Optics_comparison_of_models.py

import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

from solcore import si, material
from solcore.structure import Junction, Layer
from solcore.solar_cell import SolarCell
from solcore.solar_cell_solver import solar_cell_solver, default_options
from solcore.light_source import LightSource
from solcore.constants import vacuum_permittivity
from solcore.absorption_calculator import RCWASolverError

# user options
T = 298
wl = si(np.linspace(400, 900, 80), 'nm')
light_source = LightSource(source_type='standard', version='AM1.5g', x=wl,
                           output_units='photon_flux_per_m', concentration=1)
opts = default_options
opts.wavelength, opts.no_back_reflection, opts.size, opts.light_source, opts.T_ambient = \
    wl, False, ((400, 0), (0, 400)), light_source, T
opts.recalculate_absorption = True
# The size of the unit cell for the RCWA structure is 400 x 400 nm

# Defining all the materials we need
Air = material('Air')(T=T)
p_GaAs = material('GaAs')(T=T, Na=si('4e18cm-3'))  # for the GaAs cell emitter
n_GaAs = material('GaAs')(T=T, Nd=si('2e17cm-3'))  # for the GaAs cell base
AlAs, GaAs = material('AlAs')(T=T), material('GaAs')(T=T)  # for the DBR
SiO2 = material('SiO2', sopra=True)(T=T)  # for the spacer layer
TiO2 = material('TiO2', sopra=True)(T=T)  # for the nanoparticles

# some parameters for the QE solver
for mat in [n_GaAs, p_GaAs]:
    mat.hole_mobility, mat.electron_mobility, mat.permittivity = 3.4e-3, 5e-2, 9 * vacuum_permittivity
    n_GaAs.hole_diffusion_length, p_GaAs.electron_diffusion_length = si("500nm"), si("5um")

# Define the different parts of the structure we will use. For the GaAs junction, we use the depletion approximation
GaAs_junction = [Junction([Layer(width=si('100nm'), material=p_GaAs, role="emitter"),
                           Layer(width=si('400nm'), material=n_GaAs, role="base")], T=T, kind='DA')]

# this creates 10 repetitions of the AlAs and GaAs layers, to make the DBR structure
DBR = 10 * [Layer(width=si("73nm"), material=AlAs), Layer(width=si("60nm"), material=GaAs)]

# The layer with nanoparticles
NP_layer = [Layer(si('50nm'), Air, geometry=[{'type': 'circle', 'mat': TiO2, 'center': (200, 200),
                                              'radius': 50}])]

substrate = [Layer(width=si('50um'), material=GaAs)]
spacer = [Layer(width=si('25nm'), material=SiO2)]

# --------------------------------------------------------------------------
# solar cell with SiO2 coating
solar_cell = SolarCell(spacer + GaAs_junction + substrate)

opts.optics_method = 'TMM'
solar_cell_solver(solar_cell, 'qe', opts)
TMM_EQE = solar_cell[1].eqe(opts.wavelength)

opts.optics_method = 'BL'
solar_cell_solver(solar_cell, 'qe', opts)
BL_EQE = solar_cell[1].eqe(opts.wavelength)

# --------------------------------------------------------------------------
# as above, with a DBR on the back
solar_cell = SolarCell(spacer + GaAs_junction + DBR + substrate)

opts.optics_method = 'TMM'
solar_cell_solver(solar_cell, 'qe', opts)
TMM_EQE_DBR = solar_cell[1].eqe(opts.wavelength)

# --------------------------------------------------------------------------
# cell with TiO2 nanocylinder array on the front
solar_cell = SolarCell(NP_layer + spacer + GaAs_junction + DBR + substrate)

opts.optics_method = 'TMM'
solar_cell_solver(solar_cell, 'qe', opts)
TMM_EQE_NP = solar_cell[2].eqe(opts.wavelength)

opts.optics_method = 'BL'
solar_cell_solver(solar_cell, 'qe', opts)
BL_EQE_NP = solar_cell[2].eqe(opts.wavelength)

try:
    opts.optics_method = 'RCWA'
    opts.orders = 9  # number of diffraction orders to keep in the RCWA solver
    solar_cell_solver(solar_cell, 'qe', opts)
    RCWA_EQE_NP = solar_cell[2].eqe(opts.wavelength)
    RCWA_legend = 'RCWA (GaAs SC + NP array + DBR)'
except ValueError:
    RCWA_EQE_NP = np.zeros_like(BL_EQE_NP)
    RCWA_legend = '(RCWA solver S4 not available)'


plt.figure()
plt.plot(wl * 1e9, BL_EQE_NP, wl * 1e9, TMM_EQE, wl * 1e9, TMM_EQE_DBR, wl * 1e9, RCWA_EQE_NP)
plt.legend(labels=['Beer-Lambert law (all structures)', 'TMM (GaAs SC)', 'TMM (GaAs SC + DBR)',
                   RCWA_legend])
plt.xlabel("Wavelength (nm)")
plt.ylabel("Quantum efficiency")
plt.show()