diff --git a/KingsAndQueensHat/KingsAndQueensHat.csproj b/KingsAndQueensHat/KingsAndQueensHat.csproj
index 1d87ee7..d4b7928 100644
--- a/KingsAndQueensHat/KingsAndQueensHat.csproj
+++ b/KingsAndQueensHat/KingsAndQueensHat.csproj
@@ -60,6 +60,7 @@
     <Compile Include="Model\PlayerEventArgs.cs" />
     <Compile Include="Model\TournamentSettings.cs" />
     <Compile Include="Persistence\StorageLocator.cs" />
+    <Compile Include="TeamGeneration\UnevenGenderSkillPenalty.cs" />
     <Compile Include="ViewModel\GenderRanking.cs" />
     <Compile Include="Persistence\InvalidRoundException.cs" />
     <Compile Include="Properties\Annotations.cs" />
diff --git a/KingsAndQueensHat/Model/Team.cs b/KingsAndQueensHat/Model/Team.cs
index 53d6af8..09da48f 100644
--- a/KingsAndQueensHat/Model/Team.cs
+++ b/KingsAndQueensHat/Model/Team.cs
@@ -85,6 +85,15 @@ public int TotalSkill
             get { return Players.Sum(p => p.SkillValue); }
         }
 
+        [XmlIgnore]
+        public Dictionary<Gender, int> GenderSkills
+        {
+            get 
+            { 
+                return Players.GroupBy(p => p.Gender).Select(g => new {g.Key, Skill = g.Sum(p => p.SkillValue)}).ToDictionary(x => x.Key, x => x.Skill); 
+            }
+        }
+
         [XmlIgnore]
         public int PlayerCount
         {
diff --git a/KingsAndQueensHat/Model/Tournament.cs b/KingsAndQueensHat/Model/Tournament.cs
index 1b2d80c..ccd0790 100644
--- a/KingsAndQueensHat/Model/Tournament.cs
+++ b/KingsAndQueensHat/Model/Tournament.cs
@@ -154,7 +154,8 @@ public async Task CreateNewRound(int teamCount, CancellationToken cancel)
             var penalty1 = new UnevenSkillPenalty();
             var penalty3 = new TooManyWinnersPenalty(PlayerProvider);
             var penalty4 = new RangeOfSkillsPenalty();
-            var penalties = new IPenalty[] { penalty1, _playerPairings, penalty3, penalty4 };
+            var penalty5 = new UnevenGenderSkillPenalty();
+            var penalties = new IPenalty[] { penalty1, _playerPairings, penalty3, penalty4, penalty5 };
 
             var teams = await teamCreator.CreateApproximatelyOptimalTeams(penalties, PlayerProvider, numTeamGens, teamCount, cancel);
 
diff --git a/KingsAndQueensHat/TeamGeneration/UnevenGenderSkillPenalty.cs b/KingsAndQueensHat/TeamGeneration/UnevenGenderSkillPenalty.cs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..978bdfb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/KingsAndQueensHat/TeamGeneration/UnevenGenderSkillPenalty.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+using System;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+using System.Linq;
+using System.Text;
+using System.Threading.Tasks;
+using KingsAndQueensHat.Model;
+
+namespace KingsAndQueensHat.TeamGeneration
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Penalise team allocations that leave some teams with a particular dominant gender
+    /// , while others do not
+    /// </summary>
+    public class UnevenGenderSkillPenalty : IPenalty
+    {
+        public double ScorePenalty(List<Team> teams)
+        {
+            var scores = teams.Select(team => team.GenderSkills).ToList();
+            int result = 0;
+            foreach (var gender in new[] { Gender.Male, Gender.Female })
+            {
+                var total = scores.Sum(s => s[gender]);
+                var teamCount = teams.Count;
+                var expectedTeamGenderSkill = total / teamCount;
+
+                // Sum the deviations from the expected team skill
+                result += scores.Sum(s => Math.Abs(s[gender] - expectedTeamGenderSkill));
+            }
+            return result;
+        }
+
+        public double Weighting { get { return 1.0; } }
+    }
+}