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Platform and library support for Trompeloeil

On some distributions clang is configured to use libstdc++-v3 as the implementation of the C++ Standard Library. In order to use libc++, pass the -stdlib=libc++ command line flag to the compiler.

For example,

clang++-5.0 -std=c++14 -stdlib=libc++ <other command line arguments>

To use libc++ with g++ a few more command line flags need to be passed. This is a command line known to work with g++-6,

g++-6 -std=c++14 -nostdinc++ -isystem/usr/include/c++/v1 \
<other command line arguments> \
-nodefaultlibs -lc++ -lc++abi -lm -lc -lgcc_s -lgcc

Trompeloeil test cases have been compiled and run without error with AddressSanitizer (ASan), Undefined Behavior Sanitizer (UBSan) and Thread Sanitizer (TSan).

Feel free to add -fsanitize=address, -fsanitize=thread or -fsanitize=undefined to your compiler command lines, especially when unit testing.

Maybe your compiler supports -fsanitize-address-use-after-scope. Add that flag as well.

Canonical supports the main component of the repositories of a release.

Canonical does not support the universe component. Support for universe is provided by the Ubuntu community. If a compiler or library is in universe for a particular release, then there is no guarantee that there will be a release of that compiler or library in the next or any future release of Ubuntu, let alone updates in the current release.

Either migrate compilers and libraries with each Ubuntu release or take control of your toolchain and remove a dependency on the platform. In the latter case you then have the option of supporting the Ubuntu community with a contribution of your toolchain to universe.

For more information, see

ubuntu.com, "Repositories"
Available: https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Repositories
Accessed: 29 October 2017

                Trusty Tahr                 Xenial Xerus                Zesty Zapus         Artful Aardvark     Bionic Beaver
                (14.04LTS)                  (16.04LTS)                  (17.04)             (17.10)             (18.04LTS)
Released        2014-04-17                  2016-04-21                  2017-04-17          2017-10-19          2018-04
Supported to    2019-04                     2021-04                     2018-01             2018-07             2023-04

Compiler(s)     g++-4.8.4                   g++-5                       g++-6               g++-7               TODO

                clang++-3.5                 clang++-4.0                 clang++-4.0         universe            TODO
                                                                                            clang++-5.0         TODO


libc++-dev      universe                    universe                    universe            universe            TODO
                1.0~svn199600-1             3.7.0                       3.9.1               3.9.1               TODO
                Trusty Tahr                 Xenial Xerus                Zesty Zapus         Artful Aardvark     Bionic Beaver
                (14.04LTS)                  (16.04LTS)                  (17.04)             (17.10)             (18.04LTS)
Released        2014-04-17                  2016-04-21                  2017-04-17          2017-10-19          2018-04
Supported to    (2019-04)                   (2021-04)                   (2018-01)           (2018-07)           (2023-04)

GCC

g++-4.8         ports                       universe                    universe            universe            TODO
                4.8.2-19ubuntu1             4.8.5-4ubuntu2              4.8.5-4ubuntu4      4.8.5-4ubuntu6      TODO

                security                    xenial-updates              zesty-updates                           TODO
                4.8.4-2ubuntu1~14.04.3      N/A                         N/A                                     TODO

                trusty-updates              xenial-backports            zesty-backports                         TODO
                4.8.4-2ubuntu1~14.04.3      N/A                         N/A                                     TODO

                trusty-backports
                N/A


g++-4.9         main                        universe                    universe            universe            TODO
                N/A                         4.9.3-13ubuntu2             4.9.4-2ubuntu1      N/A                 TODO

                trusty-updates              xenial-updates              zesty-updates                           TODO
                N/A                         N/A                         N/A                                     TODO

                trusty-backports            xenial-backports            zesty-backports                         TODO
                N/A                         N/A                         N/A                                     TODO


g++-5           main                        ports                       universe            universe            TODO
                N/A                         5.3.1-14ubuntu2             5.4.1-8ubuntu1      5.5.0-1ubuntu1      TODO

                trusty-updates              security                    zesty-updates                           TODO
                N/A                         5.4.0-6ubuntu1~16.04.4      N/A                                     TODO

                trusty-backports            xenial-updates              zesty-backports                         TODO
                N/A                         5.4.0-6ubuntu1~16.04.5      N/A                                     TODO

                                            xenial-backports
                                            N/A


g++-6           main                        main                        ports               universe            TODO
                N/A                         N/A                         6.3.0-8ubuntu1      6.4.0-8ubuntu1      TODO

                trusty-updates              xenial-updates              main                                    TODO
                N/A                         N/A                         6.3.0-12ubuntu2                         TODO

                trusty-backports            xenial-backports            zesty-updates                           TODO
                N/A                         N/A                         N/A                                     TODO

                                                                        zesty-backports
                                                                        N/A


g++-7           main                        main                        main                main                TODO
                N/A                         N/A                         N/A                 7.2.0-8ubuntu3      TODO

                trusty-updates              xenial-updates              zenial-updates                          TODO
                N/A                         N/A                         N/A                                     TODO

                trusty-backports            xenial-backports            zenial-backports                        TODO
                N/A                         N/A                         N/A                                     TODO


Clang

clang-3.5       ports                       universe                    N/A                 N/A                 TODO
                1:3.5~svn201651-1ubuntu1    1:3.5.2-3ubuntu1            N/A                 N/A                 TODO

                security                    xenial-updates              zesty-updates                           TODO
                1:3.5-4ubuntu2~trusty2      N/A                         N/A                                     TODO

                trusty-updates              xenial-backports            zesty-backports                         TODO
                1:3.5-4ubuntu2~trusty2      N/A                         N/A                                     TODO

                trusty-backports
                N/A


clang-3.6       N/A                         universe                    N/A                 N/A                 TODO
                N/A                         1:3.6.2-3ubuntu2            N/A                 N/A                 TODO

                trusty-updates/universe     xenial-updates              zesty-updates                           TODO
                1:3.6-2ubuntu1~trusty1      N/A                         N/A                                     TODO

                trusty-backports            xenial-backports            zesty-backports                         TODO
                N/A                         N/A                         N/A                                     TODO


clang-3.7       N/A                         universe                    universe            N/A                 TODO
                N/A                         1:3.7.1-2ubuntu2            1:3.7.1-3ubuntu4    N/A                 TODO

                trusty-updates              xenial-updates              zesty-updates                           TODO
                N/A                         N/A                         N/A                                     TODO

                trusty-backports            xenial-backports            zesty-backports                         TODO
                N/A                         N/A                         N/A                                     TODO


clang-3.8       security                    universe                    universe            universe            TODO
                1:3.8-2ubuntu3~trusty5      1:3.8-2ubuntu1              1:3.8.1-18ubuntu1   1:3.8.1-24ubuntu7   TODO

                trusty-updates/universe     xenial-updates/universe     zesty-updates                           TODO
                1:3.8-2ubuntu3~trusty5      1:3.8-2ubuntu4              N/A                                     TODO

                trusty-backports            xenial-backports            zesty-backports                         TODO
                N/A                         N/A                         N/A                                     TODO


clang-3.9       security                    security                    ports               universe            TODO
                1:3.9.1-4ubuntu3~14.04.3    1:3.9.1-4ubuntu3~16.04.2    1:3.9.1-5ubuntu1    1:3.9.1-17ubuntu1   TODO

                trusty-updates/universe     xenial-updates/universe     security                                TODO
                1:3.9.1-4ubuntu3~14.04.3    1:3.9.1-4ubuntu3~16.04.2    1:3.9.1-5ubuntu1.1                      TODO

                trusty-backports            xenial-backports            zesty-updates                           TODO
                N/A                         N/A                         1:3.9.1-5ubuntu1.1                      TODO

                                                                        zesty-backports                         TODO
                                                                        N/A                                     TODO


clang-4.0       N/A                         security                    main                universe            TODO
                N/A                         1:4.0-1ubuntu1~16.04.2      1:4.0-1ubuntu1      1:4.0.1-6           TODO

                trusty-updates              xenial-updates              zesty-updates                           TODO
                N/A                         1:4.0-1ubuntu1~16.04.2      N/A                                     TODO

                trusty-backports            xenial-backports            zesty-backports                         TODO
                N/A                         N/A                         N/A                                     TODO


clang-5.0       N/A                         N/A                         N/A                 universe            TODO
                N/A                         N/A                         N/A                 1:5.0-3             TODO

                trusty-updates              xenial-updates              zesty-updates                           TODO
                N/A                         N/A                         N/A                                     TODO

                trusty-backports            xenial-backports            zesty-backports                         TODO
                N/A                         N/A                         N/A                                     TODO

libc++-dev

1.0             universe
                1.0~svn199600-1

                trusty-updates
                N/A

                trusty-backports
                N/A

3.7                                         universe
                                            3.7.0-1

                                            xenial-updates/universe
                                            3.7.0-1ubuntu0.1

                                            xenial-backports
                                            N/A

3.9                                                                     ports               universe
                                                                        3.7.0-1             3.9.1-3

                                                                        universe
                                                                        3.9.1-2

                                                                        zesty-updates
                                                                        N/A

                                                                        zesty-backports
                                                                        N/A

4.0                                                                                                             TODO
                                                                                                                TODO


5.0                                                                                                             TODO
                                                                                                                TODO

Table first compiled: 28 October 2017. Last updated: 28 October 2017.

A short list of Fedora releases tells a similar story to the Ubuntu distribution.

                25                          26                          27                          28
Released        2016-11-22                  2017-07-11                  (2017-11-14)                (2018-05-01)
Supported to    TODO                        TODO                        TBD                         TBD

gcc-c++         6.4.1-1.fc25                7.2.1-2.fc26                7.2.1-2.fc27                TODO
g++             6.4.1 20170727              7.2.1 20170915              7.2.1 20170915              TODO
                (Red Hat 6.4.1-1)           (Red Hat 7.2.1-2)           (Red Hat 7.2.1-2)


clang           3.9.1-2.fc25                4.0.1-5.fc26                4.0.1-5.fc27                TODO
clang++         3.9.1                       4.0.1                       4.0.1                       TODO
                (tags/RELEASE_391/final     (tags/RELEASE_401/final)    (tags/RELEASE_401/final)


libcxx-devel    3.9.1-1.fc25                4.0.1-3.fc26                4.0.1-3.fc27                TODO

Table first compiled: 28 October 2017 Last updated: 9 November 2017

The release of Artful Aardvark (Ubuntu 17.10) contains a number of issues requiring workarounds if you want to compile and test Trompeloeil with community supported compiler versions e.g. any version of clang++, any version g++ less than 7, or community supported libraries e.g. any version of libc++.

Canonical supported compilers and libraries - just g++-7 with libstdc++-v3 - do not have the issues described below, but this is rather a narrow list for testing Trompeloeil on its supported compilers and libraries.

Affects: libstdc++-v3 from these packages

Workaround: Add -D_GLIBCXX_USE_C99=1 to your compiler command lines.

The version of glibc in package libc6-dev (2.26-0ubuntu2) drops support for xlocale.h.

libc++ tracked this change and supplied a fix for 5.0.

See: "Fix libcxx build with glibc 2.26+ by removing xlocale.h include."
Available: https://github.com/llvm-mirror/libcxx/commit/6e02e89f65ca1ca1d6ce30fbc557563164dd327e
Accessed: 11 November 2017

But Artful Aardvark ships package libc++-dev 3.9.1-3. As a consequence, no software using libc++ out-of-the-box version can compile on Artful.

Workaround: Create a symlink from locale.h to xlocale.h

cd /usr/include
sudo ln -s locale.h xlocale.h

A defect in GLIBC 2.26 prevents programs using signbit() from math.h from compiling with g++-4.8, g++-4.9, or g++-5.

This happens to include any uses of libc++, which requires a functioning signbit() to compile function template __libcpp_signbit() in file math.h.

The Clang compilers happen to work with this part of glibc 2.26 as they don't implement 128-bit floating point and a different code path is followed, even for the earliest supported compilers.

See: https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/glibc/+bug/1725869

Workaround: Patch your local copy of math.h in glibc with the fix from glibc upstream, found by following the links in this bug report:

See: "Bug 22296 - glibc 2.26: signbit build issue with Gcc 5.5.0 on x86_64"
Available: https://sourceware.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=22296
Accessed: 11 November 2017

Hopefully updated packages for glibc (libc6-dev), libc++, and libstdc++-dev for g++-4.8 and g++-5 will be released allowing patch-free building and testing of Trompeloeil on Artful Aardvark.

A better strategy may be to build GLIBC, GCC 4.8, GCC 5.x, and libc++ from source and use these to build your software. Then consider contributing your build to the Ubuntu Community; you just might be the "support" in "community supported".