To develop a better sense of how an operating system works, you will also do a few projects inside a real OS kernel. The kernel we'll be using is a port of the original Unix (version 6), and is runnable on modern x86 processors. It was developed at MIT and is a small and relatively understandable OS and thus an excellent focus for simple projects.
This first project is just a warmup, and thus relatively light on work. The goal of the project is simple: to add a system call to xv6. Your system call, getreadcount(), simply returns how many times that the read() system call has been called by user processes since the time that the kernel was booted.
If you haven't watched the discussion video, you might want to read this background section.
More information about xv6, including a very useful book written by the MIT folks who built xv6, is available here. Do note, however, that we use a slightly older version of xv6 (for various pedagogical reasons), and thus the book may not match our code base exactly.
Your new system call should look have the following return codes and parameters:
int getreadcount(void)Your system call returns the value of a counter (perhaps called readcount or something like that) which is incremented every time any process calls the read() system call. That's it!
Watch this discussion video -- it contains a detailed walk-through of all the things you need to know to unpack xv6, build it, and modify it to make this project successful.
One good way to start hacking inside a large code base is to find something similar to what you want to do and to carefully copy/modify that. Here, you should find some other system call, like getpid() (or any other simple call). Copy it in all the ways you think are needed, and then modify it to do what you need.
Most of the time will be spent on understanding the code. There shouldn't be a whole lot of code added.
Using gdb (the debugger) may be helpful in understanding code, doing code traces, and is helpful for later projects too. Get familiar with this fine tool!
Running tests for your system call is easy. Just do the following from
inside the initial-xv6 directory:
prompt> ./test-getreadcounts.shIf you implemented things correctly, you should get some notification that the tests passed. If not ...
The tests assume that xv6 source code is found in the src/ subdirectory.
If it's not there, the script will complain.
The test script does a one-time clean build of your xv6 source code
using a newly generated makefile called Makefile.test. You can use
this when debugging (assuming you ever make mistakes, that is), e.g.:
prompt> cd src/
prompt> make -f Makefile.test qemu-noxYou can suppress the repeated building of xv6 in the tests with the
-s flag. This should make repeated testing faster:
prompt> ./test-getreadcounts.sh -sThe other usual testing flags are also available. See the testing README for details.