-
Notifications
You must be signed in to change notification settings - Fork 0
/
create-image.html
746 lines (422 loc) · 34.3 KB
/
create-image.html
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
202
203
204
205
206
207
208
209
210
211
212
213
214
215
216
217
218
219
220
221
222
223
224
225
226
227
228
229
230
231
232
233
234
235
236
237
238
239
240
241
242
243
244
245
246
247
248
249
250
251
252
253
254
255
256
257
258
259
260
261
262
263
264
265
266
267
268
269
270
271
272
273
274
275
276
277
278
279
280
281
282
283
284
285
286
287
288
289
290
291
292
293
294
295
296
297
298
299
300
301
302
303
304
305
306
307
308
309
310
311
312
313
314
315
316
317
318
319
320
321
322
323
324
325
326
327
328
329
330
331
332
333
334
335
336
337
338
339
340
341
342
343
344
345
346
347
348
349
350
351
352
353
354
355
356
357
358
359
360
361
362
363
364
365
366
367
368
369
370
371
372
373
374
375
376
377
378
379
380
381
382
383
384
385
386
387
388
389
390
391
392
393
394
395
396
397
398
399
400
401
402
403
404
405
406
407
408
409
410
411
412
413
414
415
416
417
418
419
420
421
422
423
424
425
426
427
428
429
430
431
432
433
434
435
436
437
438
439
440
441
442
443
444
445
446
447
448
449
450
451
452
453
454
455
456
457
458
459
460
461
462
463
464
465
466
467
468
469
470
471
472
473
474
475
476
477
478
479
480
481
482
483
484
485
486
487
488
489
490
491
492
493
494
495
496
497
498
499
500
501
502
503
504
505
506
507
508
509
510
511
512
513
514
515
516
517
518
519
520
521
522
523
524
525
526
527
528
529
530
531
532
533
534
535
536
537
538
539
540
541
542
543
544
545
546
547
548
549
550
551
552
553
554
555
556
557
558
559
560
561
562
563
564
565
566
567
568
569
570
571
572
573
574
575
576
577
578
579
580
581
582
583
584
585
586
587
588
589
590
591
592
593
594
595
596
597
598
599
600
601
602
603
604
605
606
607
608
609
610
611
612
613
614
615
616
617
618
619
620
621
622
623
624
625
626
627
628
629
630
631
632
633
634
635
636
637
638
639
640
641
642
643
644
645
646
647
648
649
650
651
652
653
654
655
656
657
658
659
660
661
662
663
664
665
666
667
668
669
670
671
672
673
674
675
676
677
678
679
680
681
682
683
684
685
686
687
688
689
690
691
692
693
694
695
696
697
698
699
700
701
702
703
704
705
706
707
708
709
710
711
712
713
714
715
716
717
718
719
720
721
722
723
724
725
726
727
728
729
730
731
732
733
734
735
736
737
738
739
740
741
742
743
744
745
746
<!DOCTYPE html>
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
<meta name="description" content=" Create an Image A Singularity image, which can be referred to as a “container,” is a single file that contains a virtual file system. After creating an image you can install an operating system, applications, and save meta-data with it.Whereas Docker assembles images from layers that are stored on your computer (viewed with the docker -ps command), a Singularity image is just one file that can sit on your Desktop, in a folder on your cluster, or anywhere.Having Singularity containers housed within a single image file greatly simplifies management tasks such as sharing, copying, and branching your containers. It also means that standard Linux file system concepts like permissions, ownership, and ACLs apply to the container (e.g. I can give read only access to a colleague, or block access completely with a simple chmod command).Creating a new blank Singularity container imageSingularity will create a default container image of 768MiB using the following command:$ singularity create container.imgInitializing Singularity image subsystemOpening image file: container.imgCreating 768MiB imageBinding image to loopCreating file system within imageImage is done: container.imgHow big is it?$ du -sh container.img 29M container.imgWe can now use ls to list details about the image.$ ls -l container.img -rwxr-xr-x 1 user group 805306400 Apr 15 11:11 container.imgNote the permissions of the image make it executable. Singularity images can be executed directly.Creating an image of a different sizeYou can change the maximum size of an image you create using the --size option. Note that --size is not a global option. It is an option to the create sub-command and must therefore follow it:$ singularity create --size 2048 container2.imgInitializing Singularity image subsystemOpening image file: container2.imgCreating 2048MiB imageBinding image to loopCreating file system within imageImage is done: container2.img$ ls -lh container*.img -rwxr-xr-x 1 user group 2.1G Apr 15 11:34 container2.img-rwxr-xr-x 1 user group 769M Apr 15 11:11 container.imgOverwriting an image with a new oneIf you have already created an image and wish to overwrite it, you can do so with the --force option. This option must also follow the create sub-command.$ singularity create --size 512 --force container2.imgInitializing Singularity image subsystemOpening image file: container2.imgCreating 512MiB imageBinding image to loopCreating file system within imageImage is done: container2.img$ ls -lh container*.img -rwxr-xr-x 1 user group 513M Apr 15 11:39 container2.img-rwxr-xr-x 1 user group 769M Apr 15 11:11 container.imgShow Video Tutorial Increasing the size of an existing imageYou can increase the size of an image after it has been instantiated by using the expand Singularity sub-command as follows:$ ls -lh container.img -rwxr-xr-x 1 user group 769M Apr 15 11:11 container.img$ singularity expand container.img Initializing Singularity image subsystemOpening image file: container.imgExpanding image by 768MiBBinding image to loopChecking file systeme2fsck 1.42.13 (17-May-2015)Pass 1: Checking inodes, blocks, and sizesPass 2: Checking directory structurePass 3: Checking directory connectivityPass 4: Checking reference countsPass 5: Checking group summary information/dev/loop0: 11/49152 files (0.0% non-contiguous), 7387/196608 blocksResizing file systemresize2fs 1.42.13 (17-May-2015)Resizing the filesystem on /dev/loop0 to 393216 (4k) blocks.The filesystem on /dev/loop0 is now 393216 (4k) blocks long.Image is done: container.img$ ls -lh container.img -rwxr-xr-x 1 user group 1.6G Apr 15 12:21 container.imgSimilar to the create sub-command, you can override the default size increase (which is 768MiB) by using the --size option.Show Video Tutorial Mounting an imageOnce an image has been created and an OS has been added with the import or bootstrap commands, you can use the shell command to start an interactive shell within the container. But this is not possible when an image does not yet contain a functional OS or shell. For debugging, development, or simply inspecting an image that lacks a functional shell you can use the mount command like so:$ mkdir /tmp/container$ singularity mount container.img /tmp/container/container.img is mounted at: /tmp/container/Spawning a new shell in this namespace, to unmount, exit shellSingularity: \w> dfFilesystem 1K-blocks Used Available Use% Mounted on/dev/loop0 1531760 1172 1451948 1% /tmp/containerSingularity: \w> cd /tmp/containerSingularity: \w> ls -a. .. lost+foundShow Video Tutorial At this point the image just contains a bare file system because we haven’t used something like the bootstrap or import commands to install an OS.Singularity mounts images in private name-spaces so that the mount is only visible and accessible from within the freshly spawned shell. When you are finished, you can simply exit the shell and the file system will be automatically unmounted.Files can be copied from the image to the host when it is mounted in this way, but they cannot be copied from the host into the image. This is because the image is mounted in read-only mode by default and the mount point is owned by the root user. To copy files into a mounted image, first become root and then mount the image with the --writable option to the mount sub-command.$ sudo -i# singularity mount --writable /home/user/container.img /tmp/containerShow Video Tutorial Copying, sharing, branching, and distributing your imageA primary goal of Singularity is mobility. The single file image format makes mobility easy.Because Singularity images are single files, they are easily copied and managed. You can copy the image to create a branch, share the image and distribute the image as easily as copying any other file you control!If you want an automated solution for building and hosting your image, you can use our container registry Singularity Hub. Singulairty Hub can automatically build bootstrap specification files from a Github repository each time that you push. It provides a simple cloud solution for storing and sharing your image. Previous Next Edit me Site last generated: Jul 26, 2017 ">
<meta name="name" content="Create an Image">
<meta name="thumbnail" content="http://singularity.lbl.gov/images/logo/logo.svg">
<title>Create an Image | Singularity</title>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="assets/css/syntax.css">
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="https://maxcdn.bootstrapcdn.com/font-awesome/4.5.0/css/font-awesome.min.css">
<link href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Open+Sans" rel="stylesheet">
<!--<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="css/bootstrap.min.css">-->
<link rel="stylesheet" href="assets/css/modern-business.css">
<link rel="stylesheet" href="assets/css/lavish-bootstrap.css">
<link rel="stylesheet" href="assets/css/customstyles.css">
<link rel="stylesheet" href="assets/css/theme-blue.css">
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="assets/css/asciinema-player.css" />
<script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/jquery/2.1.4/jquery.min.js"></script>
<script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/jquery-cookie/1.4.1/jquery.cookie.min.js"></script>
<script src="assets/js/jquery.navgoco.min.js"></script>
<script src="https://maxcdn.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/3.3.4/js/bootstrap.min.js"></script>
<script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/anchor-js/2.0.0/anchor.min.js"></script>
<script src="assets/js/toc.js"></script>
<script src="assets/js/customscripts.js"></script>
<link rel="shortcut icon" href="images/favicon/favicon.ico">
<!-- HTML5 Shim and Respond.js IE8 support of HTML5 elements and media queries -->
<!-- WARNING: Respond.js doesn't work if you view the page via file:// -->
<!--[if lt IE 9]>
<script src="https://oss.maxcdn.com/libs/html5shiv/3.7.0/html5shiv.js"></script>
<script src="https://oss.maxcdn.com/libs/respond.js/1.4.2/respond.min.js"></script>
<![endif]-->
<link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="" href="http://localhost:4005feed.xml">
<script>
$(document).ready(function() {
// Initialize navgoco with default options
$("#mysidebar").navgoco({
caretHtml: '',
accordion: true,
openClass: 'active', // open
save: false, // leave false or nav highlighting doesn't work right
cookie: {
name: 'navgoco',
expires: false,
path: '/'
},
slide: {
duration: 400,
easing: 'swing'
}
});
$("#collapseAll").click(function(e) {
e.preventDefault();
$("#mysidebar").navgoco('toggle', false);
});
$("#expandAll").click(function(e) {
e.preventDefault();
$("#mysidebar").navgoco('toggle', true);
});
});
</script>
<script>
$(function () {
$('[data-toggle="tooltip"]').tooltip()
})
</script>
</head>
<body>
<!-- asciinema player -->
<script src="assets/js/asciinema-player.js"></script>
<!-- Show or hide players on button clicks-->
<script>
$( document ).ready(function() {
$(".asciinema-button").click(function(){
var asciinemaVideo = "#asciinema-" + $(this).attr('id');
if ($(asciinemaVideo).hasClass('hidden')){
$(asciinemaVideo).removeClass('hidden');
$(this).text('Hide Tutorial')
} else {
$(asciinemaVideo).addClass('hidden');
$(this).text('Show Tutorial')
}
});
});
</script>
<!-- Navigation -->
<nav class="navbar navbar-inverse navbar-fixed-top">
<div class="container topnavlinks">
<div class="navbar-header">
<button type="button" class="navbar-toggle" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#bs-example-navbar-collapse-1">
<span class="sr-only">Toggle navigation</span>
<span class="icon-bar"></span>
<span class="icon-bar"></span>
<span class="icon-bar"></span>
</button>
<a class="navbar-brand" href="index.html"> <span class="projectTitle"> Singularity</span></a>
</div>
<div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id="bs-example-navbar-collapse-1">
<ul class="nav navbar-nav navbar-right">
<!-- entries without drop-downs appear here -->
<li><a href="blog">News</a></li>
<!-- entries with drop-downs appear here -->
<!-- conditional logic to control which topnav appears for the audience defined in the configuration file.-->
<li class="dropdown">
<a href="#" class="dropdown-toggle" data-toggle="dropdown">Docs<b class="caret"></b></a>
<ul class="dropdown-menu">
<li><a href="admin-guide">Admin Guide</a></li>
<li><a href="user-guide">User Guide</a></li>
<li><a href="links">Contributed Content</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="dropdown">
<a href="#" class="dropdown-toggle" data-toggle="dropdown">Quick Links<b class="caret"></b></a>
<ul class="dropdown-menu">
<li><a href="https://github.com/singularityware/singularity" target="_blank">Github Repo</a></li>
<li><a href="https://groups.google.com/a/lbl.gov/forum/#!forum/singularity" target="_blank">Google Group</a></li>
<li><a href="http://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/singularity" target="_blank">Singularity on Stack Overflow</a></li>
<li><a href="https://singularity-hub.org/faq" target="_blank">Singularity Hub</a></li>
<li><a href="https://singularity-container.slack.com" target="_blank">Slack</a></li>
<li><a href="faq#troubleshooting">Troubleshooting</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="dropdown">
<a href="#" class="dropdown-toggle" data-toggle="dropdown">People<b class="caret"></b></a>
<ul class="dropdown-menu">
<li><a href="https://github.com/gmkurtzer" target="_blank">Gregory M. Kurtzer</a></li>
<li><a href="https://github.com/vsoch" target="_blank">Vanessa Sochat</a></li>
<li><a href="https://github.com/bauerm97" target="_blank">Michael Bauer</a></li>
<li><a href="https://github.com/bbockelm" target="_blank">Brian Bockelman</a></li>
<li><a href="https://github.com/singularityware/singularity/blob/master/AUTHORS" target="_blank">Complete Authors List</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="/search"><i class="fa fa-search"></i></li>
<!-- jekyll search hidden in favor of google
<li>
<div id="search-demo-container">
<input type="text" id="search-input" placeholder="search...">
<ul id="results-container"></ul>
</div>
<script src="assets/js/jekyll-search.js" type="text/javascript"></script>
<script type="text/javascript">
SimpleJekyllSearch.init({
searchInput: document.getElementById('search-input'),
resultsContainer: document.getElementById('results-container'),
dataSource: 'search.json',
searchResultTemplate: '<li><a href="{url}" title="Create an Image">{title}</a></li>',
noResultsText: 'No results found.',
limit: 10,
fuzzy: true,
})
</script>
end search-->
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
<!-- /.container -->
</nav>
<!-- Page Content -->
<div class="container">
<div class="col-lg-12"> </div>
<!-- Content Row -->
<div class="row">
<!-- Sidebar Column -->
<div class="col-md-3">
<div class="shiny"><a href="\"><figure><img src="/images/logo/logo.svg" class="sidebar-logo"/></figure></a></div>
<ul id="mysidebar" class="nav">
<li class="sidebarTitle">User Guide</li>
<li>
<a href="#">Getting Started</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="user-guide">Introduction</a></li>
<li><a href="docs-quick-start-installation">Quick Start Installation</a></li>
<li class="active"><a href="create-image">Create an Image</a></li>
<li><a href="bootstrap-image">Bootstrap an Image</a></li>
<li><a href="docs-content">Adding Content</a></li>
<li><a href="docs-mount">Bind Paths and Files</a></li>
<li><a href="docs-environment-metadata">Environment and Metadata</a></li>
<li><a href="docs-changing-containers">Change an Existing Container</a></li>
<li><a href="docs-docker">Singularity and Docker</a></li>
<li><a href="faq#troubleshooting">Troubleshooting</a></li>
</ul>
<li>
<a href="#">Commands</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="docs-usage">Command Usage</a></li>
<li><a href="docs-bootstrap">bootstrap</a></li>
<li><a href="docs-exec">exec</a></li>
<li><a href="docs-export">export</a></li>
<li><a href="docs-import">import</a></li>
<li><a href="docs-inspect">inspect</a></li>
<li><a href="docs-pull">pull</a></li>
<li><a href="docs-run">run</a></li>
<li><a href="docs-shell">shell</a></li>
</ul>
<!-- if you aren't using the accordion, uncomment this block:
<p class="external">
<a href="#" id="collapseAll">Collapse All</a> | <a href="#" id="expandAll">Expand All</a>
</p>
-->
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<!-- this highlights the active parent class in the navgoco sidebar. this is critical so that the parent expands when you're viewing a page. This must appear below the sidebar code above. Otherwise, if placed inside customscripts.js, the script runs before the sidebar code runs and the class never gets inserted.-->
<script>$("li.active").parents('li').toggleClass("active");</script>
<!-- Content Column -->
<div class="col-md-9">
<div class="post-header">
<h1 class="post-title-main">Create an Image</h1>
</div>
<div class="post-content">
<!-- Previous and next buttons-->
<div class="row" style="padding-top:30px; margin-bottom:10px"><div class="col-md-12">
<a href="#"><button style="float:left" class="hidden previous-button btn btn-circle btn-default"><i class="fa-2x fa fa-angle-double-left"></i></button></a>
<a href="#"><button style="float:right" class="hidden next-button btn btn-circle btn-default"><i class="fa fa-angle-double-right fa-2x"></i></button></a>
</div></div>
<script>
$(document).ready(function(){
var next = $("li.active").next().last().find('a').attr('href');
var previous = $("li.active").prev().last().find('a').attr('href');
// NEXT BUTTON
if (typeof next == 'undefined'){
console.log("disabling next button")
$(".next-button").addClass("hidden")
} else if (next == "#") {
next = $("li.active").next().find("li").first().find('a').attr('href');
$(".next-button").closest('a').attr('href', next)
$(".next-button").removeClass('hidden')
} else {
$(".next-button").closest('a').attr('href', next)
$(".next-button").removeClass('hidden')
}
// PREVIOUS BUTTON
if (typeof previous == 'undefined'){
console.log("disabling previous button")
$(".previous-button").addClass("hidden")
} else if (previous == "#") {
previous = $("li.active").prev().find("li").last().find('a').attr('href')
$(".previous-button").closest('a').attr('href', previous)
$(".previous-button").removeClass('hidden')
} else {
$(".previous-button").closest('a').attr('href', previous)
$(".previous-button").removeClass('hidden')
}
})
</script>
<!-- this handles the automatic toc. use ## for subheads to auto-generate the on-page minitoc. if you use html tags, you must supply an ID for the heading element in order for it to appear in the minitoc. -->
<script>
$( document ).ready(function() {
// Handler for .ready() called.
$('#toc').toc({ minimumHeaders: 0, listType: 'ul', showSpeed: 0, headers: 'h2,h3,h4' });
/* this offset helps account for the space taken up by the floating toolbar. */
$('#toc').on('click', 'a', function() {
var target = $(this.getAttribute('href'))
, scroll_target = target.offset().top
$(window).scrollTop(scroll_target - 10);
return false
})
});
</script>
<div id="toc"></div>
<p>A Singularity image, which can be referred to as a “container,” is a single file that contains a virtual file system. After creating an image you can install an operating system, applications, and save meta-data with it.</p>
<p>Whereas Docker assembles images from layers that are stored on your computer (viewed with the docker -ps command), a Singularity image is just one file that can sit on your Desktop, in a folder on your cluster, or anywhere.</p>
<p>Having Singularity containers housed within a single image file greatly simplifies management tasks such as sharing, copying, and branching your containers. It also means that standard Linux file system concepts like permissions, ownership, and ACLs apply to the container (e.g. I can give read only access to a colleague, or block access completely with a simple chmod command).</p>
<h2 id="creating-a-new-blank-singularity-container-image">Creating a new blank Singularity container image</h2>
<p>Singularity will create a default container image of 768MiB using the following command:</p>
<div class="highlighter-rouge"><pre class="highlight"><code>$ singularity create container.img
Initializing Singularity image subsystem
Opening image file: container.img
Creating 768MiB image
Binding image to loop
Creating file system within image
Image is done: container.img
</code></pre>
</div>
<p>How big is it?</p>
<div class="highlighter-rouge"><pre class="highlight"><code>$ du -sh container.img
29M container.img
</code></pre>
</div>
<p>We can now use <code class="highlighter-rouge">ls</code> to list details about the image.</p>
<div class="highlighter-rouge"><pre class="highlight"><code>$ ls -l container.img
-rwxr-xr-x 1 user group 805306400 Apr 15 11:11 container.img
</code></pre>
</div>
<p>Note the permissions of the image make it executable. Singularity images <a href="/docs-run">can be executed directly</a>.</p>
<h3 id="creating-an-image-of-a-different-size">Creating an image of a different size</h3>
<p>You can change the maximum size of an image you create using the <code class="highlighter-rouge">--size</code> option. Note that <code class="highlighter-rouge">--size</code> is not a global option. It is an option to the <code class="highlighter-rouge">create</code> sub-command and must therefore follow it:</p>
<div class="highlighter-rouge"><pre class="highlight"><code>$ singularity create --size 2048 container2.img
Initializing Singularity image subsystem
Opening image file: container2.img
Creating 2048MiB image
Binding image to loop
Creating file system within image
Image is done: container2.img
$ ls -lh container*.img
-rwxr-xr-x 1 user group 2.1G Apr 15 11:34 container2.img
-rwxr-xr-x 1 user group 769M Apr 15 11:11 container.img
</code></pre>
</div>
<h3 id="overwriting-an-image-with-a-new-one">Overwriting an image with a new one</h3>
<p>If you have already created an image and wish to overwrite it, you can do so with the <code class="highlighter-rouge">--force</code> option. This option must also follow the <code class="highlighter-rouge">create</code> sub-command.</p>
<div class="highlighter-rouge"><pre class="highlight"><code>$ singularity create --size 512 --force container2.img
Initializing Singularity image subsystem
Opening image file: container2.img
Creating 512MiB image
Binding image to loop
Creating file system within image
Image is done: container2.img
$ ls -lh container*.img
-rwxr-xr-x 1 user group 513M Apr 15 11:39 container2.img
-rwxr-xr-x 1 user group 769M Apr 15 11:11 container.img
</code></pre>
</div>
<p><button style="color:white;margin-top:5px" class="btn btn-primary btn-lg asciinema-button" id="How-to-create-images">Show Video Tutorial</button></p>
<div class="hidden" id="asciinema-How-to-create-images">
<asciinema-player src="assets/asciicast/docs-create-create.js" poster="data:text/plain,How to create images" title="How to create images" author="[email protected]" cols="115" rows="25" speed="2.0" theme="asciinema">
</asciinema-player>
</div>
<h2 id="increasing-the-size-of-an-existing-image">Increasing the size of an existing image</h2>
<p>You can increase the size of an image after it has been instantiated by using the <code class="highlighter-rouge">expand</code> Singularity sub-command as follows:</p>
<div class="highlighter-rouge"><pre class="highlight"><code>$ ls -lh container.img
-rwxr-xr-x 1 user group 769M Apr 15 11:11 container.img
$ singularity expand container.img
Initializing Singularity image subsystem
Opening image file: container.img
Expanding image by 768MiB
Binding image to loop
Checking file system
e2fsck 1.42.13 (17-May-2015)
Pass 1: Checking inodes, blocks, and sizes
Pass 2: Checking directory structure
Pass 3: Checking directory connectivity
Pass 4: Checking reference counts
Pass 5: Checking group summary information
/dev/loop0: 11/49152 files (0.0% non-contiguous), 7387/196608 blocks
Resizing file system
resize2fs 1.42.13 (17-May-2015)
Resizing the filesystem on /dev/loop0 to 393216 (4k) blocks.
The filesystem on /dev/loop0 is now 393216 (4k) blocks long.
Image is done: container.img
$ ls -lh container.img
-rwxr-xr-x 1 user group 1.6G Apr 15 12:21 container.img
</code></pre>
</div>
<p>Similar to the create sub-command, you can override the default size increase (which is 768MiB) by using the <code class="highlighter-rouge">--size</code> option.</p>
<p><button style="color:white;margin-top:5px" class="btn btn-primary btn-lg asciinema-button" id="How-to-expand-images">Show Video Tutorial</button></p>
<div class="hidden" id="asciinema-How-to-expand-images">
<asciinema-player src="assets/asciicast/docs-create-expand.js" poster="data:text/plain,How to expand images" title="How to expand images" author="[email protected]" cols="115" rows="25" speed="2.0" theme="asciinema">
</asciinema-player>
</div>
<h2 id="mounting-an-image">Mounting an image</h2>
<p>Once an image has been created and an OS has been added with the <a href="/docs-import"><code class="highlighter-rouge">import</code></a> or <a href="/docs-bootstrap"><code class="highlighter-rouge">bootstrap</code></a> commands, you can use the <a href="/docs-shell"><code class="highlighter-rouge">shell</code></a> command to start an interactive shell within the container. But this is not possible when an image does not yet contain a functional OS or shell. For debugging, development, or simply inspecting an image that lacks a functional shell you can use the <code class="highlighter-rouge">mount</code> command like so:</p>
<div class="highlighter-rouge"><pre class="highlight"><code>$ mkdir /tmp/container
$ singularity mount container.img /tmp/container/
container.img is mounted at: /tmp/container/
Spawning a new shell in this namespace, to unmount, exit shell
Singularity: \w> df
Filesystem 1K-blocks Used Available Use% Mounted on
/dev/loop0 1531760 1172 1451948 1% /tmp/container
Singularity: \w> cd /tmp/container
Singularity: \w> ls -a
. .. lost+found
</code></pre>
</div>
<p><button style="color:white;margin-top:5px" class="btn btn-primary btn-lg asciinema-button" id="How-to-mount-an-image">Show Video Tutorial</button></p>
<div class="hidden" id="asciinema-How-to-mount-an-image">
<asciinema-player src="assets/asciicast/docs-create-mount.js" poster="data:text/plain,How to mount an image" title="How to mount an image" author="[email protected]" cols="115" rows="25" speed="2.0" theme="asciinema">
</asciinema-player>
</div>
<p>At this point the image just contains a bare file system because we haven’t used something like the <a href="docs-bootstrap"><code class="highlighter-rouge">bootstrap</code></a> or <a href="docs-import"><code class="highlighter-rouge">import</code></a> commands to install an OS.</p>
<p>Singularity mounts images in private name-spaces so that the mount is only visible and accessible from within the freshly spawned shell. When you are finished, you can simply exit the shell and the file system will be automatically unmounted.</p>
<p>Files can be copied from the image to the host when it is mounted in this way, but they cannot be copied from the host into the image. This is because the image is mounted in read-only mode by default and the mount point is owned by the root user. To copy files into a mounted image, first become root and then mount the image with the <code class="highlighter-rouge">--writable</code> option to the <code class="highlighter-rouge">mount</code> sub-command.</p>
<div class="highlighter-rouge"><pre class="highlight"><code>$ sudo -i
# singularity mount --writable /home/user/container.img /tmp/container
</code></pre>
</div>
<p><button style="color:white;margin-top:5px" class="btn btn-primary btn-lg asciinema-button" id="How-to-mount-an-image-and-copy-files-to-it">Show Video Tutorial</button></p>
<div class="hidden" id="asciinema-How-to-mount-an-image-and-copy-files-to-it">
<asciinema-player src="assets/asciicast/docs-create-rootmount.js" poster="data:text/plain,How to mount an image and copy files to it" title="How to mount an image and copy files to it" author="[email protected]" cols="115" rows="25" speed="2.0" theme="asciinema">
</asciinema-player>
</div>
<h2 id="copying-sharing-branching-and-distributing-your-image">Copying, sharing, branching, and distributing your image</h2>
<p>A primary goal of Singularity is mobility. The single file image format makes mobility easy.</p>
<p>Because Singularity images are single files, they are easily copied and managed. You can copy the image to create a branch, share the image and distribute the image as easily as copying any other file you control!</p>
<p>If you want an automated solution for building and hosting your image, you can use our container registry <a href="https://singularity-hub.org" target="_blank">Singularity Hub</a>. Singulairty Hub can automatically build <a href="/bootstrap-image#the-bootstrap-definition-file">bootstrap specification files</a> from a Github repository each time that you push. It provides a simple cloud solution for storing and sharing your image.</p>
<!-- More navigation on the bottom -->
<div class="row" style="padding-top:30px; margin-bottom:10px"><div class="col-md-12">
<a href="#"><button style="width:20%; height: 70px; float:left" class="hidden previous-button btn btn-lg btn-default">Previous</button></a>
<a href="#"><button style="width:20%; height: 70px; float:right" class="hidden next-button btn btn-lg btn-default">Next</button></a>
</div></div>
<a style="margin-top:10px;margin-bottom:10px" target="_blank" href="https://github.com/singularityware/singularityware.github.io/blob/master/pages/_pages/docs/create-image.md" class="btn btn-default btn-xs githubEditButton" role="button"><i class="fa fa-github fa-lg"></i> Edit me</a>
<div class="tags">
</div>
</div>
<hr class="shaded"/>
<footer>
<div class="row">
<!-- Social Media links, etc -->
<div class="col-lg-6 footer">
<a class="no-after social-icon" href="https://twitter.com/SingularityApp">
<i class="fa fa-4x fa-twitter no-after"></i>
</a>
<a class="no-after social-icon" href="https://github.com/singularityware">
<i class="fa fa-4x fa-github no-after"></i>
</a>
</div>
<div class="col-lg-6 footer">
<p><img src="images/logo/logo.png" alt="Company logo" style="width:40px;padding-bottom:10px"/></p>
Site last generated: Jul 26, 2017 <br />
</div>
</div>
</footer>
</div>
<!-- /.row -->
</div>
<!-- /.container -->
</div>
</body>
<!-- the google_analytics_id gets auto inserted from the config file -->
<script>(function(i,s,o,g,r,a,m){i['GoogleAnalyticsObject']=r;i[r]=i[r]||function(){(i[r].q=i[r].q||[]).push(arguments)},i[r].l=1*new Date();a=s.createElement(o),m=s.getElementsByTagName(o)[0];a.async=1;a.src=g;m.parentNode.insertBefore(a,m)})(window,document,'script','//www.google-analytics.com/analytics.js','ga');ga('create','UA-84672381-1','auto');ga('require','displayfeatures');ga('send','pageview');</script>
</html>