now.
'''
msg = "Set function to %s" % function
functions = {"fixed":0, "short":1, "transient":2, "battery":4}
return self.SendIntegerToLoad(0x5D, functions[function], msg, num_bytes=1)
def GetFunction(self):
"Get the function (type of operation) of the load"
msg = "Get function"
fn = self.GetIntegerFromLoad(0x5E, msg, num_bytes=1)
functions_inv = {0:"fixed", 1:"short", 2:"transient", 4:"battery"}
return functions_inv[fn]
def GetInputValues(self):
'''Returns voltage in V, current in A, and power in W, op_state byte,
and demand_state byte.
'''
cmd = self.StartCommand(0x5F)
cmd += self.Reserved(3)
cmd += chr(self.CalculateChecksum(cmd))
assert(self.CommandProperlyFormed(cmd))
response = self.SendCommand(cmd)
self.PrintCommandAndResponse(cmd, response, "Get input values")
voltage = self.DecodeInteger(response[3:7])/self.convert_voltage
current = self.DecodeInteger(response[7:11])/self.convert_current
power = self.DecodeInteger(response[11:15])/self.convert_power
op_state = hex(self.DecodeInteger(response[15]))
demand_state = hex(self.DecodeInteger(response[16:18]))
s = [str(voltage) + " V", str(current) + " A", str(power) + " W", str(op_state), str(demand_state)]
return join(s, "\t")
# Returns model number, serial number, and firmware version number
def GetProductInformation(self):
"Returns model number, serial number, and firmware version"
cmd = self.StartCommand(0x6A)
cmd += self.Reserved(3)
cmd += chr(self.CalculateChecksum(cmd))
assert(self.CommandProperlyFormed(cmd))
response = self.SendCommand(cmd)
self.PrintCommandAndResponse(cmd, response, "Get product info")
model = response[3:8]
fw = hex(ord(response[9]))[2:] + "."
fw += hex(ord(response[8]))[2:]
serial_number = response[10:20]
return join((str(model), str(serial_number), str(fw)), "\t")
def Register(pyclass=DCLoad):
from win32com.server.register import UseCommandLine
UseCommandLine(pyclass)
def Unregister(classid=DCLoad._reg_clsid_):
from win32com.server.register import UnregisterServer
UnregisterServer(classid)
# Run this script to register the COM server. Use the command line
# argument --unregister to unregister the server.
if __name__ == '__main__':
Register()