Some application come in the form of AppImages. There is the AppImageLauncher application, but it has not been updated since 2020.
In order to manage them myself I created a special folder Applications in my home directory where I copy the AppImage to.
The AppImage has to be executable to start it.
Now you can create a Desktop Entry in ~/.local/share/applications/nextcloud.desktop:
[Desktop Entry]
Version=1.0
Name=Nextcloud
Exec=/home/stan/Applications/Nextcloud-3.13.0-x86_64.AppImage
Terminal=false
Type=Application
Icon=/home/stan/.local/share/applications/nextcloud-icon.png
The icon I found through DuckDuckGo image search.
On my Thinkpad t480s running Ubuntu Mate 22.04.03, DNS lookup seemed to be very slow. Everytime I opened a webpage to a domain that I did not visit before or recently, I could not find it, only after a few reloads.
I edited my /etc/systemd/resolved.conf file to include this:
DNS=1.1.1.1 1.0.0.1
FallbackDNS=8.8.8.8 8.8.4.4
And restarted systemd-resolved: sudo systemctl restart resolved.
When running an SSH server like openssh-server on your machine, make sure to secure it.
On this page are some usefull tips:
https://www.howtogeek.com/443156/the-best-ways-to-secure-your-ssh-server/
Settings are here: /etc/ssh/sshd_config
Change port:
Port 123
PermitRootLogin prohibit-password
MaxAuthTries 3
PasswordAuthentication no
PermitEmptyPasswords no
X11Forwarding no
Setup Rclone to connect with Google Drive using Rclone documentation: https://rclone.org/
Add rclone sync as daily process using cron.daily. Add sync-gdrive to /etc/cron.daily folder:
$ cd /etc/cron.daily
$ ls -al | grep sync-gdrive
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 75 apr 11 19:43 sync-gdrive
$ cat sync-gdrive
#!/bin/bash
rclone sync --verbose --log-file /home/stan/.local/log/rclone.log gdrive: /home/stan/GoogleDrive
Test cron.daily:
$ run-parts /etc/cron.daily
Add logrotate to handle log files:
$ cd /etc/logrotate.d
$ cat sync-gdrive
/home/stan/.local/log/rclone.log {
daily
rotate 7
notifempty
missingok
}
$ gsettings set org.gnome.desktop.interface clock-show-weekday true
$ gsettings set org.gnome.desktop.interface clock-show-seconds true
$ gsettings set org.gnome.desktop.calendar show-weekdate true
Also possible with GNOME Tweaks app.
After installing Ubuntu 22.04, which by default uses Wayland, mouse hovering on firefox would break.
It was recommended to enable Wayland mode for Firefox:
# nano /etc/environment
Add line:
MOZ_ENABLE_WAYLAND=1
Using "Use recommended performance settings"/"Use hardware acceleration when available" probebly also works. Since the personal profile on Firefox had this enabled, which had no hovering issues.
Source: https://linuxize.com/post/how-to-run-linux-commands-in-background/
To run a command in the background, add the ampersand symbol (&) at the end of the command:
command &
The shell job ID (surrounded with brackets) and process ID will be printed on the terminal:
[1] 25177
You can have multiple processes running in the background at the same time.
The background process will continue to write messages to the terminal from which you invoked the command. To suppress the stdout and stderr messages use the following syntax:
command > /dev/null 2>&1 &
/dev/null 2>&1 means redirect stdout to /dev/null and stderr to stdout .
Use the jobs utility to display the status of all stopped and background jobs in the current shell session:
jobs -l
The output includes the job number, process ID, job state, and the command that started the job:
[1]+ 25177 Running ping google.com &
To bring a background process to the foreground, use the fg command:
fg
If you have multiple background jobs, include % and the job ID after the command:
fg %1
To terminate the background process, use the kill command followed by the process ID:
kill -9 25177
Install:
sudo apt install pipewire bluez
Interact with bluetooth, not via Gnome:
bluetoothctl
default-agent
power on
scan on
pair [ADDRESS]
connect [ADDRESS]
Restore factory settings:
Turn off the headset while the USB Type-C cable is disconnected and then press and hold the button and the NC/AMBIENT button simultaneously for 7 seconds or more.
The blue indicator flashes four times (🔵🔵🔵🔵), and the headset is initialized. This operation resets volume settings, etc., and deletes all pairing information. In this case, delete the pairing information for the headset from the device and then pair them again.
Useful commands to get paths:
$ realpath file4.txt
/tmp/dir1/dir2/dir3/dir4/file4.txt
$ basename /tmp/dir1/dir2/dir3/dir4/file4.txt
file4.txt
$ dirname /tmp/dir1/dir2/dir3/dir4/file4.txt
/tmp/dir1/dir2/dir3/dir4
ps2pdf input.pdf output.pdf
apt install pdftk
The Dell XPS 3590 from West would freeze when reaching near 100% memory usage. Experimenting with changing the swappiness. Temporary swappiness change, effective immediatly, resets after reboot:
sudo sysctl vm.swappiness=30
Persistend change, effective after reboot:
sudo nano /etc/sysctl.conf
Add:
vm.swappiness=30
Sources:
Ports of own machine
sudo netstat -lnp
To list all listening port numbers with the process responsible on each one. Terminate or kill the process to close port. (kill, pkill ...)
https://askubuntu.com/questions/410218/how-to-close-an-open-port-in-ubuntu
Ports of other machines
sudo apt install nmap
nmap -Pn google.com | 83.24.772.218
https://linuxhint.com/port_scan_linux/
Check if you can connect to the outside on specific port, outgoing ports check.
telnet foo.bar.com 25
Checking of specific DNS resolves hostname
host nos.nl 8.8.4.4
apt install dnsutils
dig google.com
systemd-resolved/etc/resolv.confresolvectl
# lshw -c video
$ modinfo i915 | nvidia | nouveau
https://www.reddit.com/r/archlinux/comments/8z09am/xps_15_9570_intel_graphics_optimize/
Neofetch:
`:+shmNNMMNNmhs+:` stan@stan-t480s
.odMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMdo. ---------------
/dMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMmMMMMMMMMd/ OS: Ubuntu MATE 22.04.3 LTS x86_64
:mMMMMMMMMMMMMNNNNM/`/yNMMMMMMm: Host: 20L8S4PR1M ThinkPad T480S
`yMMMMMMMMMms:..-::oM: -omMMMMMy` Kernel: 6.2.0-39-generic
`dMMMMMMMMy-.odNMMMMMM: -odMMMMMMd` Uptime: 4 mins
hMMMMMMMm-.hMMy/....+M:`/yNm+mMMMMMMMh Packages: 2689 (dpkg), 15 (snap)
/MMMMNmMN-:NMy`-yNMMMMMmNyyMN:`dMMMMMMM/ Shell: zsh 5.8.1
hMMMMm -odMMh`sMMMMMMMMMMs sMN..MMMMMMMh Resolution: 1920x1080
NMMMMm `/yNMMMMMMMMMMMM: MM+ mMMMMMMN DE: MATE 1.26.0
NMMMMm `/yNMMMMMMMMMMMM: MM+ mMMMMMMN WM: Metacity (Marco)
hMMMMm -odMMh sMMMMMMMMMMs oMN..MMMMMMMh Theme: Yaru-red-dark [GTK2/3]
/MMMMNNMN-:NMy`-yNMMMMMNNsyMN:`dMMMMMMM/ Icons: Yaru-red-dark [GTK2/3]
hMMMMMMMm-.hMMy/....+M:.+hNd+mMMMMMMMh Terminal: terminator
`dMMMMMMMMy-.odNMMMMMM: :smMMMMMMd` CPU: Intel i7-8650U (8) @ 4.200GHz
yMMMMMMMMMms/..-::oM: .+dMMMMMy GPU: Intel UHD Graphics 620
:mMMMMMMMMMMMMNNNNM: :smMMMMMMm: Memory: 6126MiB / 23903MiB
/dMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMdNMMMMMMMd/
.odMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMdo.
`:+shmNNMMNNmhs+:`
X11 config:
$ cat /etc/X11/xorg.conf.d/20-intel.conf
Section "Device"
Identifier "Intel Graphics"
Driver "intel"
Option "TearFree" "true"
Option "DRI" "3"
EndSection
MATE settings:
- MATE Tweak application
- Windows
- Window manager: Marco (built-in: Xpresent)
# nano /etc/modprobe.d/zz-nvidia-modeset.conf
(old) options nvidia_375_drm modeset=1
(new) options nvidia_drm modeset=1
sudo update-initramfs -u
-
https://www.cmscritic.com/stop-screen-tearing-with-optimus-laptops-using-nvidia-drivers-in-linux/
-
https://askubuntu.com/questions/1185277/screen-tearing-in-linux-with-nvidia-graphics
# nano /usr/share/X11/xorg.conf.d/20-intel.conf
Section "Device"
Identifier "Intel Graphics"
Driver "intel"
Option "TearFree" "true"
EndSection
Original source: https://www.pcsuggest.com/fix-linux-screen-tearing/
UPDATE 26-04-2020:
- Changed location from
/etc/X11/xorg.conf.dto/usr/share/X11/xorg.conf.dbased on: https://manpages.debian.org/buster/xserver-xorg-core/xorg.conf.5.en.html - Experiencing glitching/artifacts with
TearFreeontrue, so currently disabled my wallpaper, this helps a bit. - Glichting/artifacts and screen tearing fixed by switching to Wayland (instead of X11). This is done in by selecting
Ubuntu on Waylandin the login screen.
More: https://forum.manjaro.org/t/screen-tearing-and-lagging-using-intel-open-source-drive-i915/95065
Following works well when running X11/Xorg not when running Wayland.
Visit about:config
Set gfx.xrender.enabled to true
Source: https://forums.linuxmint.com/viewtopic.php?p=1202538#p1202538
When sharing screen in MS Teams while under Wayland, MS Teams crashed.
Sources to fix this:
- https://jgrulich.cz/2018/07/04/how-to-enable-and-use-screen-sharing-on-wayland/
- https://wiki.gnome.org/Projects/Mutter/RemoteDesktop
- https://gitlab.gnome.org/GNOME/mutter/-/issues/1184
Since the PRIME profiles selector is not showing in my Nvidia X Server Settings any more, using this tool you can do the same. Reboot after change is needed.
$ prime-select --help
$ prime-select query
$ prime-select intel | nvidia | on-demand
Not yet tested: https://github.com/matthieugras/Prime-Ubuntu-18.04
To be tested: https://www.reddit.com/r/linux/comments/78is1r/complete_disable_of_discrete_gpu/
# nano /etc/default/grub
GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="quiet splash mem_sleep_default=deep"
# update-grub
# crontab -e
@reboot nvidia-settings --assign CurrentMetaMode="nvidia-auto-select +0+0 { ForceFullCompositionPipeline = On }"
Reboot
https://askubuntu.com/questions/1185277/screen-tearing-in-linux-with-nvidia-graphics
(on) $ xset led 3
(off) $ xset -led 3
Or use script:
#!/bin/bash
MASK=`xset q | grep LED | cut -d' ' -f 21 | cut -b 8`
if [ $(($MASK & 4)) = 4 ]; then
xset -led 3
else
xset led 3
fi
inputX can differ!
(on) $ sudo sh -c 'echo 1 > /sys/class/leds/input15::scrolllock/brightness'
(off) $ sudo sh -c 'echo 0 > /sys/class/leds/input15::scrolllock/brightness'
Source: https://askubuntu.com/questions/967373/wayland-equivalent-to-xset-led
Or use script:
#!/bin/bash
BOOL=`cat /sys/class/leds/input15::scrolllock/brightness`
if [ $BOOL = 1 ]; then
export NEW_BOOL=0
else
export NEW_BOOL=1
fi
sudo -E sh -c 'echo $NEW_BOOL > /sys/class/leds/input15::scrolllock/brightness'
Source: https://askubuntu.com/questions/1094485/dell-xps-15-9570-how-to-control-the-fans More info: https://www.cyberciti.biz/faq/controlling-dell-fan-speeds-temperature-on-ubuntu-debian-linux/
$ sensors
dell_smm-virtual-0
Adapter: Virtual device
fan1: 2531 RPM
fan2: 2532 RPM
# apt install i8kutils
# echo "i8k" > /etc/modules
# echo "options i8k force=1" > /etc/modprobe.d/i8k.conf
Reboot
http://keenformatics.blogspot.com/2013/06/how-to-solve-dell-laptops-fan-issues-in.html
$ git clone https://github.com/TomFreudenberg/dell-bios-fan-control.git
$ cd dell-bios-fan-control
$ make
# dell-bios-fan-control 0
Simply run i8kmon to control your fans or try ik8fan to manually control your fans.
# i8kfan 2 2
powertop --calibrate
powertop --auto-tune
cat /etc/systemd/system/powertop.service
[Unit]
Description=Powertop tunings
[Service]
Type=exec
ExecStart=/usr/bin/powertop --auto-tune
RemainAfterExit=true
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
https://github.com/fenrus75/powertop
https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Powertop
nano /etc/pacman.d/mirrorlist
https://linuxhint.com/pacman_mirrors_arch_linux/
sudo apt-get install libemail-outlook-message-perl
msgconvert filename*.msg
https://rohitmurame.blogspot.com/2018/10/how-to-open-msg-file-in-linux.html
$ touch ~/.ssh/config
$ chmod 644 ~/.ssh/config
$ nano ~/.ssh/config
Host server-1
HostName 671.288.17.927
User stan
Host server-1-tunnel
HostName 671.288.17.927
User stan
LocalForward 5432 127.0.0.1:5432
$ ssh server-1
$ ssh -N server-1-tunnel
https://shapeshed.com/manage-ssh-connections-with-a-ssh-config-file/
$ nano ~/.nanorc
set tabsize 4
set tabstospaces
Add needed certificate to Citrix certificate folder /opt/Citrix/ICAClient/keystore/cacerts/
$ locate Nederland
...
/opt/Citrix/ICAClient/keystore/cacerts/Staat_der_Nederlanden_Root_CA_-_G3.crt
...
sudo ln -s /usr/share/ca-certificates/mozilla/* /opt/Citrix/ICAClient/keystore/cacerts
https://forum.ubuntu-nl.org/index.php?topic=101708.0
cd /opt/Citrix/ICAClient/keystore/
sudo mv cacerts cacerts_old
sudo ln -s /etc/ssl/certs cacerts
https://discussions.citrix.com/topic/392126-receiver-138-no-cgp-service/
Following main lines of this guide: https://www.pgadmin.org/download/pgadmin-4-python-wheel/
Install requirements:
# apt install build-essential python3-dev python3-venv
Setup venv:
$ cd ~
$ python3 -m venv pgadmin4
$ source pgadmin4/bin/activate
Install pgadmin4, make sure to change version to most recent when using the link, e.g. 4.17 > 4.20:
(pgadmin4) $ pip install https://ftp.postgresql.org/pub/pgadmin/pgadmin4/v4.20/pip/pgadmin4-4.20-py2.py3-none-any.whl
Before error occurs create these folder yourself:
# mkdir /var/lib/pgadmin4
# mkdir /var/log/pgadmin4
And own them:
# chown -R $USER:$USER /var/lib/pgadmin4
# chown -R $USER:$USER /var/log/pgadmin4
Set desktop mode by creating new config file:
$ nano ~/pgadmin4/lib/python3.8/site-packages/pgadmin4/config_local.py
LOG_FILE = '/var/log/pgadmin4/pgadmin4.log'
SQLITE_PATH = '/var/lib/pgadmin4/pgadmin4.db'
SESSION_DB_PATH = '/var/lib/pgadmin4/sessions'
STORAGE_DIR = '/var/lib/pgadmin4/storage'
SERVER_MODE = False
Change in both files the same line:
$ nano ~/pgadmin4/lib/python3.8/site-packages/flask_wtf/recaptcha/validators.py
$ nano ~/pgadmin4/lib/python3.8/site-packages/flask_wtf/recaptcha/widgets.py
replace: from werkzeug import url_encode
with: from werkzeug.urls import url_encode
(Source: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/60896993/importerror-cannot-import-name-url-encode-from-werkzeug)
Run setup:
(pgadmin4) $ python ~/pgadmin4/lib/python3.8/site-packages/pgadmin4/setup.py
I already had a pgadmin4.db with settings from my previous install, so I linked it:
$ cd /var/lib/pgadmin4
# ln -s ~/.pgadmin/pgadmin4.db pgadmin4.db
Try running it:
(pgadmin4) $ python ~/pgadmin4/lib/python3.7/site-packages/pgadmin4/pgAdmin4.py
When remotely connecting to a (desktop) Ubuntu machine with no default connected physical display a dummy screen can be added. This way e.g. TeamViewer can always connect to a display even when none in connected to the machine.
Install package: sudo apt-get install xserver-xorg-video-dummy
Config files location: /usr/share/X11/xorg.conf.d/
Dummy display config:
Section "Device"
Identifier "Configured Video Device"
Driver "dummy"
EndSection
Section "Monitor"
Identifier "Configured Monitor"
HorizSync 31.5-48.5
VertRefresh 50-70
EndSection
Section "Screen"
Identifier "Default Screen"
Monitor "Configured Monitor"
Device "Configured Video Device"
DefaultDepth 24
SubSection "Display"
Depth 24
Modes "1920x1080"
EndSubSection
EndSection
Attempt 1 DIDN'T FIX MY ISSUE
I had the same problem with this wifi card on Debian. Updating settings on router wasn't an option. What helped was to update binary firmware from here: https://github.com/kvalo/ath10k-firmware/tree/master/QCA6174/hw3.0/4.4.1
Just download last version and replace file firmware-6.bin located at /lib/firmware/ath10k/QCA6174/hw3.0/.
Then reload affected kernel modules:
modprobe -r ath10k_pci ath10k_core
modprobe ath10k_pci
modprobe ath10k_core
Attempt 2 DIDNT WORK
I finally solved this after browsing and trying a couple of threads on various blogs.
The problem: My router is old and didn't supported 802.11n protocol, that caused the internet to slow down only in Ubuntu because by default it was being used.
The Solution: To force disable the 802.11 protocol permanently:
Step 1: Open iwlwifi.conf using nano or any other text editor.
sudo nano /etc/modprobe.d/iwlwifi.conf
Step 2: Add a line to force disable 802.11n protocol
options iwlwifi 11n_disable=1
Step 3: Save and reboot your PC.
NOTE: The changes won't take effect until you reboot your PC.
If you want to reverse the changes the please remove the line you've added and reboot.
This solved my problem and If your PC has the same issue, I'm sure it will solve yours too.
Attempt 3
Edit /etc/NeworkManager/conf.d/default-wifi-powersave-on.conf
In that file you will see a line that looks like this;
wifi.powersave = 3
Change the 3 to a 2 (which means disabled) and reboot. The problem should be resolved.
https://www.reddit.com/r/SurfaceLinux/comments/g8dqbr/ubuntu_2004_wifi_problem/ https://gist.github.com/jcberthon/ea8cfe278998968ba7c5a95344bc8b55
Fix:
sudo apt install backport-iwlwifi-dkms
Info:
https://askubuntu.com/questions/1046589/backport-for-iwlwifi
https://sites.google.com/site/easytipsforlinux/using-deborphan
$ sudo apt-get install deborphan
cat /etc/modprobe.d/hid_apple.conf
# For Keychron keyboard -- https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Apple_Keyboard
# - lsusb shows Keychron as Apple Inc keyboard, also in Win/Android mode
# - According to the documentation mentioned above swap_opt_cmd should 1 for Windows mode
# - Hardware = Windows mode, Linux = Apple mode, this config is therefor switched
options hid_apple fnmode=2 swap_opt_cmd=0
modprobe -r hid_apple
insmod
rmmod
$ cd ~/.local/share/applications
$ nano firefox-personal.desktop
[Desktop Entry]
Name=Firefox Personal
Exec=firefox -P Personal -no-remote --class FxTest
Terminal=false
Type=Application
StartupNotify=true
Icon=firefox
StartupWMClass=FxTest
Sometimes Gnome crashes and becomes unrespunsive, this is printed in journalctl:
aug 08 12:16:56 stan-west-3590 gnome-shell[2400]: ../clutter/clutter/clutter-actor.c:10558: The clutter_actor_set_allocation() function can only be called from within the implementation of the ClutterActor::allocate() virtual function.
aug 08 12:17:16 stan-west-3590 gnome-shell[2400]: clutter_input_device_ungrab: assertion 'CLUTTER_IS_INPUT_DEVICE (device)' failed
To restart gnome-shell:
killall -3 gnome-shell
- ExQuilla for Exchange
- TbSync
- Thunderbird Conversations
- Provider for Google Calender
- Provider for Exchange ActiveSync
- Lightning
- Psensor
- Gparted
- Grub Customizer
- Menulibre
- DBeaver
- Joplin
- Slack
- Citrix Workspace
- Signal
- Insomnia
- pgAdmin4
- PyCharm CE
- Skype
- Microsoft Teams
- Telegram
- zsh, then run
chsh -s $(which zsh) - oh my zsh
- current theme: awesomepanda
- curl
- git
- mlocate, then run
updatedb - docker
- net-tools, for ifconfig
- micro, nano alternative
- move to
/usr/local/bin
- move to
- vim config, from youtube